CN110103444A - 大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN110103444A
CN110103444A CN201810026069.XA CN201810026069A CN110103444A CN 110103444 A CN110103444 A CN 110103444A CN 201810026069 A CN201810026069 A CN 201810026069A CN 110103444 A CN110103444 A CN 110103444A
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CN110103444B (zh
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余汉祥
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SHANGHAI JINHU EXTRUSION EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature

Abstract

本发明涉及一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，该双螺杆挤出机的温度控制装置由加热机构和散热机构组成，所述的锥形双螺杆机构由相互啮合并且轴心相交的第一螺杆和第二螺杆构成，第一螺杆和第二螺杆从大端至小端分别依次设有进料段、预压缩段、压缩段、排气段和混炼段。与现有技术相比，本发明具有优化的螺纹设计、较高的热控制效率。

Description

大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及挤出成型领域，尤其是涉及一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机。
背景技术
挤出机是塑料加工的重要设备，随着工程塑料向高品质化、高性能化、低成本化方向发展，开发新型高效的挤出机成为塑料发展的关键。挤出机按螺杆数量分类，可分为双螺杆型与单螺杆型；按螺杆相对位置分类，可分为啮合型和非啮合型，按螺杆轴线是否平行分类，可分为锥形双螺杆型和平行双螺杆型。
但是目前的锥形双螺杆型挤出机由于螺杆长径比普遍较短，仅适用于特定的塑料加工，运用范围受限，不能满足市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，包括机架、设置在机架上的机筒本体、设置在机筒本体侧壁上的加料口、穿设在机筒本体流道内的锥形双螺杆机构、与锥形双螺杆机构传动连接的螺杆驱动机构以及套设在机筒本体上的多个温度控制装置，所述的温度控制装置由沿物料传送方向依次设置的加热组件和散热组件组成，所述的锥形双螺杆机构由相互啮合并且轴心相交的第一螺杆和第二螺杆构成，所述的第一螺杆和第二螺杆从大端至小端分别依次设有进料段、预压缩段、压缩段、排气段和混炼段。
优选地，进料段、预压缩段、压缩段、排气段和混炼段的螺旋方向相同，进料段、预压缩段、压缩段、排气段和混炼段的螺距之比为1.2～1.5:1～1.2:1:1.5～2:1～1.5。
优选地，所述的预压缩段的长度与压缩段的长度相等。
优选地，所述的螺杆驱动机构包括套设在第一螺杆大端的驱动齿轮、分别套设在第一螺杆和第二螺杆上的两个传动齿轮以及用于带动驱动齿轮转动的螺杆驱动电机。
优选地，所述的加热组件位于加料口处，由套设在机筒本体的加料口处的一个加热套筒和设置在加热套筒内的加热机构组成，所述的散热组件包括多个散热套筒以及设置在各散热套筒上的散热机构，所述的散热套筒依次套设在加热套筒和挤出机出口之间的机筒本体上。
优选地，所述的散热套筒内侧壁和机筒本体外侧壁之间设有导流间隙，散热套筒侧壁上设有两处散热孔阵列，散热机构由扣合在散热套筒外侧壁上一处散热孔阵列处的风箱、设置在风箱内并正对该散热孔阵列的扇叶、固定在风箱上并与扇叶传动连接的扇叶驱动电机、与扇叶驱动电机通讯连接的控制器以及插设在散热套筒侧壁上并与控制器连接的测温探头组成。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)增加了预压缩段，提高了螺杆的长径比(例如本发明的双螺杆的长径比可达17～18)和物料停留时间，且进料段、预压缩段、压缩段的螺距逐渐减小，给予物料一个逐渐增压的过程，稳定性高。
(2)优化的各区段螺距设计，提高了加工过程中的热控制效率。
(3)合理的设置加热及散热组件，不仅能对机筒本体进行加热，而且能够对超温时进行有效的主动散热，进一步提高了热控制效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的螺杆机构的示意图；
图3为本发明的保温套筒的径向剖面示意图。
