CN1101070A - 含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物 - Google Patents
含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1101070A CN1101070A CN93117384.1A CN93117384A CN1101070A CN 1101070 A CN1101070 A CN 1101070A CN 93117384 A CN93117384 A CN 93117384A CN 1101070 A CN1101070 A CN 1101070A
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- additive
- detergent
- fine powder
- salt hydrate
- tackiness agent
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 salt hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WWYHAQDAMPXWSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol;methane Chemical compound C.CCCCCCCCCCCCO WWYHAQDAMPXWSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UPLPHRJJTCUQAY-WIRWPRASSA-N 2,3-thioepoxy madol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H]3S[C@@H]3C[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]2(C)CC1 UPLPHRJJTCUQAY-WIRWPRASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010009866 Cold sweat Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical group [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical class C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
- C11D11/0088—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads the liquefied ingredients being sprayed or adsorbed onto solid particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/1233—Carbonates, e.g. calcite or dolomite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
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- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
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- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于粒状易流性洗衣用洗涤剂
组合物之中的洗涤添加剂,其含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、
精细粉末、水合盐以及粘合剂。还提供了用来制备颗
粒状易流性洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于粒状易流动的洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中的洗涤添加剂,其含有:分子量约1,000-100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,粒径小于约20微米的精细粉末,水合盐以及粘合剂。
还包括一种制备易流动的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括将PVP,精细粉末与水合盐混合并喷上粘合剂而形成洗涤添加剂,然后再将该添加剂与洗涤剂颗粒混合。
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)是一种理想的洗衣洗涤剂组分,原因是:(a)可抑制洗涤过程中的染料转移,因此可保护纤维物的颜色;(b)清除洗涤水中的氯,因此可减轻含氯的洗涤水对织物的漂白作用;(c)阻止从洗涤织物上释出的污垢在洗涤过程中重新沉淀在织物上。然而却发现,若将PVP简单地掺入到粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物中,特别是其中又含有柠檬酸时,则可能出现问题,那就是洗涤剂组合物暴露在潮湿环境中时,易产生流动性差,结块及结团现象,更有甚者,在洗涤剂包装物内,发粘的PVP能导致洗涤剂组合物结成砖头样的大块。
目前已知,使用本发明的PVP添加剂,可以减少或消除上述的由于将PVP掺入洗涤剂组合物中所产生的不良效果。
本添加剂的另一优点是可减少处理大批量PVP自身时所产生的问题。与PVP自身相比,大批量的添加剂结块较少,流动性也较好,因此更易于处理。
