CN110035929A - 特别地用于机动车辆的内部装饰的可背光式的装饰表面 - Google Patents

特别地用于机动车辆的内部装饰的可背光式的装饰表面 Download PDF

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CN110035929A
CN110035929A CN201780074340.0A CN201780074340A CN110035929A CN 110035929 A CN110035929 A CN 110035929A CN 201780074340 A CN201780074340 A CN 201780074340A CN 110035929 A CN110035929 A CN 110035929A
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ornament materials
film
temperature
perforation
pressure
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CN110035929B (zh
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诺曼·艾特尔
约阿希姆·托茨尔
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ESMANN AUTOMOBILE DEUTSCH GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内部装饰特别是用于汽车工业的平面装饰材料(11)，所述装饰材料具有穿孔(12)，所述平面装饰材料是用照明装置(18)在其后侧(13)上被照亮的，并且所述装饰材料允许所述照明装置(18)的一部分光从所述装饰材料(11)的所述后侧(13)穿过所述穿孔(12)到达所述装饰材料(11)的可见侧(14)，其中膜(20)粘附至所述装饰材料(11)的所述后侧(13)，并且所述穿孔(12)延伸穿过所述膜(20)直至所述装饰材料(11)的所述可见侧(14)，以及，所述膜(20)是通过温度和/或压力增加而可活化的粘性膜，该可活化的粘性膜能够在温度升高至温度T2和/或压力增加至压力p2的情况下永久地粘性结合至所述照明装置(18)上。本发明还涉及一种制造平面装饰材料的方法。

