CN110090744A - 具有声学聚焦装置的超声雾化器 - Google Patents

具有声学聚焦装置的超声雾化器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110090744A
CN110090744A CN201910093249.4A CN201910093249A CN110090744A CN 110090744 A CN110090744 A CN 110090744A CN 201910093249 A CN201910093249 A CN 201910093249A CN 110090744 A CN110090744 A CN 110090744A
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atomizer
focusing device
acoustic
nozzle plate
hole
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刘婉娇
凯文·理查德·约翰·埃尔伍德
马克·爱德华·尼克尔斯
克里斯多夫·迈克尔·佐伊贝特
斯科特·亚当斯
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Ford Motor Co
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Ford Motor Co
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    • B05B17/04Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0638Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers spray being produced by discharging the liquid or other fluent material through a plate comprising a plurality of orifices
    • B05B17/0646Vibrating plates, i.e. plates being directly subjected to the vibrations, e.g. having a piezoelectric transducer attached thereto
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    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B15/625Arrangements for supporting spraying apparatus, e.g. suction cups designed to be placed on the ground
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05B17/00Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B17/06Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • B05B17/063Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
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    • B05B17/06Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0653Details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本公开提供了“具有声学聚焦装置的超声雾化器”。一种用于涂敷涂层的雾化器,包括喷嘴板、执行器和声学聚焦装置。所述喷嘴板限定至少一个孔。所述执行器被配置成振荡以在流体内形成压力波,从而从所述喷嘴板喷射所述流体。所述声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述孔聚焦。

Description

具有声学聚焦装置的超声雾化器
技术领域
本公开涉及高容量涂覆设备,并且更具体地涉及具有聚焦装置的流体雾化器。
背景技术
本部分中的说明仅仅提供与本公开相关的背景信息,并且可以不构成现有技术。
在大批量生产环境中利用涂层(例如,底漆、底涂层、透明涂层等)涂覆机动车辆(例如,车架、车身、面板等)涉及大量的资金成本,不仅用于涂敷和控制涂层,还用于用以捕获过喷喷涂物(overspray)的设备。过喷喷涂物可以高达离开涂敷器的涂层的40%,或者换句话说,所购买和涂敷的涂层有高达40%被浪费(即,转移效率为约60%)。在建造喷漆车间时,捕获过喷喷涂物的设备涉及大量资金费用,包括使过喷喷涂物向下通过喷漆室的大型空气处理系统,在喷漆室地板下流动以捕获过喷喷涂物的连续水流的结构,过滤系统和治理等。此外,操作设备的成本很高,因为必须调节流过喷漆室的空气(以大于每分钟200,000立方英尺的速度流动),必须保持水流,必须提供压缩空气,并且应用复杂的静电学以提高转移效率。