在美国专利3,868,336(Mazzola等人,1975年2月25日颁发)中,公开了一种提高粒状洗涤剂流动性的方法,其包括使用多孔的或精细的流动促进剂作为油类洗涤剂增强剂。
美国专利3,849,327(见Disalvo等人1974年11月19日颁发)公开一种制备易流动的粒状重垢合成洗涤剂组合物的方法,该组合物含有非离子表面活性剂和聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮抗再沉积剂。
本发明涉及一种用于粒状易流动的洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中的洗涤添加剂,含有(按添加剂重量计)是:
(a)约15%~60%分子量为约1,000~100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约5%~90%粒径小于约20微米的精细粉末;
(c)约5%~60%水合盐;以及
(d)约0.5%~30%非离子表面活性剂。
还包括一种制备易流动的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括:(1)通过混合以下物质制备洗涤添加剂(按添加剂重量计):
(a)约15%~60分子量为约1,000~100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约5%~90%粒径小于约20微米的精细粉末;
(c)约5%~60%水合盐;
然后将约0.5%~30%的非离子表面活性剂喷于上面;
(2)将约0.1%~25%的粒状洗涤添加剂与约99.9%~75%的洗涤剂颗粒相混合。
本发明涉及一种用于易流动的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中的洗涤添加剂,其含有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,精细粉末、水合盐及粘合剂、添加剂最好也是颗粒状且易流动的。其组分描述如下。
还包括一种制备易流动的粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括将PVP,精细粉末、水合盐混合并喷上粘合剂形成洗涤添加剂,然后将该添加剂与洗涤颗粒相混合。
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮
用于易流动颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中的本发明洗涤添加剂含有按添加剂重量计为约15%~60%,优选20%~50%,最优选为25%~30%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;其分子量为约1,000~100,000,优选约3,000~50,000,较优选为约5,000~30,000,最优选为8,000~15,000。所谓“分子量”是指“粘度平均分子量”,其“K值”约在10~34之间,最优选在13-19之间。
本发明洗衣洗涤剂组合物中的PVP可作为抗再沉积剂、染料转移抑制剂以及织物颜色保护剂。然而,若将PVP简单地混入到颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中,则当暴露于潮湿环境中时可能产生流动性差,结团及结块现象。
不必受理论的局限,据信吸湿性的PVP将从潮湿空气中吸收水分,导致洗涤剂颗粒相互粘合,从而阻碍流动。进而据信,令人讨厌的由PVP引起的粘滞性还会使最终的洗涤剂产品的结团、结块现象加重,这是由于要破碎由粘性PVP粘合的颗粒所需的力加大了。
本文包括取代和未取代的乙烯吡咯烷酮聚合产物。一般来说,PVP的分子量越大,所需的PVP就越少。本文的洗涤剂添加剂和/或最终洗涤剂组合物中最好不使用聚乙烯醇。
最优选的是PVPK-15(ISP),其粘度平均分子量为10,000,K值为13-19。
精细粉末
本发明洗涤添加剂还含有按添加剂重量计约5%-90%,优选约10%~80%,最优选20%~30%的一种精细粉末,其粒径少于约20微米,优选在约0.1至约15微米之间,最优选在1微米和10微米之间;
所谓“粒径”是指用常规分析技术如Malverm分析法可测得的平均颗粒直径。
不受理论的局限,据信这种精细粉末可抑制PVP从空气中吸收水分。而当PVP吸湿变粘后,这种细粉便粘附于其表面,以阻止PVP与洗涤剂组合物之间相互作用。
本文优选的精细粉末选自于:碳酸钙、层状硅酸盐、烘制的硅胶、硅铝酸钠、滑石粉、焦磷酸钠粉末,以及它们的混合物。较优选的是碳酸钙、滑石粉、和/或硅铝酸钠。最优选的是碳酸钙和硅铝酸钠,其粒径应均在约2-10微米之间。
优选的硅铝酸盐是不溶于水的晶体或无定形硅铝酸盐离子交换物,分子式为:
其中M为钠、钾、铵或取代的铵,Z值为约0.5至约2,Y为1,该物质的镁离子交换能力为约每克无水硅铝酸盐至少约50毫克当量的CaCO3硬度。本文使用的硅铝酸盐是市场上可买到的,也可以是天然存在的,但优选是合成的。生产硅铝酸盐的方法公开于美国专利3,985,669。本文优选的合成晶状硅铝酸盐离子交换物可来源于商品号沸石A、X、B或HS的物质,沸石A是特别优选的。
另一类适用的精细粉末是层状硅酸盐。优选的是结晶层状硅酸钠(Na2Si2O5),即从Hoechst来源的SKS-6。本文中使用的适宜硅铝酸盐及层状硅酸盐描述在Beerse等人的1992年4月28日颁发的美国专利5,108,646(本文引为参考文献)中。
水合盐
本发明的洗涤添加剂(最好是“预混合物”)还含有按添加剂的重量计约5%~60%,优选约10%~50%,最优选为20%~40%的水合盐。水合盐优选选择于碱金属的碳酸盐、硫酸盐、三聚磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐以及其混合物。钠(优选)、钾、或铵盐均在优选之列。所谓“水合盐”是指在较大温度范围内能形成一种或多种水合物的碱金属盐类。
