CN110072869B - 烷氧基硅烷多硫化物 - Google Patents
烷氧基硅烷多硫化物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110072869B CN110072869B CN201780077321.3A CN201780077321A CN110072869B CN 110072869 B CN110072869 B CN 110072869B CN 201780077321 A CN201780077321 A CN 201780077321A CN 110072869 B CN110072869 B CN 110072869B
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
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Abstract
本发明涉及烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,其具有式(I):其中:R1,相同或不同,各自为具有1至18个碳原子的一价烃基;R2,相同或不同,各自为具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;R3,相同或不同,各自为具有1至12个碳原子,优选1至6个碳原子的一价烃基;Z,相同或不同,各自为包含1至16个碳原子的二价烃键合基团;x为不小于2的整数或分数;并且n为等于0、1或2的整数。(R3O)3‑n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z‑Sx‑Z‑HC(R2)–CH2‑Si(R1)n(OR3)3‑n(I)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多官能偶联剂,其可特别地用于偶联橡胶组合物中的增强无机填料和二烯弹性体,所述橡胶组合物旨在例如用于轮胎的制造。
背景技术
众所周知,通常,为了获得由填料赋予的最佳增强性能,建议填料以尽可能细分并尽可能均匀分布的最终形式存在于弹性体基质中。事实上,这些条件仅可以实现到如下的程度:该填料一方面显示出在与弹性体混合的过程中引入基质和解附聚的极好能力,另一方面显示出在该基质中均匀分散的极好能力。
以完全已知的方式,炭黑表现出这样的能力,这通常不是无机填料的情况。这是因为,出于相互亲和力的原因,无机填料粒子具有在弹性体基质中聚集在一起的不幸趋势。这些相互作用具有限制填料分散的有害后果并因此限制增强性质至基本上低于理论上可能达到的水平(如果实际上获得了在配混操作过程中能够产生的所有(无机填料/弹性体)键)。这些相互作用还倾向于增加橡胶组合物原始状态下的稠度并因此使其比炭黑存在时更难以加工。
由于节约燃料和需要保护环境已经变得优先考虑,然而已证明有必要制备具有降低的滚动阻力而不会对其耐磨性产生不利影响的轮胎。特别是由于发现了用称为“增强”的特定无机填料增强的新型橡胶组合物,因此这是可能的,所述特定无机填料从增强的角度能够与常规的轮胎级炭黑相媲美,同时为这些组合物提供较低的滞后性(这与包含它们的轮胎的较低滚动阻力同义)。
这种包含硅质型或铝质型增强无机填料的橡胶组合物,例如,已在专利或专利申请EP-A-0501227(或US-A-5227425)、EP-A-0735088(或US-A-5852099)、EP-A-0810258(或US-A-5900449)、EP-A-0881252、WO99/02590、WO99/02601、WO99/02602、WO99/28376、WO00/05300或WO00/05301中有所描述。
具体将提及文献EP-A-0501227、EP-A-0735088或EP-A-0881252,其公开了用高度可分散的沉淀二氧化硅增强的二烯橡胶组合物,这种组合物使得能够制造具有显著改善的滚动阻力的胎面,而不影响其他性能,特别是抓地力,耐久性和耐磨性的那些性能。在申请EP-A-0 810258和WO99/28376中也描述了这种在冲突性能方面具有折衷性的组合物,其中,特定高度可分散的铝质填料(氧化铝或氢氧化铝(氧化物))作为增强无机填料,或者在申请WO00/73372和WO00/73373中,其描述了增强型的特定钛氧化物。
使用这些特定高度可分散的无机填料作为主要或非主要的增强填料,无疑已经减少了加工包含它们的橡胶组合物的难度,但是这种加工仍然比通常包含炭黑作为填料的橡胶组合物更难。
特别地,必须使用偶联剂(也称为结合剂),其具有在无机填料粒子的表面和弹性体之间提供结合的作用,同时促进该无机填料在弹性体基质中的分散。
