CN110091864A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110091864A
CN110091864A CN201910061180.7A CN201910061180A CN110091864A CN 110091864 A CN110091864 A CN 110091864A CN 201910061180 A CN201910061180 A CN 201910061180A CN 110091864 A CN110091864 A CN 110091864A
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Prior art keywords
air temperature
soc
engine
temperature
inlet air
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Granted
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CN201910061180.7A
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CN110091864B (zh
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松本有史
森岛彰纪
伊吹卓
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K13/00—Arrangement in connection with combustion air intake or gas exhaust of propulsion units
    • B60K13/02—Arrangement in connection with combustion air intake or gas exhaust of propulsion units concerning intake
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60W10/16—Axle differentials, e.g. for dividing torque between left and right wheels
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

在混合动力车辆中，使得能够确保从正在利用马达行驶的状态使发动机再启动时的发动机的燃烧稳定性。控制装置，在要求负荷比阈值负荷高的情况下选择发动机来作为车辆的动力装置，在要求负荷为阈值负荷以下的情况下选择马达来作为动力装置。控制装置根据电池的SOC设定阈值负荷，至少在预定SOC范围中，电池的SOC越低则越降低阈值负荷。另外，控制装置在选择马达来作为动力装置的情况下，通过进气温度可变系统的操作将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为目标进气温度。控制装置根据电池的SOC设定目标进气温度，至少在预定SOC范围中电池的SOC越低则越提高目标进气温度。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及能够选择利用马达的行驶和利用发动机的行驶的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
已知进气温度会影响发动机的燃烧稳定性。在日本特开2002-317640号公报中公开了如下技术：在发动机正在低负荷区域运转的情况下，通过与在中、高负荷区域运转的情况相比提高进气温度来确保发动机的燃烧稳定性。
现有技术文献
专利文献1：日本特开2002-317640号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在能够选择利用马达进行行驶和利用发动机进行行驶的混合动力车辆的情况下，反复进行发动机的停止和再启动。从正在利用马达行驶的状态使发动机再启动时，发动机的负荷依存于马达行驶时的运转状态。根据再启动时的负荷与进气温度之间的关系的不同，发动机的燃烧稳定性有可能恶化，无法很好地再启动发动机。