水合盐的粒径不必限制象精细粉末那样小(如小于20微米)。优选为碳酸钠和硫酸钠,优选的粒径(平均粒子直径)范围为约1~500微米,最优选约50~200微米。
水合盐与精细粉末的优选比例为约1:3至约3:1,最佳约为1:1。
不受理论的局限,据信水合盐对与其紧邻的PVP来说起着吸湿剂的作用。因此,当添加剂暴露在大气潮湿环境中时,水合盐将首先与游离水分结合。万一PVP还吸收水分,据信精细粒末则将“冷却”变粘的PVP,减少与洗涤剂组合物之间的相互作用。
粘合剂
本洗涤添加剂还包括一种粘合剂,其含量为添加剂重量的约0.5%~30%,优选约1%~20%,最优选3%~6%。
该粘合剂优选选自于非离子表面活性剂(优选),阴离子表面活性剂,水溶性聚合物,及其混合物。
适用的阴离子表面活性剂与水溶性聚合物描述在Beerse等人,1992年4月28日颁发的美国专利5,108,646,4至7栏(本文引为参考文献)中。
最优选的是:
(1)一种合成的阴离子表面活性剂浆状物或其与乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂的混合物其中所述阴离子表面活性剂浆状物与乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂的重量比至少为约3∶1;或
(2)一种含至少约50%(重)环氧乙烷的水溶性聚合物,或其与乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂的混合物,其中所述聚合物与乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂的重量比至少为约1∶1。
粘合剂的作用是粘接PVP、精细粉末与水合盐。据信使这三种粉末维持紧密接触状态在当其加入洗涤剂组合物中时非常重要,这可将这些添加剂组分预先混合来实现。
优选的粘合剂是水溶性非离子表面活性剂。这种非离子性物质包括由氧化亚烷基(天然亲水性的)与有机疏水化合物(其可以是天然脂肪族的或烷基芳香族的)缩合而制得的化合物。与任意特定疏水基团缩合的聚氧亚烷基的长度可以方便地加以调整,以制得具有所需亲水和疏水平衡度的水溶性化合物。
适用的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物,例如具有直链或支链结构的含约6至15个碳原子的烷基的每摩尔烷基酚与约3至12摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。
还有脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合而成的水溶性及分散性产物,其中脂肪醇是含8~22个碳原子为直链或支链结构,每摩尔醇与3~12摩尔的环氧乙烷缩合。
半极性的非离子表面活性剂包括:
水溶性胺氧化物,它含有一个约10~18碳原子的烷基部分和选自于具有约1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟基烷基两部分;水溶性磷氧化物,其含有一个约10~18个碳原子的烷基部分和选自于具有约1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟烷基两部分;水溶性亚砜,其含有一个约10~18个碳原子的烷基部分和一个选自于具有约1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟烷基部分。
优选的非离子表面活性剂用分子式R1(OC2H4)nOH表示,这里R1是C10-C16的烷基或C8-C12的烷基苯基,n为3~约80。
特别优选的是每摩尔C12-C15的醇与大约2~20摩尔的环氧乙烷的缩合产品,如每摩尔C12-C13的醇与约6.5摩尔的环氧乙烷缩合。
非离子表面活性剂与精细粉末的优选比例为约1∶15至1∶2,最好是约1∶7至1∶4。
对于优选的易流性颗粒且不含磷酸盐的洗涤添加剂,最好不要再加入其它组分。
方法
本文还包括一种制备易流性颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括将本文中的PVP、精细粉末与水合盐混合并喷上粘合剂而制得洗涤添加剂,然后将该添加剂与洗涤剂颗粒混合。
本文包括一种制备易流性颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括:
(1)通过将下列物质混合制备洗涤添加剂,按添加剂重量计
(a)约5%~60%分子量约1,000~100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约5%~90%粒径小于约20微米的精细粉末;
(c)约5%~60%水合盐;
并且喷上约0.5%~30%的粘合剂;
(2)将约0.1%~25%的洗涤添加剂与约99.9%~75%的洗涤颗粒相混合。
混合过程最好在一种;1)剪切式混料器(如搅拌机),2)水平运动的混合器,(如螺旋叶片式搅拌机,捏和机),3)涡流式混合器(如Lodige或Eirich式混料机,销状混料机),4)高强度混合器(如Schugi),或5)转筒混合器(如Munson混合器,V型搅拌机)中。第(1)步骤的混合最好使用:选自于1)剪切式混合器,2)水平运动的混合器,3)涡流式混合器,4)高强度混合器,以及5)转筒式混合器中的一种。
较优选混合过程应采用涡流式混合器,优选为Lodige式或高强度混合器,进一步最优选为Schugi混合器。
对于间歇式混合器(如Eirich型混合器),优选的加料次序是:粉末(最好是PVP),精细粉末,水合盐;然后是液体,最好是粘合剂。而对于连续式混合器如Schugi,优选的加料顺序是:液体,最好是粘合剂,与粉末同时加入混合器。