在此应记住,术语“偶联剂”(无机填料/弹性体)以已知的方式理解为能够在无机填料和二烯弹性体之间建立令人满意的化学和/或物理性质的结合的试剂;这种至少双官能偶联剂具有例如简化的通式“Y-W-X”,其中:
-Y表示能够物理地和/或化学地结合至无机填料的官能团(“Y”官能团),这样的结合可以例如在偶联剂的硅原子与无机填料的表面羟基(OH)基团(例如,当涉及二氧化硅时为表面硅烷醇)之间建立;
-X表示能够例如通过硫原子物理地和/或化学地结合至二烯弹性体的官能团(“X”官能团);
-W表示使得能够连接Y和X的二价基团。
偶联剂特别地不应与简单的用于无机填料的覆盖剂混淆,所述简单的用于无机填料的覆盖剂以已知的方式可以包括相对于无机填料而言为活性的Y官能团,但是没有相对于二烯弹性体而言为活性的X官能团。
偶联剂,特别是二氧化硅/二烯弹性体偶联剂,已在大量文献中有所描述,最为公知的是带有至少一个烷氧基官能团作为Y官能团和至少一个能够与二烯弹性体反应的官能团(例如含硫官能团)作为X官能团的双官能有机硅烷。
申请人公司在其专利EP1326871中描述了新型羟基硅烷偶联剂,其能够克服如在公开FR-A-2094859和GB-A-1310379中描述的巯基硅烷偶联剂的如下缺点:对于包括它们的组合物,会产生过早硫化(也称为“焦化”)以及在原始状态下粘度过大的问题。这些新型羟基硅烷偶联剂还使得能够克服如在公开EP-A-1043357和WO00/53671中特别描述的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物偶联剂(特别是TESPT(双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物))的缺点,所述新型羟基硅烷偶联剂解决了上述缺点,但是,与用炭黑增强的常规组合物相比,显示出显著减慢含有它们的橡胶组合物的硫化动力学的缺点。
申请人公司继续进行这些研究,经过多年的研究,发现偶联剂的特定官能化使得能够保持用第一代上述羟基硅烷偶联剂获得的橡胶组合物性能,但出人意料地,这些新型偶联剂使得能够改善赋予包括它们的橡胶组合物的增强和刚度性能。
发明内容
因此本发明的主题为烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,其具有式(I):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OR3)3-n
其中:
-R1,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至18个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R2,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R3,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至12个碳原子,优选1至6个碳原子的一价烃基;
-Z,相同或不同,各自表示包含1至16个碳原子的二价烃键合基团;
-x为大于或等于2的整数或分数;
-n为等于0、1或2的整数。
根据优选的实施方案,R3基团各自代表乙氧基基团,因此多硫化物对应于式(OEt=乙氧基):
(EtO)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OEt)3-n
有利地,R1基团选自C1-C6烷基、C5-C8环烷基和苯基,Z基团选自C1-C16亚烷基和C6-C12亚芳基,并且优选地R1基团选自C1-C3烷基,Z基团选自C1-C3亚烷基。
根据本发明优选的实施方案,多硫化物由具有下式的双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(三乙氧基硅烷)多硫化物组成:
根据本发明另一优选的实施方案,多硫化物由具有下式的双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(二甲基乙氧基硅烷)多硫化物组成:
本发明还涉及一种用于制备具有式(I)的乙氧基硅烷多硫化物的方法,所述方法包括以下阶段:
·进行具有式R2-C(CH2)Z-Hal(其中Hal=卤素)的烯烃与具有式Hal3-n(R1)nSi-H的含氢硅烷的氢化硅烷化,以得到具有下式的卤代有机硅烷(下文为产物A)):
Hal3-n(R1)nSi–CH2-(R2)CH–Z–Hal