本发明鉴于上述问题而提出的，其目的在于，在混合动力车辆中能够确保从正在利用马达行驶的状态使发动机再启动时的发动机的燃烧稳定性。
用于解决问题的技术方案
本发明涉及的混合动力车辆是具有行驶用的发动机、行驶用的马达、以及蓄积向马达供给的电力的电池的混合动力车辆。本发明涉及的混合动力车辆具备使运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度发生变化的进气温度可变系统和控制装置。控制装置构成为至少执行以下第一处理至第四处理。
在第一处理中，在要求负荷比阈值负荷高的情况下，控制装置选择发动机来作为车辆的动力装置，在要求负荷为阈值负荷以下的情况下，控制装置选择马达来作为动力装置。在第二处理中，控制装置根据电池的SOC(State of Charge)设定在第一处理中使用的阈值负荷，至少在预定SOC范围中，SOC越低，则越降低阈值负荷。控制装置通过执行第一和第二处理，至少在预定SOC范围中，SOC越高则进行利用马达的行驶的马达行驶区域向越高负荷侧扩大；SOC越低，则进行利用马达的行驶的马达行驶区域向越低负荷侧缩小。
在第三处理中，控制装置在选择马达作为动力装置的情况下，通过进气温度可变系统的操作将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为目标进气温度。在第四处理中，控制装置根据电池的SOC设定在第三处理中使用的目标进气温度，至少在预定SOC范围中，SOC越低，则越提高目标进气温度。通过控制装置执行第三和第四处理，就运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度而言，至少在预定SOC范围中，电池的SOC越低，则将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为越低温；电池的SOC越低，则将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为越高温。
根据上述结构，电池的SOC低而将马达行驶区域向低负荷侧缩小的结果是，在低负荷区域使发动机再启动的可能性提高了的情况下，运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度被控制为高温。而且，至少在预定SOC范围中，将马达行驶区域越向较低负荷侧缩小，则越将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为较高温。通过进行这样的进气温度的控制，能够确保发动机再启动时的燃烧稳定性。
另外，根据上述结构，电池的SOC高而将马达行驶区域向高负荷侧扩大的结果是，在发动机在低负荷区域再启动的可能性降低了的情况下，运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度被控制为低温。而且，至少在预定SOC范围中，马达行驶区域越向较高负荷侧扩大，则越将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为较低温。由此，能够一边确保发动机再启动时的燃烧稳定性，一边实现NOx的排出的降低和燃料效率的提高。
控制装置也可以构成为：在第四处理中，在电池的SOC比预定SOC范围低的情况下，将目标进气温度设定为预定的上限温度。另外，控制装置也可以构成为：在第四处理中，在电池的SOC比预定SOC范围高的情况下，将目标进气温度设定为预定的下限温度。通过对目标进气温度设置上限温度，能够防止NOx的排出的恶化和燃料效率的恶化；通过对目标进气温度设置下限温度，能够防止燃烧稳定性的恶化。
控制装置也可以构成为：在电池的温度比预定温度范围高的情况下，在第二处理中，将阈值负荷向低负荷侧校正，在第四处理中向高温侧校正目标进气温度。另外，控制装置也可以构成为：在电池的温度比预定温度范围低的情况下，在第二处理中将阈值负荷向低负荷侧校正，在第四处理中将目标进气温度向高温侧校正。电池的温度会影响电池的充放电，在比适当的温度范围高的温度下、比适当的温度范围低的温度下均限制电池的充放电。因此，通过进行这样的校正，能够抑制电池的温度的影响，确保发动机再启动时的燃烧稳定性。