然后将洗涤添加剂与洗涤剂颗粒混合,优选在传送带上,而最优选在旋转的转筒式混合器中。优选的加料顺序是先加洗涤剂颗粒后再加添加剂。优选的是,添加剂应加在其他洗涤附加物(例如香料、去尘剂、助剂和酶)之前加入。
洗涤颗粒可用常规的喷雾干燥法或附聚法制备,但最好是喷雾干燥法。适宜的附聚法描述在Beerse等人,1992年4月28日颁发的美国专利5,108,646(本文引为参考文献)中。适宜的喷雾干燥法描述在美国专利4,963,226(Chamberlain,1990年10月16日颁发)、美国专利3,629,951以及3,629,955(均是Davis等人,1971年12月28日颁发)这三篇文献均作为参考被本文引用。
洗涤剂组合物
本文包括任意常规的颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组分。本文适用的组分见于美国专利5,108,646(见上述);5,045,238(Jolicoeur等人,1991年9月3日颁发);及5,066,425(Ofosu-Asante等人,1991年11月19日颁发),均引为参考文献。
与洗涤添加剂混合的洗涤剂颗粒优选包括(按洗涤颗粒重量计):约1%~90%的去污表面活性剂,较优选约5%~50%的阴离子表面活性剂,最优选约15%~30%的烷基苯磺酸钠和烷基硫酸钠;约0~90%,优选约10%~70%的洗涤助剂,优选是硅铝酸盐、硅酸钠、硫酸钠和/或碳酸钠;约1%~8%的分子量为约2,000~8,000的聚丙烯酸钠;约0.5%~8%的分子量为约4,000~10,000的聚乙二醇;以及约0.001%~1%荧光增亮剂/或荧光增白剂。
其它组分最好在洗涤添加剂之后与洗涤剂颗粒混合,这些组分优选是约1%~15%的柠檬酸,约0.5%~8%的硫酸铵,约0.001%~1%蛋白酶和/或其它酶例如淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶;约0.001%~1%的香料,以及约0.001%~1%的抑泡剂。优选的抑泡剂描述在Baginski等人,1987年3月24日颁发的美国专利4,652,392(本文引为参考文献)中。
本文还包括一种含有上述添加剂,最好是不含磷酸盐的易流性颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物。其优选包括本文的添加剂,(其最好是易流动的颗粒状的),和约1%~15%,最好是5%~7%的柠檬酸。这种易流性颗粒状洗衣洗涤添加剂组合物优选含有:约0.1%~25%,最好是约1%~15%的添加剂,以及99.9%~75%,最好是约99%~85%的洗涤剂颗粒。
较优选最终的洗涤剂组合物含有约2%~60%的洗涤添加剂,约97%~79%的洗涤剂颗粒,以及约1%~15%的柠檬酸或其它附加组分,例如香料,去尘剂,酶和/或助剂。这些组分可在预混物加入之前或之后(优选)与洗涤剂颗粒混合。
下面的实施例可用来说明本发明组合物及其参数。除有注明外,所有百分数,份数和比率均以重量计算。
实施例Ⅰ-Ⅲ
按如下制备颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物。以下将“基础产品”与“PVP对照产品”在%体积密度降低,结块强度和压缩性方面进行比较。首先,将下列组分悬浮水溶液进行喷雾干燥制得洗涤剂基础产品。
洗涤剂基础产品
重量百分比数
C12烷基苯磺酸钠 13.8
C14-C15烷基硫酸钠 6.0
硅铝酸钠(Zeolite A) 27.7
硅酸钠固体(1.6R) 2.4
硫酸钠 29.0
聚丙烯酸钠(MW4500) 3.6
荧光增白剂 0.3
碳酸钠 6.2
聚乙二醇(MW8000) 1.6
水分 8.8
其它惰性物质 平衡
其它组分在滚筒中与洗涤剂基础产品混合如下。
基础产品 PVP对照产品
重量百分比数 重量百分比数
洗涤剂基础产品 91.62 90.62
柠檬酸 5.0 5.0
硫酸铵 2.0 2.0
蛋白酶/淀粉酶 0.9 0.9
(57Au/g/20,000
KNu/g)
香料 0.34 0.34
抑泡剂*0.14 0.14
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 0 1.0
*在聚乙二醇中的5%硅氧烷见美国专利4,652,392。
实施例Ⅰ
两种产品均包装于加衬的硬纸容器内,并放置在室内1周,4周和8周,室内温度每天循环在70°F(21.1℃)和90°F(32.2℃)之间,温度在40%和80%之间。每个周期结束时,对产品的物理性质进行评价(见下面)。
“PVP”对照品”在体积密度和物理性质(如结块强度和压缩性)方面均有明显的降低。
由于大多数洗涤剂产品都接触计量器(如杓子)这种体积密度的降低便变成一种操作损耗。当使用计量器时,较低的体积密度可能导致少于预定计量。结块和引起轰动会严重破坏消费者对洗涤剂产品的印象。对于结块级别为10.0和以上者,产品就很难铲起。相比之下,“基础产品”则未见有如“PVP对照产品”那样的体积密度和物理性质的降低。
结块强度--碎裂被压缩的洗涤剂组合物的柱体所需的力。0是最好的,若在4周之后≥10则判断为可接受。
压缩性--洗涤剂组合物在一个固定的圆筒腔内被施加向下的力时所产生的强度变化的量度。0是最好的。最大值一般为2.0。
实例Ⅱ
“基础产品”和“PVP对照产品”装入加衬的硬纸容器内,在在恒温恒湿的室内放置1周、4周、和8周。室温保持在80°F(26.6℃),而温度保持在60%。如实例I中一样,“PVP对照产品”在密度和物理性质方面(如结块强度和压缩性)均有降低。
实施例Ⅲ
“基础产品”和“PVP对照产品”均装于加衬的硬纸容器内,并在与实例Ⅱ中相同的室内放置。此种情况下,产品放置时间为1周、2周、及4周。本实验中的两种产品均用新的原料制成,实验结果证实了实施例Ⅰ和Ⅱ所观察到的倾向。
结论如实施例Ⅰ-Ⅲ所示,在这些洗涤剂组合物中混入P聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,则对终产品保存于温暖潮湿环境下的流动性,体积密度和结团/结块性质产品不利影响。