·在惰性有机溶剂中,在有机碱或无机碱的存在下,对产物A进行醇解,以捕获形成的酰基卤和醇,以获得具有下式的烷氧基硅烷(产物C):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi-CH2-(R2)CH-Z–Hal
·最后,通过多硫化物的作用对产物C进行硫化阶段,以得到具有式(I)的目标产物。
本发明还涉及弹性体组合物,其基于至少一种二烯弹性体、作为增强填料的无机填料和作为偶联剂的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,所述烷氧基硅烷多硫化物具有式(I):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OR3)3-n (I)
其中:
-R1,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至18个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R2,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R3,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至12个碳原子,优选1至6个碳原子的一价烃基;
-Z,相同或不同,各自表示包含1至16个碳原子的二价烃键合基团;
-x为大于或等于2的整数或分数;
-n为等于0、1或2的整数。
最后,本发明涉及包含如上所述的橡胶组合物的轮胎。
附图说明
图1为获得的产物B1的NMR波谱。
图2为获得的产物B2的NMR波谱。
具体实施方式
本发明的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物
本发明的第一主题为烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,其具有式(I):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OR3)3-n (I)
或以半展开的形式:
其中:
-R1,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至18个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R2,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R3,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至12个碳原子,优选1至6个碳原子的一价烃基;
-Z,相同或不同,各自表示包含1至16个碳原子的二价烃键合基团;
-x为大于或等于2的整数或分数;
-n为等于0、1或2的整数。
优选地,R1基团选自C1-C6烷基、C5-C8环烷基和苯基,Z基团选自C1-C16亚烷基和C6-C12亚芳基,并且优选地R1基团选自C1-C3烷基,Z基团选自C1-C3亚烷基。
根据本发明优选的替代实施方案,多硫化物对应于式(OEt=乙氧基):
(EtO)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OEt)3-n
并且,还更优选地,多硫化物对应于式(Me=甲基):
(EtO)3-n(Me)nSi–CH2-(Me)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(Me)–CH2-Si(Me)n(OEt)3-n
优选地,Z基团选自亚甲基和亚乙基。
合成的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物实际上是多硫化物(例如从x=2至x=9)的混合物,因此x的平均值不同于整个值。x的目标平均值优选在2至6的范围内,更优选在2至4的范围内。
根据本发明优选的实施方案,n等于0并且优选地多硫化物由具有下式的双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(三乙氧基硅烷)多硫化物组成:
根据本发明另一优选的实施方案,n等于2并且优选地多硫化物由具有下式的双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(二甲基乙氧基硅烷)多硫化物组成:
合成方法
具有式(I)的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物可通过包括以下阶段的方法获得:
进行具有式R2-C(CH2)Z-Hal(其中Hal=卤素)的烯烃与具有通式Hal3-n(R1)nSi-H的含氢硅烷的氢化硅烷化(下面的方案1),以得到具有下式的卤代有机硅烷(下文为产物A)):
Hal3-n(R1)nSi–CH2-(R2)CH–Z–Hal
方案1
其中R1、R2和Z如上限定;
·在惰性有机溶剂中,在有机碱或无机碱的存在下,通过烷氧基供体的作用对产物A进行醇解,以捕获形成的酰基卤,烷氧基供体为醇,以获得具有下式的烷氧基硅烷(产物C):
(R3O)3-n-(R1)2Si–CH2-(R2)CH-Z–Hal
其中R3如上限定;
·最后,通过多硫化物的作用对产物C进行硫化阶段(方案3),以得到具有式(I)的目标产物。
根据该方法的有利替代方案,产物C可以通过具有式R2-C(CH2)Z-Hal的烯烃与三烷氧基氢硅烷的氢化硅烷化反应获得,例如,如由Mark D.Westmeyer在申请WO2005118598中或由Mark Paul Bowman在申请EP0669338中所描述的。
根据对应于乙氧基硅烷多硫化物的优选实施方案,上述方法的第二阶段如下进行:在惰性有机溶剂中,在有机碱或无机碱的存在下,在产物A上进行乙醇解,以捕获形成的酰基卤和乙醇,以获得具有下式的烷氧基硅烷(产物C'):
(EtO)3-n(R1)nSi-CH2-(R2)CH-Z–Hal
其中R1、R2和Z如上限定。
该反应阶段的方案如下:
最后,通过多硫化物的作用对产物C进行硫化阶段(方案3),以得到目标产物:
方案3
有利地,Hal为氯。
优选地,用于捕获形成的酰基卤的有机碱为叔胺。
根据该方法的替代实施方案,烷氧基供体以相对于产物A的量过量使用。
有利地,多硫化物为具有式MnSx或M'Sx(M=碱金属或NH4;M'=Zn或碱土金属)(x≥2)的铵或金属多硫化物。
优选地,多硫化物为多硫化钠Na2Sx,优选通过硫在Na2S上的作用产生。
还更优选地,硫化阶段在水相中或在两相水/有机溶剂介质中,在相转移催化剂和具有式M"Hal或M"2SO4(M"选自Li、Na和K;Hal选自F、Cl和Br)的盐的存在下进行。
用作偶联剂
如上所述,本发明的化合物凭借其双重官能,作为偶联剂具有有利的工业应用,例如,旨在提供反应性聚合物基质(特别是橡胶基质)与具有羟基化表面的任何材料(特别是无机材料(例如,玻璃纤维)或金属材料(例如,由碳钢或不锈钢制得的丝线))之间的结合或粘合。
在没有这种限制的情况下,它可以特别地用于偶联例如用于制造轮胎的橡胶组合物中的增强无机填料或白色填料和二烯弹性体。术语“增强无机填料”以已知的方式理解为意指无机填料或矿物填料,无论其颜色及其来源(天然的或合成的),其相对于炭黑也称作“白填料”或有时“透明填料”,该无机填料能够单独增强旨在用于制造轮胎的橡胶组合物而无需除了中间偶联剂之外的方法,换言之,其在增强作用上能够代替常规轮胎级炭黑填料。
因此,本发明还涉及弹性体组合物,其基于至少一种二烯弹性体、作为增强填料的无机填料和作为偶联剂的乙氧基硅烷多硫化物,所述乙氧基硅烷多硫化物具有上述式(I)。
有利地,二烯弹性体有利地选自聚丁二烯、天然橡胶、合成聚异戊二烯、丁二烯共聚物、异戊二烯共聚物和这些弹性体的混合物。
对于这种用途,二烯弹性体则优选选自由聚丁二烯(BR)、合成聚异戊二烯(IR)、天然橡胶(NR)、丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(SBR)、丁二烯/异戊二烯共聚物(BIR)、丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物(NBR)、异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(SIR)、丁二烯/苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物(SBIR)和这些弹性体的混合物组成的高度不饱和二烯弹性体。
当本发明的乙氧基硅烷多硫化物用于在形成例如乘用车辆轮胎胎面的全部或一部分的橡胶组合物中偶联(无机填料/二烯弹性体)时,则二烯弹性体优选为SBR或SBR和另一种二烯弹性体(如BR、NR或IR)的共混物(混合物)。在SBR弹性体的情况下,特别地使用如下SBR:苯乙烯含量在20重量%和30重量%之间,丁二烯部分的乙烯基键的含量在15%和65%之间,反式-1,4-键的含量在15%和75%之间,玻璃化转变温度(Tg-根据标准ASTMD3418-82测量)在-20℃和-55℃之间,该SBR共聚物,优选在溶液中制得(SSBR),任选地与聚丁二烯(BR)混合使用,所述聚丁二烯优选具有大于90%的顺式-1,4-键。