利用已知的生产设备,液体涂层通过喷嘴雾化,所述喷嘴包括旋转钟罩,所述旋转钟罩基本上是旋转盘或碗状物,其以每分钟约20,000-80,000转旋转。液体通常从旋转盘表面上的环形缝隙喷射,并且经由离心力朝向钟罩的边缘推动。然后,液体在钟罩的边缘处形成带状物,并且然后形成液滴。尽管该设备用于其预期目的,但是由于其设计而出现各种问题。首先,液体涂层的动量大部分是横向的,这表示它在平行于车辆而不是朝向车辆的方向上移动。为了补偿这种运动,施加成形空气,所述成形空气使液滴朝向车辆重新定向。此外,使用静电学将液滴引导朝向车辆。液滴具有相当宽的尺寸分布,这可能引起外观问题。
超声雾化是产生具有窄尺寸分布的液滴的有效手段,所述液滴具有垂直于涂敷器表面(例如,朝向车辆的表面)的液滴动量。然而,粘性涂层可能需要从用于超声雾化的小孔径尺寸喷射大量能量。
本公开解决了与传统的大批量生产喷漆室操作相关联的这些问题。
发明内容
本部分提供对本公开的总体概述并且不是本公开的全部范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
在一种形式中,一种用于涂敷涂层的雾化器包括喷嘴板、执行器和声学聚焦装置。所述喷嘴板限定至少一个孔。所述执行器被配置成使所述喷嘴板振荡以在流体内形成压力波,从而从所述喷嘴板喷射流体。所述声学聚焦装置被配置成使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。在本公开的各种替代形式中:所述声学聚焦装置是声学反射器,所述声学反射器具有面向所述喷嘴板的凹形侧面;所述声学聚焦装置的焦点位于所述至少一个孔处;所述至少一个孔是多个孔;所述声学聚焦装置使压力波朝向所述多个孔聚焦;所述雾化器还包括多个所述声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述孔中相应的一个孔聚焦;所述雾化器还包括多个所述喷嘴板和多个所述执行器,每个执行器被配置成使所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板振荡,其中所述雾化器包括多个声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置与所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板相关联;所述执行器与所述喷嘴板一体形成;所述执行器是压电材料。
在另一种形式中,一种用于涂敷涂层的雾化器包括喷嘴板、执行器和声学聚焦装置。所述喷嘴板限定至少一个孔。所述执行器被配置成使流体振荡以在所述流体中形成压力波。所述声学聚焦装置设置在所述执行器和所述喷嘴板之间并且被配置成使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。在本公开的各种替代形式中:所述声学聚焦装置是声学透镜,所述声学透镜具有面向所述至少一个孔的凹形侧面;所述声学聚焦装置被配置成使得通过所述声学聚焦装置的声速沿着所述声学聚焦装置变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦;所述声学聚焦装置包括设置成平行于所述喷嘴板的平面体,通过所述平面体的所述声速贯穿所述平面体变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦;所述声学聚焦装置的密度沿着所述声学聚焦装置变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦;所述至少一个孔是多个孔;所述声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述多个孔聚焦;所述雾化器还包括多个声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述孔中相应的一个孔聚焦;所述雾化器还包括多个所述喷嘴板和多个所述执行器,每个执行器被配置成使所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板振荡,其中所述雾化器包括多个声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置与所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板相关联。
在又一种形式中,一种用于涂敷涂层的雾化器包括喷嘴板、执行器和贮存器。所述喷嘴板限定孔。所述执行器与所述喷嘴板间隔开。所述贮存器在所述喷嘴板和所述执行器之间。所述执行器被配置成振荡以通过所述贮存器中的流体形成压力波。所述执行器被成形为使所述压力波聚焦,使得所述压力波随着更加靠近所述喷嘴板而变得更聚焦。在本公开的各种替代形式中的一种中:所述执行器是具有弯曲形状的压电元件,所述弯曲形状具有朝向所述喷嘴板的焦点。
另外的应用领域将根据本文提供的描述而变得显而易见。应当理解,描述和具体示例旨在仅出于说明的目的,而不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本公开,现在将参考附图通过示例的方式描述其各种形式,在附图中:
图1是根据本公开的教导的示例性涂层喷涂系统的平面视图;