实施例Ⅳ
“PVP”对照产品”和“PVP预混物”(本发明中的添加剂)之间的4周贮存稳定性比较实验结果如下。
“PVP预混合产品”的制备是将下述4%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加剂与实施例Ⅰ中所述的96%的基础产品相混合而成。这种组合使得“PVP对照产品”和“PVP预混物”两者终产品中的PVP含量相同。下面列出密度降低,结块强度和压缩性的结果。
PVP预混合物
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(MW10,000) 25%
碳酸钠 55%
硅铝酸钠(Zeolite A) 15%
非离子表面活性剂* 5%
*每摩尔C12-13的醇用6.5摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化。
“PVP预混合物”可通过将PVP,碳酸盐及硅铝酸盐在Eirich混合器中混合后再喷上非离子表面活性剂而制得。
随时间密度降低%
洗涤剂基础产品 PVP对照产品 PVP预混产品
开始 0 0 0
1周 4.5% 6.0% 1.7%
2周 14.4% 16.4% 13.2%
4周 15.9% 20.1% 14.2%
随时间的结块强度
洗涤剂基础产品 PVP对照产品 PVP预混产品
开始 4.8 3.5 5.0
1周 7.2 7.2 7.2
2周 8.5 9.0 9.0
4周 7.5 10.0 8.1
随时间压缩性(毫米)
洗涤剂基础产品 PVP对照产品 PVP预混合产品
开始 0.5 0.4 0.6
1周 0.8 0.8 0.7
2周 1.0 1.0 1.0
4周 1.3 1.8 1.1
结论:PVP预混物可消除混入PVP所致的流动性(%密度时低)及结团/结块方面不利的影响。
实施例Ⅴ-Ⅷ
实施例Ⅳ中的“PVP预混物”可变化如下:
实例V 实例VI
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(MW 10,000) 25% 25%
碳酸钠 35% 15%
硅铝酸钠(Zeolite A) 35% 55%
非离子表面活性剂*5% 5%
*每摩尔C12-13的醇用6.5摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化。
实例VII 实例VIII
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 25% 25%
硫酸钠 35% 15%
硅铝酸钠 35% 55%
阴离子表面活性剂*5% 5%
*C12烷基苯磺酸钠
实施例Ⅸ
含有或不含PVP预混物的颗粒状易流性洗涤剂组合物描述如下。
PVP预混物
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 25%
碳酸钠 35%
硅铝酸钠(Zeolite A) 35%
非离子表面活性剂* 5%
*每摩尔C12-13的醇用6.5摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化。
上述“PVP预混物”的制备方法与实施例Ⅳ相同。其水合剂与精细粉末的比例为1∶1。
对具有下列组成的洗涤剂基础产品进行喷雾干燥。
洗涤剂基础产品
重量百分数
C12烷基苯磺酸钠 15.9
C14-C15烷基硫酸钠 4.5
烷基乙氧基硫酸钠(E1.0) 2.3
硅铝酸钠(Zeolite A) 31.7
硅酸钠固体(1.6R) 2.8
硫酸钠 12.5
聚丙烯酸钠(MW 4500) 4.1
荧光增白剂 0.4
碳酸钠 11.4
聚乙二醇(MW 8000) 2.1
水 11.8
其他惰性物质 平衡
喷雾干燥滚筒中的洗涤剂基础产品的颗粒并混以其他组分如下:
基础产品 PVP预混合对照产品
重量百分数 重量百分数
洗涤剂基础产品 90.22 86.2
柠檬酸 7.0 7.0
过硼酸钠-水合物 1.0 1.0
蛋白酶/淀粉酶 0.9 0.9
(57 Au/g/
20,000
KNu/g)
脂肪酶(5,000,000 0.2 0.2
Lu/g)
纤维素酶(430,000 0.6 0.6
CEUu/g)
硅氧烷抑泡剂 0.1 0.1
PVP添加剂(见 0.0 4.0
实施例V)
总计 100.0 100.0
两种产品均装入加衬的硬纸容器内并在恒温湿的室内放置1周、2周和4周。室温保持在80°F(26.6℃),湿度为60%。
结论:数据表明,改进的添加剂(PVP预混物)配方给出了实施例Ⅳ中所示的优点。预混物可防止将PVP直接混入洗涤剂组合物所带来的不良影响。
Claims (20)
1、一种用于粒状易流性洗衣洗涤剂组合物之中的洗涤添加剂,含有(按添加剂重量计):
(a)约15%~60%分子量约1,000~100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约5%~90%粒径小于约20微米的精细粉末;
(c)约5%~60%水合盐;
(d)约0.5%~30%粘合剂。
2、根据权利要求1的洗涤添加剂,其含有(按添加剂重量计):
(a)约20%~50%分子量约3,000~50,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约10%~80%粒径约为0.1至15微米的精细粉末;
(c)约10%~50%水合盐;
(d)约1%~20%粘合剂。
3、根据权利要求2的洗涤添加剂,其含有(按添加剂重量计):
(a)20%~30%的分子量为5,000~30,000的K值在约10-34之间的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)20%~30%粒径约为1-10微米的精细粉末;
(c)20~40%水合盐;
(d)3%~6%粘合剂。
4、根据权利要求1的洗涤添加剂,其中精细粉末选自于碳酸钙、层状硅酸盐,烘制的硅胶,硅铝酸钠、焦磷酸钠粉末、滑石粉,以及它们的混合物。