当胎面用于实用轮胎,例如重型车辆轮胎时,则二烯弹性体优选为异戊二烯弹性体,即二烯弹性体选自天然橡胶(NR),合成聚异戊二烯(IRs)、各种异戊二烯共聚物和这些弹性体的混合物;然后更优选为天然橡胶或顺式-1,4-型的合成聚异戊二烯,其顺式-1,4-键的含量(摩尔%)大于90%,还更优选大于98%。
已证明本发明的乙氧基硅烷多硫化物本身足以有效地偶联二烯弹性体和增强无机填料(例如特别地用作主要增强填料的二氧化硅)。优选地,增强填料的含量在10和200phr之间,更优选在30和150phr之间,特别地大于50phr,还更优选在60和140phr之间。
优选地,乙氧基硅烷多硫化物以大于1phr(重量份/百份弹性体),更优选在2和20phr之间的含量使用。它们可有利地构成存在于用无机填料增强并用于制造轮胎的橡胶组合物中的唯一偶联剂。
作为增强无机填料,将提及硅质类型的矿物填料,特别地二氧化硅(SiO2),或铝质类型的矿物填料,特别地氧化铝(Al2O3),或铝(氧化物)氢氧化物,或者还有增强的钛氧化物,如上述专利或专利申请中所描述的。
优选高度可分散的沉淀二氧化硅(“HDS”),特别是当使用本发明用于制造表现出低滚动阻力的轮胎时;作为这样的二氧化硅的例子,可以提及来自Evonik的Ultrasil 7000二氧化硅,来自Solvay的Zeosil1165MP、1135MP、1115MP和Premium 200MP二氧化硅,来自PPG的Hi-Sil EZ150G二氧化硅或者来自Huber的Zeopol 8715、8745和8755二氧化硅。
增强无机填料也可以与增强有机填料,特别是炭黑结合使用。
总增强填料中存在的炭黑的量可在宽范围内变化;其优选小于增强无机填料的量。有利地,炭黑以非常低的比例使用,含量在2和20phr之间,并且优选含量小于10phr。
这种橡胶组合物还以已知的方式包含交联体系,优选硫化体系,即基于硫(或硫供体试剂)和主硫化促进剂的体系。除了所述基本硫化体系之外,在第一非制备阶段过程中和/或在制备阶段过程中引入各种已知的次硫化促进剂或硫化活化剂,如氧化锌、硬脂酸或等同化合物,或胍衍生物(特别是二苯胍),如随后所述。
以在0.5和12phr之间,特别地在1和10phr之间的优选含量使用硫。以在0.5和10phr之间,更优选在0.5和5.0phr之间的优选含量使用主硫化促进剂。
根据本发明优选的替代实施方案,锌和任何锌衍生物,例如ZnO,不包括在所用的次硫化促进剂或硫化活化剂中,或者它们可以根据组合物中0.5phr的最大锌并优选小于0.3phr使用。此外,根据另一优选的替代形式,不包括胍衍生物,例如二苯胍。
根据本发明的橡胶组合物也可以包含旨在制造轮胎(特别是胎面)的弹性体组合物中通常使用的全部或部分常见添加剂,例如增塑剂或增量油(无论后者是芳族或非芳族性质)、颜料、保护剂,例如抗臭氧蜡、化学抗臭氧剂或抗氧化剂、抗疲劳剂、增强树脂、亚甲基受体(例如酚醛清漆树脂)或亚甲基给体(例如HMT或H3M),如例如申请WO 02/10269中所描述的,基于硫或硫供体试剂和/或过氧化物和/或双马来酰亚胺的交联体系、硫化促进剂或硫化活化剂。
橡胶组合物的制备
本发明的橡胶组合物根据本领域技术人员公知的一般程序使用两个连续制备阶段在适当的混合器中制得:在直至130℃和200℃之间,优选145℃和185℃之间的最大温度的高温下进行热机械操作或捏合的第一阶段(有时描述为“非制备”阶段),接着在通常为120℃以下,例如60℃和100℃之间的较低温度下进行机械操作的第二阶段(有时描述为“制备”阶段),在此结束阶段过程中掺入交联或硫化体系。
可以设想一个或多个目标是制备弹性体和增强填料的母料的附加阶段,这些母料旨在在第一加工阶段期间引入。
随后,将由此获得的组合物压延成片(厚度为2至3mm)形式或橡胶薄片的形式以用于测量它们的物理或机械性质,或者挤出以形成在切割和/或组装为所需的尺寸之后可直接用作例如轮胎半成品(特别是轮胎胎面)的成型元件。
本发明的实施例
以下实施例特别地显示了双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(三乙氧基硅烷)(产物B1)和双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(二甲基乙氧基硅烷)(产物B2)的合成,如图1和图2所示,所述图1和图2表示了这些产物中每一种的NMR波谱。
氯异丁基三乙氧基硅烷的合成
该化合物可以通过对三乙氧基氢硅烷应用例如由Mark D.Westmeyer在申请WO2005118598中或由Mark Paul Bowman在申请EP 0 669 338中描述的程序获得,即由钌络合物催化,与具有式R2-C(CH2)Z-Hal的烯烃的氢化硅烷化反应。