图2示意性地描绘了图1的喷涂系统的涂敷器的平面视图,所述涂敷器具有根据本公开的教导的微型涂敷器阵列;
图3示意性地描绘了图2的涂敷器的一部分,示出微型涂敷器中的一个微型涂敷器;
图4示意性地描绘了图3中的截面4-4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图5示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第二结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图6示意性地描绘了图5的侧剖视图的一部分;
图7示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第三结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图8示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第四结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图9示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第五结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图10示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第六结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;
图11示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第七结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴;并且
图12示意性地描绘了类似于图4的侧剖视图,示出了根据本公开的教导的具有第八结构的声学聚焦装置的喷嘴。
本文所描述的附图仅出于说明的目的,而不旨在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,而并不旨在限制本公开、应用或用途。应当理解,贯穿附图,相应的附图标记指示相似的或相应的零件和特征。提供了示例以将本公开的范围完全传达给本领域技术人员。阐述了许多具体细节,诸如具体部件的类型、设备和方法,以提供对本公开的变型的透彻理解。对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,不需要采用具体细节,并且本文提供的示例可以包括替代实施例,而并不旨在限制本公开的范围。在一些示例中,没有详细描述众所周知的过程、众所周知的装置结构和众所周知的技术。
本公开提供了用于在高产量环境中控制对机动车辆涂敷涂料的各种装置、方法和系统,其减少过喷喷涂物并提高涂料的转移效率。应当理解,对机动车辆的引用仅仅是示例性的,并且根据本公开的教导,也可以对其他物体(诸如工业设备和器具等)进行喷涂。此外,“涂料”或“涂漆”的使用不应被解释为限制本公开,且因此其他材料(诸如涂层、底漆、密封剂、清洁溶剂等)应理解为落入本公开的范围内。
通常,本公开的教导基于液滴喷雾生成装置,其中穿孔膜由压电换能器驱动。该装置及其变型描述于美国专利No.6,394,363、7,550,897、7,977,849、8,317,299、8,191,982、9,156,049、7,976,135、9,452,442和美国公开申请No.2014/0110500、2016/0228902和2016/0158789中,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
现在参考图1,示意性地描绘了用于使用机械臂4喷涂零件P的涂料喷涂系统2。机械臂4联接到至少一个材料涂敷器10和机架5。包括材料源8(例如,涂料源)并且其包括至少一种材料M(在图1中示出为材料M1、M2、M3、......Mn,本文也简称为“材料M”)。在本公开的一些方面,至少一种材料M包括不同的涂料材料、不同的粘合材料、不同的密封材料等。臂4根据相对于机架5的xyz坐标移动,使得材料涂敷器10移动跨过零件P的表面(未标记)。此外,电源6被配置成向臂4和机架5供电。臂4和机架5被配置成将材料M从材料源8供应到材料涂敷器10,使得涂层被涂敷到零件P的表面。
参考图2,示意性地示出了根据本公开的教导的材料涂敷器10a或雾化器。在本公开的一种形式中,材料涂敷器10a包括阵列主体100a或喷嘴,其具有包括多个微型涂敷器110a的涂敷器阵列102a或子喷嘴。在本公开的一些方面,具有涂敷器阵列102a的阵列主体100a定位在基部140a上。在一种配置中,基部140a支撑在铰接机械臂4的端部(图1)。在另一种配置中,基座140a由喷杆(未示出)支撑,所述喷杆可以是固定的或者可以相对于基板S在一维、二维或三维中移动(如图4所示)。微型涂敷器110a中的每一个包括多个孔112a,材料M(图4)通过所述孔112a喷射,使得提供材料的雾化液滴3(图4)。如上面所描述,材料M(图4)通常是液体材料(例如,底漆、底涂层、透明涂层等),但是可任选地包括散布的固体(诸如金属微粒或其他颗粒)以提供特定的美学外观。微型涂敷器110a可以以任何布置方式布置,诸如横跨阵列主体100a的规则或不规则图案。