5、根据权利要求4的洗涤添加剂,其中水合盐选自于碱金属的碳酸盐、硫酸盐、三聚磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、以及它们的混合物。
6、根据权利要求5的洗涤添加剂,其中精细粉末选自于碳酸钙、滑石粉和硅铝酸钠。
7、根据权利要求6的洗涤添加剂,其中粘合剂选自于非离子表面活性剂,阴离子表面活性剂、水溶性聚合物,以及它们的混合物。
8、根据权利要求7的一种易流动粒状添加剂,其中粘合剂是非离子表面活性剂,并且,粘合剂与精细粉末的比例约为1∶5至1∶2。
9、根据权利要求7的洗涤添加剂,其中水合盐与精细粉末的比例约为1∶3至3∶1。
10、根据权利要求9的洗涤添加剂,其中非离子表面活性剂是每摩尔C12-15醇与约2~20摩尔环聚乙烷的综合产物。
11、根据权利要求10的洗涤添加剂,其中非离子表面活性剂与精细粉末的比例约为1∶7至1∶4,水合盐与精细粉末的比例约为1∶1,并且,水合盐的粒径约为50~200微米。
12、含有如权利要求1所述添加剂的一种易流性粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物。
13、一种不含磷酸盐的易流性粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物,含有约0.1%~25%如权利要求1所述的易流性粒状洗涤添加剂和约99.9%~75%洗涤剂颗粒。
14、根据权利要求12的一种易流性粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物,含有约2%~6%添加剂,约97%~79%洗涤剂颗粒,以及约1%~15%柠檬酸。
15、根据权利要求12的一种易流性粒状洗衣洗涤组合物,其中洗涤剂颗粒含有(按洗涤剂颗粒重量计):约1%~90%去污表面活性剂;约0~90%洗涤助剂;约1%~8%分子量为约2,000~8,000的聚丙烯酸钠;约为0.5%~8%分子量为4,000~10,000的聚乙二醇以及约0.001%~1%荧光增亮剂/荧光增白剂。
16、一种用于制备易流性粒状洗衣洗涤剂组合物的方法,包括:(1)通过混合下列物质制得洗涤添加剂,按添加剂重量计:
(a)约5%~60%分子量约1,000~100,000的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
(b)约5%~90%粒径小于约为20微米的精细粉末;
(c)约5%~60%水合盐;
然后将约0.5~30%的粘合剂喷在其上。
(2)将约0.1%~25%的添加剂与约99.9%~75%的洗涤颗粒相混合。
17、根据权利要求16的一种方法,其中通过喷雾干燥法制备洗涤剂颗粒。
18、根据权利要求17的一种方法,其中步骤(2)主要包括将约1%~15的添加剂与约99%~85%的洗涤剂颗粒相混合。
19、根据权利要求16的一种方法,其中步骤(1)的混合可在选自于下列的混合器中进行:
1)剪切式混合器,2)水平运动的混合器,
3)涡流式混合器,4)高强度混合器,以及
5)滚筒式混合器。
20、根据权利要求16的一种方法,其中洗涤剂颗粒是通过附聚法制备的。
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DE3519012A1 (de) * | 1985-05-25 | 1986-11-27 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Waschmittel mit zusaetzen zur verhinderung der farbstoff- und aufhelleruebertragung |
JPH072955B2 (ja) * | 1985-06-17 | 1995-01-18 | 花王株式会社 | 洗浄剤組成物 |
US4652392A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-03-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Controlled sudsing detergent compositions |
GB8612706D0 (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1986-07-02 | Unilever Plc | Sealable container |
GB8618635D0 (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1986-09-10 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition |
US4954292A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1990-09-04 | Lever Brothers Co. | Detergent composition containing PVP and process of using same |
GB8625475D0 (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1986-11-26 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition |
JP2522659B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-31 | 1996-08-07 | ライオン株式会社 | 柔軟剤組成物 |
