CN110073752A - A kind of fertile topsoil construction method in saline and alkaline obstacle arable land - Google Patents
A kind of fertile topsoil construction method in saline and alkaline obstacle arable land Download PDFInfo
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- CN110073752A CN110073752A CN201910476775.9A CN201910476775A CN110073752A CN 110073752 A CN110073752 A CN 110073752A CN 201910476775 A CN201910476775 A CN 201910476775A CN 110073752 A CN110073752 A CN 110073752A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fertile topsoil construction methods in saline and alkaline obstacle arable land, it in arable layer the following steps are included: excavate furrow, the bottom end of the furrow borders on plough sole, soil conditioner is inserted in the furrow, surface soil is laid on the surface of the soil conditioner and the top surface of the surface soil is flushed with the top of furrow, the surface soil is the topsoil around furrow, and plant is planted in surface soil.Compared with prior art, the construction method strong operability in the present invention, building speed are fast, it is able to achieve in a short time to the saline and alkaline farming operation layer rapidly and efficiently salt discharge of obstacle, salt discharge significant effect improves farmland soil fertility and soil quality, crop growing state is good, and yield and quality is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fertile topsoil construction methods of technical field of land improvement more particularly to a kind of saline and alkaline obstacle arable land.
Background technique
Soil is the place that chemical fertilizer nutrient conversion, migration and crop absorb, soil fertility factor (obstacle and Fertility evolution) side
Face rings soil and stores the ability for receiving and stablizing supply nutrient, on the other hand influences microbial activity and root growth, and then influence
Efficient circulation of the nutrient in Removed In Soil-crop System utilizes.Salt affected soil is one of most important dyskinetic soil types in China,
The most important feature of saline-alkali soil is containing more water soluble salt and alkali, and since salinity is big, alkali point is more, the humic substance of soil meets with
To leaching loss, soil texture is destroyed, and hard when sticking when showing as wet, is dry, aeration and water penetration are bad, serious to will cause work
Object is wilted, poisoning is even dead.Therefore, salt affected soil is not only by saline and alkaline strong stress, but also the soil organism and nutrient contain
Measure relatively low, physical structure is poor, and retain water and nutrients ability is on the weak side.These features of alkaline land soil seriously limit the growth of crop
Development and the promotion of yield and quality.
For soil water and salt transport process carry out Effective Regulation, cut down saline and alkaline obstruction factor be farmland soil fertility promoted and it is saline and alkaline
The basis of land resource Function.The domestic and international alkaline land improving ameliorative measure effect numerous, different using methods and techniques
Difference, advantage and defect are simultaneously deposited, and the method mainly used at present has hydraulic engineering method, stalk or covering with ground sheeting method, biological modification
Method and chemical modifying etc..Wherein, hydraulic engineering method is one of the common method of tilth salinization improvement, will by being laid with hidden pipe
Salinity in soil is drained with water, but the disadvantage is that construction and maintenance cost it is higher, be unable to fast lifting soil quality, such as: application
Number be CN201710043546.9 (Publication No. CN108337947A) Chinese invention patent " saline and alkali land improvement method ".Stalk
Or covering with ground sheeting obviously can inhibit moisture to evaporate, leaching salt effect is infiltrated in raising, prevents topsoil salinization, but the disadvantage is that soil easily returns
Salt, mulch difficult to degrade also pollute the environment, such as: application No. is CN201710133603.2 (Publication No. CN106797867A)
Chinese invention patent " utilizing the medlar cultivation method of improving straw mulching moisturizing salt reduction alkali ".Biological modification method significant effect, simultaneously
Be conducive to the recovery of microhabitat, but it is improved excessive cycle and seriously constrains agricultural development, such as: Patent No.
Chinese invention patent a kind of " method of salt-soda soil transplanting arbor of CN201710703811.1 (Publication No. CN107439337A)
And the method for forestation in salt-soda soil ".Salt-soda soil is handled by chemical amendments, as application of organic fertilizers, bacteria residue and chemistry change
Good dose (stalk, organic fertilizer, zeolite, lignite, ground phosphate rock) etc. has the promotion of the abatement, soil fertility of saline and alkaline obstruction factor
Positive effect, but the disadvantage is that the dosage of modifying agent is big, improvement higher cost, such as: it is (open that application No. is CN201711236418.2
Number be CN108129227A) Chinese invention patent " a kind of improvement sandy salt-soda soil compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof ".By upper
As it can be seen that the existing modification method for salt-soda soil could be improved.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of strong operability, building for the prior art
The fertile topsoil construction method in fireballing saline and alkaline obstacle arable land.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of salt discharge speed is fast, effect for the prior art
The good fertile topsoil construction method in saline and alkaline obstacle arable land.