控制装置也可以构成为：在第四处理中，在马达或其控制系统发生了异常的情况下，将目标进气温度设定为预定的上限温度。在发生了异常的情况下，不知道在哪个运转区域中进行从马达向发动机的动力装置的切换。因此，通过假想发动机的燃烧稳定性容易恶化的低负荷区域中的切换，将运转停止期间的发动机的进气温度控制为上限温度，能够确保发动机再启动时的燃烧稳定性。
发明的效果
如以上所述，根据本发明涉及的混合动力车辆，能够确保从正在利用马达进行行驶的状态使发动机再启动时的发动机的燃烧稳定性。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的实施方式涉及的混合动力车辆的混合动力系统的结构的图。
图2是示出本发明的实施方式涉及的混合动力车辆的控制装置的功能的框图。
图3是示出行驶模式切换线与目标进气温度之间的关系的图。
图4是示出电池的SOC、行驶模式切换线的位置以及目标进气温度之间的关系的图。
图5是详细示出电池的SOC与目标进气温度的关系的图。
图6是示出进气温度控制的流程图。
图7是示出用于在燃料切断期间和发动机运转期间中的每一个期间算出目标进气温度的结构的框图。
图8是示出用于在燃料切断期间和发动机运转期间中的每一个期间算出目标进气温度的结构的第一变形例的框图。
图9是示出用于在燃料切断期间和发动机运转期间中的每一个期间算出目标进气温度的结构的第二变形例的框图。
图10是示出电池温度、行驶模式切换线以及目标进气温度之间的关系的图。
图11是详细示出电池温度与温度校正量的关系的图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。其中，在以下示出的实施方式中提及各要素的个数、数量、量、范围等数的情况下，除了特别明示的情况、原理上明确确定为该数的情况以外，本发明并不限定于该提及的数量。另外，在以下示出的实施方式中说明的构造、步骤等除了特别明示的情况、原理上明确地确定为该构造、步骤等的情况以外，在本发明中并不是必需的。
1.混合动力车辆的混合动力系统的结构
图1是示出本实施方式涉及的混合动力车辆的混合动力系统的结构的图。如图1所示，作为用于使车轮16旋转驱动的一个动力装置，混合动力车辆2具备发动机4。发动机4是通过汽油或轻油等烃类燃料的燃烧从而输出动力的内燃机，具备进气装置、排气装置、燃料喷射装置、点火装置、冷却装置以及EGR装置等。在图1中描绘有进气装置和EGR装置中的每一个的结构。
图1所示的进气装置是带增压器的进气装置。在将空气取入发动机4的进气通路30中设置有使空气增压的涡轮增压器32。在进气通路30中的涡轮增压器32的下游，设置有将经增压的空气进行冷却的中间冷却器34、将中间冷却器34进行旁通的旁通通路36以及在中间冷却器34与旁通通路36之间调整空气通过的比率的通过比率调整阀38。在进气通路30中的通过比率调整阀38的下游，设置有用于调整吸入到发动机4的空气的流量的节气门40。
图1所示的EGR装置是HPL-EGR装置。从未图示的排气通路中的涡轮增压器32的涡轮的上游分支的EGR通路42与进气通路30中的节气门40的下游连接。在EGR通路42上设置有将EGR气体冷却的EGR冷却器44、将EGR冷却器44旁通的旁通通路46以及在EGR冷却器44与旁通通路46之间调整EGR气体通过的比率的通过比率调整阀48。在EGR通路42中的通过比率调整阀48的下游，设置有用于调整再循环到发动机4的EGR气体的流量的EGR阀50。
具有上述结构的进气装置和EGR装置构成使运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度发生变化的进气温度可变系统60。此外，发动机4的运转停止期间是指进行燃料切断，并不是指发动机4的旋转停止。以下，关于进气温度可变系统60使进气温度发生变化的方法，示出几个例子。在进气温度可变系统60中采用例示的方法中的至少一个方法。
第一例.通过利用通过比率调整阀48改变通过EGR冷却器44的EGR气体的比率，使再循环到发动机4的EGR气体的温度变化。
第二例.通过调整EGR阀50的开度，使再循环到发动机4的EGR气体的流量变化。
第三例.通过利用通过比率调整阀38改变通过中间冷却器34的空气(新鲜空气)的比率，使供给到发动机4的空气的温度变化。
第四例.通过调整节气门40的开度，使供给到发动机4的空气的流量变化。
第五例.通过改变EGR冷却器44的冷却水的温度，使再循环到发动机4的EGR气体的温度变化。作为具体的方法，可列举向散热器的冷却水供给的打开/关闭或散热器的通过水量的调整、散热器风扇的打开/关闭或转速的调整、加热器的打开/关闭或加热能力的调整等方法。