参考图3和图4,微型涂敷器110a中的每一个包括微型涂敷器板114a、执行器120a和声学聚焦装置124a。每个微型涂敷器板114a限定延伸穿过微型涂敷器板114a的多个孔112a。执行器120a可以是换能器,诸如压电材料。微型涂敷器板114a与执行器120a机械连通,使得执行器120a的激活(例如,向执行器120a提供电力)使微型涂敷器板114a振动或振荡,如图4中的水平的(z-方向)双头箭头示意性描绘的那样。
在所提供的示例中,阵列主体100a包括与每个微型涂敷器110a相对应的材料入口136a。阵列主体100a包括后壁131a和圆柱形侧壁132a。用于容纳材料M的贮存器134a限定在后壁131a和微型涂敷器板114a之间。在所提供的示例中,至少后壁131a和微型涂敷器板114a的面向后壁131a的侧面配合以限定贮存器134a。在所提供的示例中,贮存器134a与图2中示出的其他微型涂敷器110a的类似贮存器流体连通,使得所有微型涂敷器110a共享共同的流体腔室。在未具体示出的替代配置中,一些或所有微型涂敷器110a的贮存器可以彼此分离。
入口136a与贮存器134a流体连通,使得材料M流过入口136a并进入贮存器134a。在所提供的示例中,执行器120a定位在微型涂敷器板114a和侧壁132a之间,使得阵列主体100a支撑执行器120a并且执行器120a支撑微型涂敷器板114a。例如,执行器120a可以定位在微型涂敷器板114a的外边缘表面115a和阵列主体100a的内表面之间。在一种配置中,执行器120a是设置成围绕微型涂敷器板114a的环形形状。在未具体示出的另一种配置中,执行器120a可以与微型涂敷器板114a一体形成,使得向微型涂敷器板114a供电而使板114a振荡。在所提供的示例中,控制模块164a与执行器120a电连通,以向执行器120a供电并控制执行器120a的操作。
在所提供的示例中,后壁131a或其一部分具有面向微型涂敷器板114a的凹形表面,以限定声学聚焦装置124a。在所提供的示例中,声学聚焦装置124a是声学反射器或声学镜,其具有曲率(诸如像抛物线形或球形的),其具有靠近微型涂敷器板114a的孔112a的焦点。焦点可以位于贮存器134a内、微型涂敷器板114a处、或微型涂敷器板114a的外部。
在操作中,材料M以非常低的压力或无压力供应到贮存器134a,使得材料M的表面张力阻止材料M流过微型涂敷器板114a的孔112a,除非执行器120a被激活并振荡。振荡的微型涂敷器板114a产生从微型涂敷器板114a朝向后壁131a传播的初波Wa。初波Wa从声学聚焦装置124a反射为朝向微型涂敷器板114a行进的次波Wa’。在所提供的示例中,初波Wa通常是未聚焦的平行波。声学聚焦装置124a使波聚焦,使得次波Wa’朝向孔112a聚焦或集中。该聚焦的波能使材料M从孔112a喷射。在所提供的示例中,次波Wa’跨过包围所有孔112a但小于整个振荡微型涂敷器板114a的区域撞击微型涂敷器板114a。因此,波能集中在孔112a处以喷射材料M。
也就是说,当执行器120a被激活并振动时,材料M通过多个孔112a和/或从多个孔112a喷射,以提供雾化液滴3的流5。雾化液滴3的流5大体平行于微型涂敷器轴线2’传播,并且在基板S的表面s’上形成涂层C。基板S可以是任何合适的工件,诸如像车辆零件、车架或车身。如图4中示意性描绘的那样,雾化液滴3具有窄的液滴尺寸分布(例如,平均液滴直径)。
参考图5,示出了第二结构的材料涂敷器10b的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10b类似于材料涂敷器10和10a(图1至图4)。用类似于图1至图4中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10、10a的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。材料涂敷器10b的后壁131b包括多个声学聚焦装置124b,所述多个声学聚焦装置124b是声学镜或反射器。每个声学聚焦装置124b与孔112b中相应的一个孔相关联,并且具有靠近该孔112b的焦点。类似于涂敷器10、10a(图1至图4),微型涂敷器板114b的振荡产生平行的初波Wb。然后,初波Wb被各个声学聚焦装置124b反射为具体地指向每个单独孔112b的次波Wb’。在未具体示出的替代配置中,可以使用多个声学聚焦装置124b,但是每个聚焦装置124b聚焦在一个以上的孔112b上。
在图6中示出的一个特定配置中,相邻声学聚焦装置上的相似点之间的距离d1可以等于相邻孔112b上的相似点之间的距离d2,但是可以使用其他配置。
参考图7,示出了第三结构的材料涂敷器10c的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10c类似于材料涂敷器10、10a或10b(图1至图6)。用类似于图1至图6中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10、10a和10b的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,微型涂敷器板114c不由执行器120c支撑或振荡。作为替代,声学聚焦装置124c是设置在微型涂敷器板114c和执行器120c之间的声学透镜。在所提供的示例中,声学聚焦装置124c限定后壁131c并且具有凹形形状,使得后壁131c在面向微型涂敷器板114c的方向为凹形。执行器120c的激活形成朝向声学聚焦装置124c传播的初波Wc。声学聚焦装置124c的形状使声波聚焦,使得次波Wc’(即,穿过声学聚焦装置124c的那些)朝向孔112c聚焦。在所提供的示例中,次波Wc’朝向多个孔112c聚焦。执行器120c和声学聚焦装置124c之间的空间可以是用于传播初波Wc的任何合适的气体、液体或固体,或者执行器120c可以与声学聚焦装置124c直接接触。