图中，1为机架，2为机筒本体，3为加料口，4为双螺杆机构，41为第一螺杆，42为第二螺杆，431为进料段，432为预压缩段，433为压缩段，434为排气段，435为混炼段，5为螺杆驱动电机，51为传动齿轮，52为驱动齿轮，6为散热套筒，7为加热套筒，8为导流间隙，9为散热孔阵列，10为风箱，11为扇叶，12为扇叶驱动电机，13为控制器，14为测温探头，15为计量喂料机构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，如图1～2所示，包括机架1、设置在机架1上的机筒本体2、设置在机筒本体2侧壁上的加料口3、穿设在机筒本体2流道内的锥形双螺杆机构4、与锥形双螺杆机构4传动连接的螺杆驱动机构以及套设在机筒本体2上的多个温度控制装置，温度控制装置由沿物料传送方向依次设置的加热组件和散热组件组成，锥形双螺杆机构由相互啮合并且轴心相交的第一螺杆41和第二螺杆42构成，第一螺杆41和第二螺杆42从大端至小端分别依次设有进料段431、预压缩段432、压缩段433、排气段434和混炼段435。
本实施例中，进料段431、预压缩段432、压缩段433、排气段434和混炼段435的螺旋方向相同，进料段431、预压缩段432、压缩段433、排气段434和混炼段435的螺距之比一般为1.2～1.5:1～1.2:1:1.5～2:1～1.5，本实施例中选择1.3:1.2:1:1.6:1.2。并且预压缩段432的长度与压缩段433的长度相等。
如图1和3所示，加料口3一般设有计量喂料机构15，加热组件位于加料口3处，由套设在机筒本体2的加料口3处的一个加热套筒7和设置在该加热套筒7内的加热机构组成，散热组件包括多个散热套筒6以及设置在各散热套筒6上的散热机构，散热套筒6依次套设在加热套筒7和挤出机出口之间的机筒本体2上。散热套筒6内侧壁和机筒本体2外侧壁之间设有导流间隙8，散热套筒6侧壁上设有两处散热孔阵列9，散热机构由扣合在散热套筒6外侧壁上一处散热孔阵列9处的风箱10、设置在风箱10内并正对该散热孔阵列9的扇叶11、固定在风箱10上并与扇叶11传动连接的扇叶驱动电机12、与扇叶驱动电机12通讯连接的控制器13以及插设在散热套筒6侧壁上并与控制器13连接的测温探头14组成，控制器13可以是PLC，如图3所示。
本实施例中的螺杆驱动机构包括套设在第一螺杆41大端的驱动齿轮52、分别套设在第一螺杆41和第二螺杆42上的两个传动齿轮51以及用于带动驱动齿轮52转动的螺杆驱动电机5。
上述对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，包括机架(1)、设置在机架(1)上的机筒本体(2)、设置在机筒本体(2)侧壁上的加料口(3)、穿设在机筒本体(2)流道内的锥形双螺杆机构(4)、与锥形双螺杆机构(4)传动连接的螺杆驱动机构以及套设在机筒本体(2)上的多个温度控制装置，所述的温度控制装置由沿物料传送方向依次设置的加热组件和散热组件组成，所述的锥形双螺杆机构由相互啮合并且轴心相交的第一螺杆(41)和第二螺杆(42)构成，所述的第一螺杆(41)和第二螺杆(42)从大端至小端分别依次设有进料段(431)、预压缩段(432)、压缩段(433)、排气段(434)和混炼段(435)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，进料段(431)、预压缩段(432)、压缩段(433)、排气段(434)和混炼段(435)的螺旋方向相同，进料段(431)、预压缩段(432)、压缩段(433)、排气段(434)和混炼段(435)的螺距之比为1.2～1.5:1～1.2:1:1.5～2:1～1.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，所述的预压缩段(432)的长度与压缩段(433)的长度相等。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，所述的螺杆驱动机构包括套设在第一螺杆(41)大端的驱动齿轮(52)、分别套设在第一螺杆(41)和第二螺杆(42)上的两个传动齿轮(51)以及用于带动驱动齿轮(52)转动的螺杆驱动电机(5)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，所述的加热组件位于加料口(3)处，由套设在机筒本体(2)的加料口(3)处的一个加热套筒(7)和设置在该加热套筒(7)内的加热机构组成，所述的散热组件包括多个散热套筒(6)以及设置在各散热套筒(6)上的散热机构，所述的散热套筒(6)依次套设在加热套筒(7)和挤出机出口之间的机筒本体(2)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的大长径比锥形双螺杆挤出机，其特征在于，所述的散热套筒(6)内侧壁和机筒本体(2)外侧壁之间设有导流间隙(8)，散热套筒(6)侧壁上设有两处散热孔阵列(9)，散热机构由扣合在散热套筒(6)外侧壁上一处散热孔阵列(9)处的风箱(10)、设置在风箱(10)内并正对该散热孔阵列(9)的扇叶(11)、固定在风箱(10)上并与扇叶(11)传动连接的扇叶驱动电机(12)、与扇叶驱动电机(12)通讯连接的控制器(13)以及插设在散热套筒(6)侧壁上并与控制器(13)连接的测温探头(14)组成。
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