双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(三乙氧基硅烷)(产物B1)的合成
反应在2升圆底烧瓶中进行,该圆底烧瓶配置有温度控制系统,回流冷凝器、机械搅拌器和滴液漏斗。预先用氮气吹扫装置1小时。
将硫(10.41g),硫化钠九水合物(44.48g)和氯化钠(33.14g)加入到水(665.0g)和甲苯(126.3g)的两相混合物中。将混合物的温度带到80℃并将介质在该温度下搅拌120分钟。从盐溶解时反应介质变为红色。
在86℃下加入四丁基氯化铵(9.94g,在50%的甲苯溶液中)。然后立即将氯异丁基三乙氧基硅烷(61.0g)在甲苯(457g)中的溶液置于滴液漏斗中并逐滴加入。添加持续2小时,反应介质的温度保持在84至86℃之间。添加结束后,将反应介质在85℃下再搅拌3小时。通过气相色谱分析混合物使得可以确认起始氯异丁基三乙氧基硅烷的完全消耗。
将反应介质的温度缓慢恢复到环境温度。分离水相。将800ml的水加入至有机相。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌,然后分离水相和有机相。将该洗涤重复六次,使得相的pH值等于7。
将有机相在30℃,小于1mm/Hg的压力下浓缩(在40分钟内受到该压力影响)。将获得的油在1mm/Hg,30℃下浓缩1小时30分钟。获得40g的棕色油状物。
获得的产物B1的NMR波谱示于图1中。
双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(二甲基乙氧基硅烷)(产物B2)的合成
反应在2升圆底烧瓶中进行,该圆底烧瓶配置有温度控制系统,回流冷凝器、机械搅拌器和滴液漏斗。
预先用氮气吹扫装置1小时。
将硫(10.33g),硫化钠九水合物(44.49g)和氯化钠(33.45g)加入到水(365.0g)和甲苯(115.8g)的两相混合物中。将混合物的温度带到80℃并将介质在该温度下搅拌120分钟。从盐溶解时反应介质变为红色。
在86℃下加入四丁基氯化铵(10.5g,在50%的甲苯溶液中)。然后立即将氯异丁基二甲基乙氧基硅烷(47.67g)在甲苯(449.91g)中的溶液置于滴液漏斗中并逐滴加入。添加持续2小时,反应介质的温度保持在84至86℃之间。添加结束后,将反应介质在85℃下再搅拌3小时。通过气相色谱分析混合物使得可以确认起始氯异丁基二甲基乙氧基硅烷的完全消耗。
将反应介质的温度缓慢恢复到环境温度。分离水相。将800ml的水加入至有机相。将混合物在环境温度下搅拌,然后分离水相和有机相。将该洗涤重复六次,使得相的pH值等于7。
将有机相在30℃,小于1mm/Hg的压力下浓缩(在40分钟内受到该压力影响)。将获得的油在1mm/Hg,30℃下浓缩1小时30分钟。获得39g的棕色油状物。
获得的产物B1的NMR波谱示于图2中。
橡胶组合物的制备
下面的测试以如下方式进行:将二烯弹性体(或二烯弹性体的混合物,如果合适的话),增强填料,偶联剂和除硫化体系之外的各种其它成分引入到初始容器温度约为60℃,填充70%的密闭式混合器中。然后在一个或两个阶段(捏合的总持续时间等于约7分钟)进行热机械加工(非制备阶段),直到达到约165℃的最大“出料”温度。回收并冷却由此获得的混合物,然后将硫和次磺酰胺促进剂加入在30℃下的外部混合器(同质精整机),混合所有物质(制备阶段)3至4分钟。
随后,将由此获得的组合物压延成片(厚度为2至3mm)形式或橡胶薄片的形式以用于测量它们的物理或机械性质,或者挤出以形成在切割和/或组装为所需的尺寸之后可直接用作例如轮胎半成品(特别是轮胎胎面)的成型元件。
所用的测量和测试
如下文所述,在固化前后表征橡胶组合物。
拉伸测试
这些测试使得能够确定弹性应力和断裂性质。除非另外指出,根据1988年9月的法国标准NF T 46-002进行测试。标称割线模量(或表观应力,以MPa计)在10%伸长(表示为M10),100%伸长(表示为M100)和300%伸长(表示为M300)下在第二次伸长(即在为测量本身提供的伸展速度下的一个调节循环之后)中进行测量。还测量断裂应力(以兆帕计)和断裂伸长(以%计)。所有这些拉伸测量在温度和湿度的标准条件下根据法国标准NF T 40-101(1979年12月)进行。
流变性