第六例.通过改变中间冷却器34的冷却水的温度，使供给到发动机4的空气的温度变化。具体的方法与第五例相同。
第七例.在涡轮增压器32具备驱动压缩机的马达的情况下，通过调整其转速，使供给到发动机4的空气的流量变化。
第八例.在进气通路30中的节气门40的下游或EGR通路42中的EGR阀50的下游设置加热器，通过加热器的打开/关闭或其加热能力的调整，使进气温度变化。
再次返回到与混合动力系统的结构相关的说明。作为用于使车轮16旋转驱动的其他动力装置，混合动力车辆2具备作为能够发电的电动机的第一电动发电机6和第二电动发电机8。第一电动发电机6和第二电动发电机8是兼具作为利用供给的电力输出转矩的马达的功能和作为将输入的机械动力转换为电力的发电机的功能的交流同步型电动发电机。第一电动发电机6主要作为发电机使用，第二电动发电机8主要作为马达使用。以下，为了使发明容易理解，将第一电动发电机6仅表述为发电机6，将第二电动发电机8仅表述为马达8。
发动机4、发电机6以及马达8利用动力传递机构10与车轮16连结。动力传递机构10包含动力分配机构12和减速机构14。动力分配机构12例如是行星齿轮单元，将从发动机4输出的转矩向发电机6和车轮16分配。从发动机4输出的转矩或从马达8输出的转矩经由减速机构14传递给车轮16。
发电机6利用经由动力分配机构12供给的转矩进行再生发电而产生电力。在没有从发动机4和马达8输出转矩的状态下，通过进行利用发电机6的电力再生，制动力从发电机6经由动力传递机构10传递给车轮16，混合动力车辆2减速。即，混合动力车辆2能够进行利用发电机6的再生制动。
发电机6和马达8经由逆变器(inverter)18和转换器(converter)20与电池22进行电力的授受。逆变器18将存储于电池22的电力从直流变换为交流并向马达8供给，并且将利用发电机6发电产生的电力从交流变换为直流并存储于电池22。因此，电池22利用在发电机6产生的电力进行充电，通过由马达8消耗的电力进行放电。
混合动力车辆2具备控制装置70。控制装置70操作发动机4、发电机6、马达8以及动力传递机构10等，并控制混合动力车辆2的行驶。另外，控制装置70从电池22取得电压信息，并基于电压信息监视电池22的SOC(State of Charge：充电状态)。此外，控制装置70是具有至少一个处理器和至少一个存储器的ECU(Electronic Control Unit：电子控制单元)。在存储器中存储有用于控制混合动力车辆2的各种程序、各种数据(包含映射)。通过由处理器执行存储在存储器中的程序，从而在控制装置70中实现各种功能。控制装置70可以由多个ECU构成。
2.混合动力车辆的控制装置的功能
图2是示出控制装置70的功能的一部分的框图。在图2中，提取控制装置70具有的各种功能中的特别是与从利用马达8的行驶向利用发动机4的行驶的切换相关的功能并用块表达。控制装置70除此以外还具备各种功能，但省略对它们的图示。在图2中，按功能分配处理单元72、74、76、78。其中，各处理单元72、74、76、78不是作为硬件存在，而是在由处理器执行存储于存储器的程序时假想地实现。以下，参照图3、图4以及图5说明各处理单元72、74、76、78的功能。
第一处理单元72根据混合动力系统所要求的负荷在发动机4和马达8之间进行动力装置的切换。在该切换中，例如，使用在图3中示出图像的映射。在该映射中，行驶模式切换线由负荷和发动机转速规定。在混合动力车辆2的行驶模式中具有仅利用马达8行驶的马达行驶模式和主要利用发动机4行驶的发动机行驶模式。行驶模式切换线是作为选择马达行驶模式的运转区域的马达行驶区域与作为选择发动机行驶模式的运转区域的发动机行驶区域的边界线，并且是规定每个发动机转速的阈值负荷的线。第一处理单元72，在要求负荷比根据发动机转速决定的阈值负荷高的情况下选择发动机4来作为动力装置，在要求负荷为根据发动机转速决定的阈值负荷以下的情况下，选择马达8来作为动力装置。
第二处理单元74根据电池22的SOC设定在第一处理单元72中使用的每个发动机转速的阈值负荷。也就是说，如图4所示，根据电池22的SOC设定行驶模式切换线的负荷方向的位置。在电池22的SOC高的情况下，由于在电池22中存储有可供马达行驶使用的充足的电力，所以能够扩大马达行驶区域。由此，电池22的SOC越高，则第二处理单元74将行驶模式切换线向越高负荷侧设定。换言之，电池22的SOC越高，则越提高每个发动机转速的阈值负荷。但是，马达行驶区域的负荷具有上限。因此，在电池22的SOC比预定的上方阈值高的情况下，不使行驶模式切换线进一步向高负荷侧移动，而将行驶模式切换线保持在预定的上限线。
