CN110077051B - 一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110077051B
CN110077051B CN201910312375.4A CN201910312375A CN110077051B CN 110077051 B CN110077051 B CN 110077051B CN 201910312375 A CN201910312375 A CN 201910312375A CN 110077051 B CN110077051 B CN 110077051B
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刘喜宗
董会娜
安康
吕多军
姚栋嘉
张东生
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法。将苎麻纤维在模具型腔中铺展均匀；制备硅溶胶；将模具型腔置于‑20~0℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维；取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，凝胶‑老化处理；在超低温冰箱中冷冻，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C，真空固化。本发明制备的复合材料具有较好的韧性及较大的抗压强度。

Description

一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于防弹装甲板板材领域，具体涉及一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
对于防弹装甲而言，其弹道性能是关键指标，包括抗侵彻能力、抗冲击能力和抗崩落能力，而它们与构成装甲的材料密切相关。装甲材料应尽可能满足“高硬度、高强度、高韧性、低密度、低成本”的要求。然而对于这种要求，没有任何一种均质单相材料能够同时满足。陶瓷作为装甲材料具有诸多优点：具有极高的硬度和抗压强度，有利于抵御高速穿甲弹的侵蚀；密度小，约为均质装甲钢的1/4~1 /2，有利于装甲重量的减轻；耐热性好，在高温下可以保持形状尺寸不变，能够抵御高温射流的侵蚀。但陶瓷材料也存在诸多缺点，如塑性差、断裂强度低且易产生脆性断裂、成型尺寸较小等。金属作为装甲材料则存在密度大。目前功能复合装甲材料是最理想的一种应用形式，也是提高防弹水平最有竞争力的装甲材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将苎麻纤维在模具型腔中铺展均匀；
（2）、将正硅酸酯、水、乙醇按摩尔比1∶（1~10）∶（1~10）制得硅溶胶；
（3）、将模具型腔置于-20~0℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加入到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维；
（4）、取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，在室温或加热条件下凝胶-老化处理；
（5）、将凝胶-老化后所得体系在超低温冰箱中冷冻，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；
（6）、将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠，按环氧树脂∶固化剂∶环氧树脂活性稀释剂：空心玻璃微珠=100∶（80~95）∶（10~15）∶（10-50）的质量比配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；
（7）、在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C；
（8）、将夹层复合材料C置于真空条件下固化，即得到防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料。
较好地，所述苎麻纤维为苎麻纤维棉或苎麻纤维布。
较好地，所述正硅酸酯为正硅酸甲酯或正硅酸乙酯。
较好地，浸渍处理时间为24~48 h。
较好地，凝胶-老化处理的温度为30~80 ℃、时间为8~48 h。
较好地，超低温冰箱的温度设定为-75~-40 ℃，时间为2~12 h；抽真空干燥处理时间为6~12 h。
较好地，所述固化剂为甲基四氢苯酐、甲基六氢苯酐中的一种或两种的混合物。
较好地，所述环氧树脂活性稀释剂为环氧树脂活性稀释剂AGE。
较好地，所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径为10~90 μm。
较好地，固化工艺为：先在90~120 ℃保温2~4 h，接着在140~160 ℃保温2~3 h。
有益效果：本发明采用冷冻干燥，能够得到性能优异、结构均匀的防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料；空心玻璃微珠的加入能够提高防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料的抗压强度；将玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂片用作防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料的最外层，对内部的气凝胶结构及空心玻璃微珠进行增强，提高该复合材料的防弹抗冲击力，同时能够防止气凝胶掉粉情况的发生；另外，选用苎麻纤维，其与韧性较差的空心微珠相互配合，充分发挥自身的性能，能够保证防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料较好的韧性及较大的抗压强度，从而对弹头具有良好的能量吸收和有效衰减应力波的特性；本发明操作简单，易于大规模生产，且保证本发明制备得到的防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料具有成本低、质量轻、绿色可降解等优异特性，未来在军事装甲上的应用会得到越来越广泛的研究。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将苎麻纤维布在模具型腔中铺展均匀；
（2）、将正硅酸乙酯、水、无水乙醇按摩尔比1∶7∶8制得硅溶胶；
（3）、将模具型腔置于-10℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加入到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维24 h；
（4）、取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，在40 ℃下凝胶-老化处理20 h；
（5）、将凝胶-老化后所得体系在超低温冰箱中-40 ℃冷冻6 h，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理8 h，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；
（6）、将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠，按环氧树脂∶固化剂∶环氧树脂活性稀释剂：空心玻璃微珠=100∶80∶10∶20的质量比配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；所述固化剂为甲基四氢苯酐；所述环氧树脂活性稀释剂为环氧树脂活性稀释剂AGE；所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径为40 μm；
（7）、在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C；