该测量根据标准DIN 53529-第3部分(1983年6月)使用振荡盘流变仪在150℃下进行。流变转矩随时间的变化Δ转矩描述了组合物的硬化随硫化反应的变化。测量根据标准DIN 53529-第2部分(1983年3月)进行:T0为诱导期,即用于启动硫化反应所必需的时间;Tα(例如T99)为获得α%的转化率,即在最小(CMin)和最大(Cmax)转矩之间差别的α%(例如99%)所必需的时间。还测量标记为K(表示为min-1)的转化率常数,其为一阶的,在30%和80%转化率之间计算得到,有可能用以评价硫化动力学。
测试
该测试的目的是证明,与使用TESPT的常规组合物相比,根据本发明的组合物的性能品质得到改善。
由此制备了根据前面部分中解释的方法,基于SBR,主要用二氧化硅增强的三种组合物,这些组合物在偶联剂的性质上彼此不同,这些偶联剂以等摩尔硅含量,在存在或不存在氧化锌(ZnO)的情况下使用,如下:
-不根据本发明的常规对照组合物C1包含作为偶联剂的TESPT以及常规的ZnO,
-不根据本发明的常规对照组合物C2包含作为偶联剂的常规硅烷二硫化物以及常规的ZnO,
-根据本发明的组合物C3包含作为偶联剂的产物B1以及ZnO,
-根据本发明的组合物C4包含作为偶联剂的产物B1但不包含ZnO。
应记住,TESPT是具有式[(C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3S2]2的双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物;其例如由Evonik以名称Si69(或X50S,当其以50重量%在炭黑上承载时)或由Witco以名称Silquest A1289出售(在两种情况下,多硫化物Sx的商业混合物的x的平均值约为4)。
TESPT的展开式为:
同样,硅烷二硫化物偶联剂双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二硫化物,例如由Evonik以名称Si75出售,是公知的。
四种组合物的配方(各种产品的含量以phr表示)和它们在固化后的性质(在150℃下约30分钟)分别在表1和表2中给出。
根据表2,出人意料地发现,与两种对照组合物C1和C2相比,根据本发明的组合物C3和C4表现出显著改善的增强(M300/M100)性质,并且可加工性(Cmin)也得到明显的改善。出人意料地,发现根据本发明组合物的性能品质的这些改善在具有ZnO的组合物中同样良好地发生,如在没有ZnO的组合物中那样。
表1
(1)具有27%的苯乙烯单元和24%的丁二烯部分的1,2-单元的SBR(Tg=-48℃),在弹性体链的末端带有硅烷醇官能团,并且以少量的重量比包含相同微观结构但Sn星形支化的链;
(2)炭黑N234,由Cabot Corporation出售;
(3)"HD"-型二氧化硅,来自Solvay的Zeosil 1165MP;
(6)产物B1(双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(三乙氧基硅烷)(产物B1));
(7)聚柠檬烯树脂(来自Cray Valley的Resine THER 8644);
(8)向日葵油,来自Novance的Lubrirob Tod 1880;
(9)二苯胍(来自Bayer的Vulkacit D);
(10)N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-对-苯二胺(来自Flexsys的Santoflex 6-PPD);
(11)N-环己基-2-苯基噻唑次磺酰胺(来自Flexsys的Santocure CBS)。
*调节硫含量以考虑用TESTP而不是产物Si75或B1(二硫化物S2基部)发生的硫的释放。
表2
Claims (14)
1.烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,其具有式(I):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OR3)3-n(I)
其中:
-R1,相同或不同,各自表示C1-C3烷基;
-R2,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R3,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至12个碳原子的一价烃基;
-Z,相同或不同,各自选自C1-C3亚烷基;
-x为大于或等于2的整数或分数;