另一方面，在电池22的SOC低的情况下，由于在电池22中没有存储有可供马达行驶使用的充足的电力，所以不得不缩小马达行驶区域。由此，电池22的SOC越低，则第二处理单元74将行驶模式切换线向越低负荷侧设定。换言之，电池22的SOC越低，则越降低每个发动机转速的阈值负荷。但是，发动机行驶区域的负荷具有下限。因此，在电池22的SOC比预定的下方阈值低的情况下，不使行驶模式切换线进一步向低负荷侧移动，而将行驶模式切换线保持在预定的下限线。
以上通过进行阈值负荷的设定，在由上方阈值和下方阈值规定的SOC范围中，电池22的SOC越高，则马达行驶区域向越高负荷侧扩大；电池22的SOC越低，则马达行驶区域向越低负荷侧缩小。此外，阈值负荷相对于上述SOC范围中的SOC的变化可以是连续地变化，也可以是阶梯地变化。
接着，使用图3、图4以及图5，针对第三处理单元76和第四处理单元78的各功能进行说明。
第三处理单元76在选择马达8作为动力装置的情况下，通过进气温度可变系统60的操作将运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度控制为目标进气温度。目标进气温度是在使发动机4再启动的情况下能够确保发动机4的燃烧稳定性的温度。在将发动机转速设为一定时，发动机4再启动时的燃烧稳定性由相对于负荷的进气温度决定。具体而言，为了确保发动机4的燃烧稳定性，负荷越低，则需要越提高进气温度。但是，从正在利用马达8行驶的状态使发动机4再启动时，发动机4的负荷和转速依存于马达行驶时的运转状态。因此，不知道发动机4在发动机行驶区域内的哪个工作点启动。
如图3所示，行驶模式切换线上的阈值负荷随着发动机转速变高而降低，在发动机转速到达上限转速时成为最小。该上限转速下的阈值负荷是再启动时发动机4能取的最小负荷。根据用于确保燃烧稳定性的负荷与进气温度之间的关系，在发动机4的启动时所要求的进气温度在最小负荷下成为最高。为了使再启动时的发动机4的燃烧稳定性变可靠而与再启动时的负荷和转速无关，需要将假想的最高进气温度设为目标进气温度。因此，在本实施方式中，在发动机4在行驶马达切换线上的上限转速所对应的工作点再启动的情况下，将能够可靠地确保燃烧稳定性的温度设定为目标进气温度。此外，通过进气温度可变系统60的操作进行的进气温度的控制方法如上所述。
第四处理单元78根据电池22的SOC，设定在第三处理单元76中使用的目标进气温度。如图4所示，行驶模式切换线的负荷方向的位置根据电池22的SOC设定。因此，行驶模式切换线上的上限转速所对应的工作点(以下，称为临界工作点)根据SOC变化。具体而言，电池22的SOC越低，则临界工作点向越低负荷侧移动；SOC越高，则临界工作点向越高负荷侧移动。如上所述，目标进气温度是发动机4在临界工作点再启动的情况下能够可靠地确保燃烧稳定性的温度。因此，如果临界工作点向高负荷侧移动，则需要降低目标进气温度；如果临界工作点向低负荷侧移动，则需要提高目标进气温度。此外，在临界工作点向高负荷侧移动了的情况下降低目标进气温度的理由是，为了在能够确保燃烧稳定性的范围内尽可能实现NOx的排出的降低和燃料效率的提高。根据这样的SOC、临界工作点以及目标进气温度之间的关系，电池22的SOC越低，则第四处理单元78将目标进气温度设定为越高；电池22的SOC越高，则第四处理单元75将目标进气温度设定为越低。
在目标进气温度的设定中，例如能使用在图5中示出图像的SOC-目标进气温度映射。在该映射中，在电池22的SOC比上方阈值高的情况下，由于行驶模式切换线保持在预定的上限线，所以目标进气温度保持为下限温度。在电池22的SOC比下方阈值低的情况下，由于行驶切换线保持在预定的下限线，所以目标进气温度保持为上限温度。而且，在由上方阈值和下方阈值规定的SOC范围中，电池22的SOC越高，则运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度被控制为越低温；电池22的SOC越低，则运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度被控制为越高温。此外，上述SOC范围中的目标进气温度相对于SOC的变化既可以是图5所示的连续的变化，也可以是阶梯的变化。