（8）、将夹层复合材料C置于真空条件下固化（先在100 ℃保温2 h，接着在140 ℃保温2 h），即得到防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料。
经测试，得知：所得防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料的断裂韧性为48 kJ/m2，抗压强度为124 Mpa。
实施例2
一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将苎麻纤维布在模具型腔中铺展均匀；
（2）、将正硅酸乙酯、水、无水乙醇按摩尔比1∶6∶9制得硅溶胶；
（3）、将模具型腔置于-15℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加入到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维30h；
（4）、取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，在50 ℃下凝胶-老化处理30h；
（5）、将凝胶-老化后所得体系在超低温冰箱中-50℃冷冻8 h，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理10 h，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；
（6）、将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠，按环氧树脂∶固化剂∶环氧树脂活性稀释剂：空心玻璃微珠=100∶90∶12∶30的质量比配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；所述固化剂为甲基四氢苯酐；所述环氧树脂活性稀释剂为环氧树脂活性稀释剂AGE；所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径为60 μm；
（7）、在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C；
（8）、将夹层复合材料C置于真空条件下固化（先在100 ℃保温3 h，接着在150 ℃保温2 h），即得到防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料。
经测试，得知：所得防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料的断裂韧性为50 kJ/m2，抗压强度为136 Mpa。
实施例3
一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、将苎麻纤维棉在模具型腔中铺展均匀；
（2）、将正硅酸乙酯、水、无水乙醇按摩尔比1∶9∶7制得硅溶胶；
（3）、将模具型腔置于-5℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加入到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维48 h；
（4）、取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，在70 ℃下凝胶-老化处理48 h；
（5）、将凝胶-老化后所得体系在超低温冰箱中-60 ℃冷冻12 h，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理12 h，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；
（6）、将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠，按环氧树脂∶固化剂∶环氧树脂活性稀释剂：空心玻璃微珠=100∶95∶15∶45的质量比配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；所述固化剂为甲基六氢苯酐；所述环氧树脂活性稀释剂为环氧树脂活性稀释剂AGE；所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径为60 μm；
（7）、在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C；
（8）、将夹层复合材料C置于真空条件下固化（先在110 ℃保温4 h，接着在160 ℃保温3 h），即得到防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料。
经测试，得知：所得防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料的断裂韧性为55 kJ/m2，抗压强度为152 Mpa。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）、将苎麻纤维在模具型腔中铺展均匀；
（2）、将正硅酸酯、水、乙醇按摩尔比1∶（1~10）∶（1~10）制得硅溶胶；
（3）、将模具型腔置于-20~0℃环境中，然后将硅溶胶加入到模具型腔中，浸渍处理苎麻纤维；
（4）、取出浸渍处理后的苎麻纤维，在室温或加热条件下凝胶-老化处理；
（5）、将凝胶-老化后所得体系在-75~-40 ℃超低温冰箱中冷冻，然后置于冷冻干燥机的干燥室中抽真空干燥处理，得到苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A；
（7）、将环氧树脂、固化剂、环氧树脂活性稀释剂、空心玻璃微珠，按环氧树脂∶固化剂∶环氧树脂活性稀释剂：空心玻璃微珠=100∶（80~95）∶（10~15）∶（10-50）的质量比配制，得到环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B；
（8）、在苎麻纤维增强气凝胶毡A的上下两面先分别均匀涂覆环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠浆液B，接着再在两面分别覆盖玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂片，得到夹层复合材料C；
（9）、将夹层复合材料C置于真空条件下固化，即得到防弹装甲板用夹层复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述苎麻纤维为苎麻纤维棉。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述正硅酸酯为正硅酸甲酯或正硅酸乙酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：浸渍处理时间为24~48 h。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：凝胶-老化处理的温度为30~80 ℃、时间为8~48 h。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：超低温冰箱的冷冻时间为2~12 h；抽真空干燥处理时间为6~12 h。
7.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述固化剂为甲基四氢苯酐、甲基六氢苯酐中的一种或两种的混合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述环氧树脂活性稀释剂为环氧树脂活性稀释剂AGE。
9.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径为10~90 μm。
10.如权利要求1所述的用于防弹装甲板夹层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：固化工艺为：先在90~120 ℃保温2~4 h，接着在140~160 ℃保温2~3 h。
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