-n为等于2的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多硫化物,其中,R3基团各自表示乙基基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多硫化物,其中,x在2至4的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多硫化物,其中,R1基团选自C1-C3烷基,Z基团选自亚甲基和亚乙基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多硫化物,其中R1和R2为甲基。
7.用于制备根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的具有式(I)的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物的方法,所述方法包括以下阶段:
●进行具有式R2-C(CH2)Z-Hal的烯烃与具有式Hal3-n(R1)nSi-H的含氢硅烷的氢化硅烷化,其中Hal=卤素,以得到具有下式的卤代有机硅烷,下文称为产物A:
Hal3-n(R1)nSi–CH2-(R2)CH–Z–Hal
●在惰性有机溶剂中,在有机碱或无机碱的存在下,对产物A进行醇解,以捕获形成的酰基卤和醇,以获得具有下式的烷氧基硅烷,产物C:
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi-CH2-(R2)CH-Z–Hal
●最后,通过多硫化物的作用对产物C进行硫化阶段,以得到具有式(I)的目标产物。
8.弹性体组合物,其基于至少一种二烯弹性体、作为增强填料的无机填料和作为偶联剂的烷氧基硅烷多硫化物,所述烷氧基硅烷多硫化物具有式(I):
(R3O)3-n(R1)nSi–CH2–(R2)CH–Z-Sx-Z-HC(R2)–CH2-Si(R1)n(OR3)3-n(I)
其中:
-R1,相同或不同,各自表示C1-C3烷基;
-R2,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至4个碳原子的一价烃基;
-R3,相同或不同,各自表示具有1至12个碳原子的一价烃基;
-Z,相同或不同,各自选自C1-C3亚烷基;
-x为大于或等于2的整数或分数;
-n为等于2的整数。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,x在2至4的范围内。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,R1基团选自C1-C3烷基,Z基团选自亚甲基和亚乙基。
11.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,偶联剂由双(2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二基)(二甲基乙氧基硅烷)多硫化物组成。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,所述二烯弹性体选自聚丁二烯、天然橡胶、合成聚异戊二烯、丁二烯共聚物、异戊二烯共聚物和这些弹性体的混合物。
13.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,增强无机填料的含量在30和150phr之间,增强填料主要为二氧化硅。
14.包含根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的弹性体组合物的轮胎。
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FR1662583A FR3060565A1 (fr) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | Polysulfure d'alcoxysilane |
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PCT/FR2017/053471 WO2018109335A1 (fr) | 2016-12-16 | 2017-12-08 | Polysulfure d'alcoxysilane |
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US20190359791A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
FR3060565A1 (fr) | 2018-06-22 |
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