参考图8,示出了第四结构的材料涂敷器10d的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10d类似于材料涂敷器10c(图7)。用类似于图中7中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10c的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,声学聚焦装置124d是限定后壁131d的声学透镜,但具有非凹形的形状。作为替代,声学聚焦装置124d被构造成使得通过声学聚焦装置124d的声速以引起声学聚焦装置124d使次波Wd’朝向孔112d聚焦的方式跨过声学聚焦装置124d而变化。在一个非限制性示例中,声学聚焦装置124d可以被构造成具有不同的密度,以使声速跨过声学聚焦装置124d而变化,但是可以使用其他配置。在所提供的示例中,次波Wd’朝向多个孔112d聚焦。在替代的结构中,声速可以跨过声学聚焦装置124d而变化,并且声学聚焦装置124d可以具有凹形形状。
参考图9,示出了第五结构的材料涂敷器10e的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10e类似于材料涂敷器10c(图7)。用类似于图中7中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10c的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,微型涂敷器110e包括多个声学聚焦装置124e,所述声学聚焦装置124e是声学透镜,所述声学透镜限定后壁131e的具有面向孔112e的凹形形状的部分。声学聚焦装置124c的形状使声波聚焦,使得次波We’朝向孔112e中各个相应的孔聚焦。
参考图10,示出了第六结构的材料涂敷器10f的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10f类似于材料涂敷器10e(图9)。用类似于图中9中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10e的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,声学聚焦装置124f是限定后壁131f的部分的声学透镜,但是声学聚焦装置124f具有非凹形的形状。作为替代,声学聚焦装置124f被构造成使得通过声学聚焦装置124f的声速以引起声学聚焦装置124f使次波Wf’朝向孔112f中各个相应的孔聚焦的方式跨过声学聚焦装置124f而变化。在一个非限制性示例中,声学聚焦装置124f可以被构造成具有不同的密度,以使声速跨过声学聚焦装置124f而变化,但是可以使用其他配置。在替代的结构中,声速可以跨过声学聚焦装置124f而变化,并且声学聚焦装置124f可以具有凹形形状。
参考图11,示出了第七结构的材料涂敷器10g的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10g类似于材料涂敷器10和10a(图1至图4)。用类似于图1至图4中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10、10a的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,微型涂敷器板114g不由执行器120g支撑或振荡。作为替代,执行器120g限定后壁131g的至少一部分并且具有面向微型涂敷器板114g的凹形形状。执行器120g的形状使得它产生已经朝向孔112g聚焦的波Wg。因此,执行器120g本身形成声学聚焦装置124g。在所提供的示例中,波Wg朝向多个孔112g聚焦。
参考图12,示出了第八结构的材料涂敷器10h的横截面。除非本文另外示出或描述,否则材料涂敷器10h类似于材料涂敷器10g(图11)。用类似于图11中示出和描述的那些附图标记表示的特征类似于涂敷器10g的那些特征,并且本文仅描述不同之处。在所提供的示例中,微型涂敷器110h包括多个执行器120h,所述多个执行器120h限定后壁131h的具有面向孔112h的凹形形状的部分。执行器120h的形状形成声学聚焦装置124h,使得激活执行器120h传播声波Wh并且使声波Wh聚焦,所述声波Wh朝向孔112h中各个相应的孔聚焦。
因此,声学聚焦装置124a-h使声波朝向孔112a-h聚焦,这可以导致较高的电力效率(例如,所需的较低的电力)和较高的液滴喷射速度,这也可以减少过喷喷涂物并允许使用更高粘度的流体。
如本文所使用的,短语A、B和C中的至少一个应当被解释为使用非排他性逻辑或来表示逻辑(A或B或C),并且不应当被解释为表示“A中的至少一个、B中的至少一个以及C中的至少一个”。