Third technical problem to be solved by this invention be for the prior art and to provide a kind of crop growing state good
The fertile topsoil construction method in saline and alkaline obstacle arable land.
The fertile topsoil building the technical scheme of the invention to solve the technical problem is: a kind of saline and alkaline obstacle is ploughed
Method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included: excavating furrow in arable layer, bottom end and the plough sole of the furrow are bordered on, at this
Fill soil modifying agent in furrow is laid with surface soil on the surface of the soil conditioner, which is the arable layer soil around furrow
Earth, and plant is planted in surface soil.
Preferably, the soil conditioner includes agricultural wastes, the agricultural wastes be stalk crushed material, rice chaff,
One of edible fungi residue or muck, or in stalk crushed material, rice chaff, edible fungi residue or muck at least two to press
C/N is than mixed mixture.The organic acid that agricultural wastes generate in decomposable process can effectively improve the slow of soil
Ability is rushed, soil pH is had adjusted, to further increase salt discharge efficiency.Wherein, above-mentioned C/N ratio reflects compost maturity, and C, which refers to, to be had
Machine carbon, N refer to full nitrogen, and the C/N ratio range is between 15~20 in the present invention.
Preferably, the soil conditioner further includes chemical improvement agent, the chemical improvement agent include humic acid, peat,
At least one of ridge miberal powder, zeolite, lignite.
Further, it is preferable that the additive amount of the chemical improvement agent is no more than the 15% of above-mentioned soil conditioner gross mass.
Preferably, the soil conditioner with a thickness of 10~20cm, surface soil with a thickness of 5~10cm, and above-mentioned kind
The root system for the plant being implanted in surface soil is predominantly located in soil conditioner.Since root system is predominantly located in soil conditioner, by salt
Alkaline stress degree is small, and nutrient supply is sufficient, therefore crop growing state is good, and yield and quality is greatly improved, while
The saline and alkaline stress to crops in surrounding soil is alleviated, surface soil polysalt is avoided.
Preferably, the cross section of the furrow is in inverted isosceles trapezoid shape, the depth of the furrow is 20~30cm,
The width on furrow top is 30~40mm.
Preferably, the spacing of the adjacent furrow is 1.0~1.5m.
Preferably, new furrow is excavated on ridge platform between the adjacent furrow dug, and 2~3 years repeatedly, until complete
At the improvement of entire arable layer.New furrow can be excavated after planting a season crop in the present invention in the furrow dug.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: by the way that furrow is arranged, soil improvement is inserted in the furrow
Agent is laid with surface soil on the surface of the soil conditioner, so that fertile topsoil is constructed, strong operability, and due to taking subregion to change
Good, fertile layer building speed is greatly speeded up.
The fertile topsoil that the present invention constructs, significantly increases soil infiltration rate, is conducive to the elution of soil salt ion, setting
Soil organic colloid and humus quantity increase after fertile topsoil, reinforce the adsorption capacity of salt ion, reduce in soil
The activity of salinity, wherein the organic acid that the agricultural wastes in fertile topsoil generate in decomposable process can effectively improve
The buffer capacity of soil, has adjusted soil pH.Therefore, the present invention is able to achieve quick to the saline and alkaline farming operation layer of obstacle in a short time
Efficient salt discharge, salt discharge significant effect.