根据具有上述功能的控制装置70，电池22的SOC低而将马达行驶区域向低负荷侧缩小了的结果是，在低负荷区域发动机4再启动的可能性提高了的情况下，运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度被控制为高温。而且，在由上方阈值和下方阈值规定的SOC范围中，马达行驶区域越向较低负荷侧缩小，则运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度越被控制为较高温。通过进行这样的进气温度的控制，能够确保发动机4再启动时的燃烧稳定性。
另外，电池22的SOC高而将马达行驶区域向高负荷侧扩大了的结果是，在低负荷区域发动机4再启动的可能性降低了的情况下，运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度被控制为低温。而且，在由上方阈值和下方阈值规定的SOC范围中，马达行驶区域越向较高负荷侧扩大，则运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度越被控制为较低温。由此，能够一边确保发动机4再启动时的燃烧稳定性，一边实现NOx的排出的降低和燃料效率的提高。
3.利用控制装置进行的进气温度控制
使用图6说明由控制装置70执行的发动机4的进气温度控制。控制装置70以预定的控制周期反复实施图6的流程图所示的处理。
首先，在步骤S1中，判定是否是发动机4的燃料切断期间，即，是否正在进行利用马达行驶模式的行驶。在不是发动机4的燃料切断期间的情况下，进行步骤S5的处理。在步骤S5中，实施发动机4正在运转时的通常的进气温度控制。在通常的进气温度控制中，根据要求负荷和发动机转速算出发动机运转期间的目标进气温度。此外，通常的进气温度控制的“通常”是指并不是燃料切断期间所实施的进气温度控制这样的特别的控制。
在是发动机4的燃料切断期间的情况下，进行步骤S2的处理。在步骤S2中，判定混合动力系统是否正常。详细而言，判定在马达8、电池22、逆变器18等、马达8及其控制系统中是否产生会导致不能进行马达行驶的异常。该判定例如通过车辆具备的自诊断功能来进行。
在混合动力系统正常的情况下，进行步骤S3的处理。在步骤S3中，使用上述的SOC-目标进气温度映射算出与电池22的SOC对应的目标进气温度。根据时刻变化的电池22的SOC，按控制周期更新目标进气温度。
另一方面，在混合动力系统产生了异常的情况下，进行步骤S4的处理。在步骤S4中，将目标进气温度设定为上限温度。在混合动力系统发生了异常的情况下，不知道在哪个运转区域进行动力装置向发动机4的切换。因此，在本实施方式中，假想在发动机4的燃烧稳定性容易恶化的低负荷区域的切换，将运转停止期间的发动机4的进气温度控制为上限温度。由此，能够在由于混合动力系统的异常而再启动发动机4的情况下，确保再启动时的燃烧稳定性。
根据上述流程图，在燃料切断期间和发动机运转期间用各自的方法算出目标进气温度。在图7中用框图示出用于实现该算出的第四处理单元78的结构。第四处理单元78由第一单元82、第二单元84以及第三单元86构成。第一单元82根据发动机转速和负荷算出发动机运转期间的目标进气温度。第二单元84根据电池22的SOC算出燃料切断期间的目标进气温度。由第一单元82算出的目标进气温度和由第二单元84算出的目标进气温度输入到第三单元86。第三单元86根据是否为燃料切断期间，进行最终设定的目标进气温度的切换。在该框图中，第一单元82的处理相当于步骤S5的处理，第二单元84的处理相当于步骤S3的处理，第三单元86的处理相当于步骤S1的处理。
图8是示出用于算出目标进气温度的第四处理单元78的结构的第一变形例的框图。在第一变形例中，第四处理单元78由第一单元92、第二单元94以及第三单元96构成。第一单元92根据发动机转速和负荷算出发动机运转期间的目标进气温度。由第一单元92算出的目标进气温度是最终设定的目标进气温度的基础值。第二单元94根据电池22的SOC算出燃料切断期间的目标进气温度的下限值。该下限值与使用上述SOC-目标进气温度映射算出的目标进气温度相等。第三单元96将由下限值保护(guard)目标进气温度的基础值而得到的温度设定为目标进气温度。