除非另有明确说明,否则指示机械/热性质、组成百分比、尺寸和/或公差或其他特性的所有数值应当理解为在描述本公开的范围时由词语“约”或“大约”修饰。由于各种原因(包括工业实践,制造技术和测试能力)需要这种修改。
本文中使用的术语仅是出于描述特定示例形式的目的,且不旨在为限制性的。除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式“一个”、一种”和“所述/该”旨在包括复数形式。术语“包括”和“具有”是包括性的并且因此指定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但并不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组的存在或添加。本文所描述的方法步骤、过程和操作不应当解释为必定需要以所讨论或所示出的特定次序进行,除非具体指明按次序进行。还应当理解,可以采用附加或替代的步骤。
本公开的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,且因此,不脱离本公开的实质的示例旨在落入本公开的范围内。不应将此类示例视为脱离本公开的精神和范围。本公开的广泛教导可以以各种形式实施。因此,虽然本公开包括特定示例,但是本公开的真实范围不应受此限制,因为在研究了附图、说明书和所附权利要求之后,其他修改将变得显而易见。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述声学聚焦装置是声学透镜,所述声学透镜被配置成使得通过所述声学透镜的声速沿着所述声学透镜而变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述声学聚焦装置的密度沿着所述声学聚焦装置而变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于涂敷涂层的雾化器,所述雾化器包括:
喷嘴板,所述喷嘴板限定至少一个孔;
执行器,所述制动器被配置成振荡以在流体内形成压力波,从而从所述至少一个孔喷射所述流体;和
声学聚焦装置,所述声学聚焦装置被配置成使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。
2.如权利要求1所述的雾化器,其中所述执行器被配置成使所述喷嘴板振荡。
3.如权利要求2所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置是声学反射器,所述声学反射器具有面向所述喷嘴板的凹形侧面。
4.如权利要求2所述的雾化器,其中所述执行器与所述喷嘴板一体形成。
5.如权利要求1所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置设置在所述执行器和所述喷嘴板之间,并且被配置成使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。
6.如权利要求5所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置是声学透镜,所述声学透镜具有面向所述至少一个孔的凹形侧面。
7.如权利要求5所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置是声学透镜,所述声学透镜具有设置成平行于所述喷嘴板的平面体,通过所述平面体的声速跨过所述平面体而变化,以使所述压力波朝向所述至少一个孔聚焦。
8.如权利要求1所述的雾化器,其中所述执行器与所述喷嘴板间隔开以在所述喷嘴板和所述执行器之间限定贮存器,其中所述执行器被成形为使所述压力波聚焦,使得所述压力波随着更加靠近所述喷嘴板而变得更聚焦。
9.如权利要求8所述的雾化器,其中所述执行器具有弯曲形状,所述弯曲形状具有朝向所述喷嘴板的焦点。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置的焦点位于所述至少一个孔处。
11.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的雾化器,其中所述至少一个孔是多个孔。
12.如权利要求11所述的雾化器,其中所述声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述多个孔聚焦。
13.如权利要求11所述的雾化器,其还包括多个所述声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置使所述压力波朝向所述孔中相应的一个孔聚焦。
14.如权利要求1所述的雾化器,其还包括多个所述喷嘴板和多个所述执行器,每个执行器被配置成使所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板振荡,其中所述雾化器包括多个声学聚焦装置,每个声学聚焦装置与所述喷嘴板中相应的一个喷嘴板相关联。
15.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的雾化器,其中所述执行器由压电材料形成。
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