Invention enhances topsoil soil moisture conservation effects, increase the soil organism and nutrient content, promote soil aggregate structure
Formation, improve farmland soil fertility and soil quality, it is small by Saline Alkali Stress degree since root system is predominantly located at fertile topsoil, and
Nutrient supply is sufficient, therefore crop growing state is good, and yield and quality is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that fertile topsoil constructs schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is different tillage crop harvest time topsoil salt rejection rate in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is different tillage crop harvest time topsoil pH value in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, excavating furrow 3, the bottom end of the furrow 3 and plough sole 1 by trench digging mechanical system in arable layer 2
Border on, cross section is in inverted isosceles trapezoid state, and depth is 20~30cm, and the width on 3 top of furrow is 30~40cm, adjacent
Furrow 3 between formed ridge platform 4, and the width of ridge platform 4 be 1.0~1.5m.Further, soil is inserted in above-mentioned furrow 3 to change
It good dose 7, is flushed in the top surface that the surface of the soil conditioner 7 is laid with surface soil and the surface soil with the top of furrow 3, which is ridge
2 soil of arable layer around ditch 3, and plant 5 is planted in surface soil.Above-mentioned soil conditioner 7 with a thickness of 10~20cm, surface soil
With a thickness of 5~10cm.In the present embodiment, the depth of furrow 3 is 25cm, and the width on top is 30cm, the thickness of soil conditioner 7
Degree is 20cm, surface soil with a thickness of 5cm, the width of ridge platform 4 is 1.2m.
Further, above-mentioned soil conditioner is the mixture of agricultural wastes and chemical improvement agent, wherein agricultural wastes
It for one of stalk crushed material, rice chaff, edible fungi residue or muck, or is stalk crushed material (straw, corn, Wheat Straw
Stalk etc.), rice chaff, in edible fungi residue or muck (pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure etc.) at least two with by C/N than mixed mixing
Object, the chemical improvement agent include at least one of humic acid, peat, ridge miberal powder, zeolite, lignite, and chemical improvement agent
Additive amount is no more than the 15% of above-mentioned soil conditioner gross mass.In the present embodiment, soil conditioner in the fertile topsoil A of building
For agricultural wastes, and the agricultural wastes are the mixture (mixed proportion 6:4) of edible fungi residue and pig manure；The fertilizer of building
Soil conditioner is agricultural wastes in fertile topsoil B, and the agricultural wastes are the mixture (mixing of stalk crushed material and cow dung
Ratio is 2:1)；Soil conditioner is agricultural wastes in the fertile topsoil C of building, and the agricultural wastes are rice chaff；Building
Fertile topsoil D in soil conditioner be agricultural wastes, and the agricultural wastes be rice chaff；Soil in the fertile topsoil E of building
Earth modifying agent is agricultural wastes, and the agricultural wastes are the mixing of stalk crushed material, rice chaff, edible fungi residue and chicken manure
Object (mixed proportion 9:6:4:3)；Soil conditioner is the group of agricultural wastes and chemical improvement agent in the fertile topsoil F of building
Close object, wherein agricultural wastes are the mixture (mixed proportion 5:3) of rice chaff and edible fungi residue, and chemical improvement agent is corruption
Acid is grown, and it is 12% that the chemical improvement agent, which accounts for the total amount of soil conditioner,；Soil conditioner is agricultural in the fertile topsoil G of building
The composition of waste and chemical improvement agent, wherein agricultural wastes are edible fungi residue, and chemical improvement agent is ridge miberal powder and boiling
The mixture (mixed proportion 2:3) of stone, the total amount which accounts for soil conditioner is 10%.
In Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, (0-20cm topsoil soils are averaged total salt content as 0.38%, pH to Cixi City beach saline land
=8.92) above-mentioned each fertile topsoil (A~G) is constructed respectively, and the salt rejection rate of soil is left up to 50% after the processing of fertile topsoil
The right side, and topsoil soils pH is remarkably decreased after processing, soil pH is down to 7.85 or so.
It is furtherd investigate to construct method to the fertile topsoil in the present invention, it will above-mentioned fertile topsoil A, normal in the present embodiment
Rule control, mushroom slag is turned over and stalk is turned over and is compared research.Wherein, mushroom slag turns over processing, applies mushroom slag 15t/hm2, lead to
It crosses rotary cultivator and is uniformly blended into soil；Stalk turns over processing, applies the Dry corn stalk stalk 7.5t/hm of crushing2, uniform by rotary cultivator
It is mixed into soil；Control treatment does not apply any material using local Routine Management mode.In the horizontal (salt content of moderate salination
0.38%) grown on soil broccoli experiments have shown that, farmland topsoil (0~20cm) week of above-mentioned fertile topsoil A processing
Year salt rejection rate is 50.3%, is significantly higher than that mushroom slag is turned over, stalk is turned over and Routine control (as shown in Figure 2)；Fertile topsoil processing
Soil pH be substantially less than other processing, soil acidity or alkalinity switchs to alkalescent (as shown in Figure 3) by alkalinity.