图9是示出用于算出目标进气温度的第四处理单元78的结构的第二变形例的框图。在第二变形例中，第四处理单元78由第一单元102、第二单元104以及第三单元106构成。第一单元102根据发动机转速和负荷算出发动机运转期间的目标进气温度。由第一单元102算出的目标进气温度是最终设定的目标进气温度的基础值。第二单元104根据电池22的SOC算出燃料切断期间的目标进气温度相对于发动机运转期间的目标进气温度的校正量。发动机运转期间的校正量设为零。第三单元106将目标进气温度的基础值与校正量相加而得到的温度设定为目标进气温度。
4.其他实施方式
电池22的温度影响向电池22的充电和从电池22的放电中的每一个。电池22存在适当的温度范围，在比该温度范围高的温度或比该温度范围低的温度下，均限制电池22的充放电。在限制电池22的充放电的状况下，利用马达8的行驶也受到制约。因此，如图10所示，在电池22的温度从适当的温度范围偏离的情况下，使行驶模式切换线向低负荷侧移动而缩小马达行驶区域。
如果向低负荷侧移动行驶模式切换线，则行驶模式切换线上的上限转速所对应的临界工作点也向低负荷侧移动。如果临界工作点向低负荷侧移动，则为了确保燃烧稳定性，应向高温侧校正目标进气温度。图11是详细地示出电池22的温度与对目标进气温度的温度校正量的关系的图。在电池22的温度比预定温度范围高的情况下和比预定温度范围低的情况的每一个情况下，均向高温侧校正目标进气温度。通过进行这样的校正，能够抑制电池22的温度的影响，并确保发动机4再启动时的燃烧稳定性。此外，如图11所示，温度校正量可以在预定温度范围之内和之外离散地变化，也可以连续或阶梯地变化。
标号说明
2 混合动力车辆
4 发动机
6 发电机(第一电动发电机)
8 马达(第二电动发电机)
10 动力传递机构
16 车轮
22 电池
30 进气通路
32 涡轮增压器
34 中间冷却器
36 旁通通路
38 通过比率调整阀
40 节气门
42 EGR通路
44 EGR冷却器
46 旁通通路
48 通过比率调整阀
50 EGR阀
60 进气温度可变系统
70 控制装置

Claims (6)

1.一种混合动力车辆，具有行驶用的发动机、行驶用的马达、以及蓄积向所述马达供给的电力的电池，其特征在于，具备：
进气温度可变系统，使运转停止期间的所述发动机的进气温度发生变化；和
控制装置，
所述控制装置构成为执行：
第一处理，在要求负荷比阈值负荷高的情况下选择所述发动机来作为车辆的动力装置，在所述要求负荷为所述阈值负荷以下的情况下选择所述马达来作为所述动力装置，
第二处理，是根据所述电池的SOC设定所述阈值负荷的处理，该处理中，至少在预定SOC范围中，所述SOC越低，则越降低所述阈值负荷；
第三处理，在选择了所述马达来作为所述动力装置的情况下，通过所述进气温度可变系统的操作将运转停止期间的所述发动机的进气温度控制为目标进气温度；以及
第四处理，是根据所述SOC设定所述目标进气温度的处理，该处理中，至少在所述预定SOC范围中，所述SOC越低，则越提高所述目标进气温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，
在所述第四处理中，在所述SOC比所述预定SOC范围低的情况下，所述控制装置将所述目标进气温度设定为预定的上限温度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，
在所述第四处理中，在所述SOC比所述预定SOC范围高的情况下，所述控制装置将所述目标进气温度设定为预定的下限温度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，
在所述电池的温度比预定温度范围高的情况下，
在所述第二处理中，所述控制装置将所述阈值负荷向低负荷侧校正，
在所述第四处理中，所述控制装置将所述目标进气温度向高温侧校正。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，
在所述电池的温度比预定温度范围低的情况下，
在所述第二处理中，所述控制装置将所述阈值负荷向低负荷侧校正，
在所述第四处理中，所述控制装置将所述目标进气温度向高温侧校正。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，
在所述第四处理中，在所述马达或所述马达的控制系统发生了异常的情况下，所述控制装置将所述目标进气温度设定为预定的上限温度。
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