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EP0320219B1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1994-03-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
DE3803630A1 (de) * | 1988-02-06 | 1989-08-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschmittelzusatz |
DE3840056A1 (de) * | 1988-11-28 | 1990-05-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zum waschen von verfaerbungsempfindlichen textilien |
US4963226A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-10-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for spray-drying detergent compositions |
GB8902909D0 (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1989-03-30 | Unilever Plc | Coating process |
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-
1992
- 1992-08-03 US US07/924,114 patent/US5259994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-07-23 DE DE69315075T patent/DE69315075T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-23 JP JP6505357A patent/JPH07509525A/ja active Pending
- 1993-07-23 AU AU46862/93A patent/AU4686293A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-23 CA CA002141822A patent/CA2141822C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-23 EP EP93917306A patent/EP0652937B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-23 WO PCT/US1993/006858 patent/WO1994003567A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-07-30 PH PH46615A patent/PH29917A/en unknown
- 1993-08-03 MX MX9304702A patent/MX9304702A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-03 CN CN93117384A patent/CN1039028C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-13 TW TW082107496A patent/TW270941B/zh active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106232522A (zh) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-12-14 | Pq硅石英国有限公司 | 微粒沸石组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0652937B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
TW270941B (zh) | 1996-02-21 |
CA2141822A1 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
AU4686293A (en) | 1994-03-03 |
EP0652937A1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
JPH07509525A (ja) | 1995-10-19 |
WO1994003567A2 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
CN1039028C (zh) | 1998-07-08 |
DE69315075T2 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
MX9304702A (es) | 1995-01-31 |
DE69315075D1 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
US5259994A (en) | 1993-11-09 |
CA2141822C (en) | 1998-12-22 |
WO1994003567A3 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
PH29917A (en) | 1996-08-16 |
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