Seen from table 1, compared with Routine control, different cultivating treatments have been significantly increased the soil organism and full nitrogen contains
Amount, wherein the soil organism and total nitrogen content increase rate highest of fertile topsoil processing of the invention are improved than control respectively
42.4% and 140%.In addition to the processing of fertile topsoil can significantly improve soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and rapid available phosphorus, other cultivating treatments are to soil
Middle available nutrient content does not make significant difference.
Soil property under the processing of 1 different tillage of table
The biological characters data such as harvest time broccoli plant height, leaf length, leaf width, expansion degree, stem thickness, bouquet diameter are collected,
As shown in table 2.Compared with Routine control, the broccoli plant height of different cultivating treatments is dramatically increased, and fertile topsoil A, mushroom slag turn over
It ploughs and stalk turns over processing plant height and increases by 25.0%, 13.3% and 6.9% than control respectively.In addition, fertile topsoil A processing is also shown
Write leaf long (11.5%), expansion degree (12.1%), stem thickness (15.3%) and the bouquet diameter (28.5%) for improving crop, and mushroom
Slag, which is turned over, turns over processing inferior lobe length, leaf width, expansion degree, stem thickness, bouquet diameter there are no significant compared with the control difference with stalk.
Different disposal broccoli yield is from high to low successively are as follows: fertile topsoil A, mushroom slag are turned over, stalk is turned over, conventional right
According to wherein the yield increased of fertile topsoil processing increases by 62.2%.Increase the output value by broccoli and input cost calculating is worked as
Season yield increase effect, compared with the control, fertile topsoil processing yield increase effect is up to 22 455 yuan/hm2, yield increase effect is in all processing
Middle highest.
Influence of 2 different tillage of table to broccoli yield and economic benefit
Claims (8)
- The fertile topsoil construction method 1. a kind of saline and alkaline obstacle is ploughed, it is characterised in that the following steps are included: being excavated in arable layer Furrow, bottom end and the plough sole of the furrow are bordered on, and insert soil conditioner in the furrow, are spread on the surface of the soil conditioner If the top surface of surface soil and the surface soil is flushed with the top of furrow, which is the topsoil around furrow, and in surface soil Plant plant.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 2. saline and alkaline obstacle as described in claim 1 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the soil conditioner Including agricultural wastes, which is one of stalk crushed material, rice chaff, edible fungi residue or muck, Huo Zhewei At least two in stalk crushed material, rice chaff, edible fungi residue or muck to press C/N than mixed mixture.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 3. saline and alkaline obstacle as claimed in claim 2 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the soil conditioner It further include chemical improvement agent, which includes at least one of humic acid, peat, ridge miberal powder, zeolite, lignite.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 4. saline and alkaline obstacle as described in claim 1 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the chemical improvement agent Additive amount be no more than above-mentioned soil conditioner gross mass 15%.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 5. saline and alkaline obstacle as described in claim 1 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the soil conditioner With a thickness of 10~20cm, surface soil with a thickness of 5~10cm, and the root system of the above-mentioned plant being planted in surface soil is predominantly located at soil In earth modifying agent.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 6. saline and alkaline obstacle as described in claim 1 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the furrow it is transversal Face is in inverted isosceles trapezoid shape, and the depth of the furrow is 20~30cm, and the width on furrow top is 30~40cm.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 7. saline and alkaline obstacle as described in claim 1 is ploughed, which is characterized in that the adjacent furrow Spacing be 1.0~1.5m.
- The fertile topsoil construction method 8. saline and alkaline obstacle as claimed in claim 7 is ploughed, which is characterized in that on the adjacent ridge New furrow is excavated on ridge platform between ditch, 2~3 years repeatedly, until completing the improvement of entire arable layer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113519226A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 民勤大漠田园农业科技有限责任公司 | Saline-alkali sandy soil improvement method |
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| CN113519226A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 民勤大漠田园农业科技有限责任公司 | Saline-alkali sandy soil improvement method |
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