Description

特别地用于机动车辆的内部装饰的可背光式的装饰表面
本发明涉及一种可背光式的装饰表面，特别地用于机动车辆的内部装饰。
在车辆的内部设计领域，通常用平面装饰材料诸如皮革、人造皮革或欧缔兰或其他纺织物来对支撑件诸如仪器面板、门内饰、车辆顶篷或中心控制台进行层压。通常，平面装饰材料不是直接层压至支撑件上，而是在支撑件与装饰材料之间提供间隔编织织物或泡沫材料，以赋予吸引人的触觉印象。
溶剂、分散体或热熔粘性材料通常用于将这些层进行结合。
在过去的数年中，趋势已经朝向一种可背光式的表面发展。由此，光导基本应用于承载材料，该光导用诸如LED灯具之类的光源照明。在光导上方提供至少部分透明的层。在夜间操作即当光源打开时，光从光源被引导通过光导，并且然后在该部分透明的层的可透光的位置处通过该层，并且进入机动车辆内部空间中。为了实现均匀的空间光分布，通常在光导与部分可透光层之间提供漫射器。
特别是在黑暗中，可以用这种背光式或可背光式的表面在车辆内部空间中实现吸引人的环境照明，该照明在亮光下几乎不可见。
在高档车辆内部装饰领域，也希望能够使用高品质不透明或半透明装饰材料诸如皮革或人造皮革来制造可用的背光式的表面。因为这种装饰材料是不透明的或非半透明的，所以需要在这些材料中引入孔或穿孔，使得装饰材料后侧上的光导中的光可以穿过装饰材料到可见侧上。
然而，如果将孔或穿孔引入装饰材料中并随后将粘性材料施加至装饰材料的后侧上以便将所述材料结合至漫射器或光导，则粘性材料的一部分侵入装饰材料中的孔或穿孔中。因为粘性材料位于光导与可见侧之间的穿孔中，并且粘性材料因此也是“背光式的”，所以一方面，粘性材料从装饰材料的可见侧是可见的，这看起来不好看。另一方面，穿孔中不同量和分布的粘性材料也导致传输穿过穿孔的光的强度和分布在穿孔间波动，从而不能实现均匀照射。
此外，希望这种背光式装饰材料的制造满足工业批量生产中的生产工艺的要求，即，切割成一定大小的穿孔的装饰材料可以在数周非破坏性地存储并且仅在稍后的时间点层压到照明元件上。DE 10 2011 082 344 A1公开了一种用于内部装饰的具有穿孔的平面装饰材料，该装饰材料是用照明装置在其后侧上被照亮的，并且该装饰材料允许照明装置的一部分光从装饰材料后侧通过穿孔到装饰材料的可见侧。在这种情况下，由此皮革制成对应的形状，并且穿孔随后被引入所述皮革的后侧中，以避免在成形期间穿孔变形。最后，如果需要，皮革在可见侧和/或后侧上涂覆有透明阻挡膜，或者将稳定材料引入开口中。然后将皮革层压到承载材料上。
DE 10 2007 006 201 A1公开了一种膜，该膜是可在温度和/或压力增加时活化的粘性膜。
本发明的目的在于提供一种可背光式的装饰材料，该装饰材料包括视觉上吸引人的、限定透射，并且同时满足工业批量生产中生产工艺的要求。为此效果公开一种制造方法同样是本发明的目的。
该目的通过权利要求1和权利要求11的特征实现。
根据本发明的平面装饰材料包括穿孔并且是用照明装置在其后侧上被照亮的，并且该装饰材料允许照明装置的一部分光从装饰材料的后侧穿过，通过穿孔，到达装饰材料的可见侧，其中膜粘附至装饰材料的后侧，并且穿孔延伸穿过该膜到装饰材料的可见侧，并且该膜是可由温度和/或压力增加而活化的粘性膜，该膜在压力p2的作用下和/或在增加至温度T2的温度下，可以永久粘性地结合或层压至照明装置上。
由于装饰材料的后侧被结合至膜或首先结合至膜，并且随后只有穿孔被引入到膜与装饰材料的复合件中，因此没有粘性材料能渗透到穿孔中，并且穿孔内的光束路径不会被破坏，从而在穿孔的区域中实现了光学吸引和可再现的透射或背光。
根据本发明，该膜是潜反应粘性膜，即为通过温度增加和/或在压力的作用下可以变黏以用于永久粘性结合的粘性膜。在这些“永久粘性结合的活化条件”下，即温度升高至温度T2和/或在压力p2的作用下，膜是非常黏的，并且所述膜然后可以被层压至照明装置上并且可以完全交联。
特别优选地，通过温度增加至T2并且压力增加至p2发生活化。
在低于由温度T2和压力p2构成的“永久粘性结合的活化条件”的情况下，粘性膜也是不黏的，在低于温度T1或低于压力p1的情况下也是如此。在高于温度T1和压力p1——该温度T1和压力p1一起形成“用于预固定的活化条件”——的情况下，粘性膜有些黏，即在预固定工艺的框架内，黏性达到粘性膜可以被层压至皮革后侧上并且粘附在皮革后侧的程度。在温度T1和压力p1时将粘性膜层压至皮革上之后，可以再次将复合件冷却至室温，进行穿孔，并在常压下储存。
通常，在预固定之前将装饰材料和膜切割成一定大小，并且然后仅预固定。
一般来说，装饰材料和膜的经穿孔的切割成一定大小的区段可以在凉爽、干燥的地方存储持续长达6个月的较长时间，并且如果需要，可以被运输，从而然后在比温度T1更高的温度T2和/或比压力p1更高的压力p2的作用下即在永久粘性结合的活化条件下结合至照明装置上。
可替代地，装饰材料和膜的切割成一定大小的区段将在预固定和存储之后被冷却，并且仅在稍后的时间点将穿孔引入到切割成一定大小的区段中，并且然后经穿孔的切割成一定大小的区段—如果需要使用另外的中间存储—被层压至照明装置上——在活化条件T2和/或p2下，用于永久粘性结合。
因为可以将涂覆有潜反应粘性膜的装饰材料存储数月，并且仅在稍后的时间点在接触压力p2和升高的温度T2下活化所述材料，并且将所述材料层压在相应的部分即照明装置上，满足了工业串行组装的要求。
借助于膜层压至照明装置上的装饰材料可以随后经由照明装置的下侧结合至承载元件，诸如门装饰件、间隔编织织物或泡沫材料。
用于预固定的温度T1即膜略微黏且可以被预固定的温度通常范围低于60℃，优选地介于40℃与55℃之间。然而，根据所使用的粘性膜，温度也可以更高或更低。用于预固定的压力p1通常范围达20N/cm2，优选地介于10N/cm2与20N/cm2之间，并且特别优选地为大约15N/cm2。
用于永久粘性结合的活化温度T2通常为至少60℃，并且优选地介于70℃与110℃之间。在这些温度下，可以实现最佳的、几乎不可拆卸的结合，而不会经由热输入而损坏装饰材料。然而，根据所使用的粘性膜，温度也可以更高或更低。
根据待压制的材料，用于交联活化(永久粘性结合)的接触压力p2的范围介于0.5N/cm2与25N/cm2之间，特别优选地是介于0.5N/cm2与2.0N/cm2之间。接触压力足够高，使得它们可以进行预固定或交联活化，但是足够低使装饰材料不被损坏。
活化后，粘附必须仍完全交联。通常，通过更长的活化时间可以减少必要的(后)交联时间。
通常，后交联时间为24至48小时。
通过温度和/或压力增加至T2和/或p2，在第一步骤中仅预固定的膜也在第一步骤中结合至装饰材料，该膜现在永久粘性结合至装饰材料。
装饰材料特别是平面材料如皮革、人造皮革、合成材料、欧缔兰，或者也是纺织材料。通常，装饰材料是不透光的。装饰材料层厚度优选地范围介于0.5mm与3.0mm之间，特别优选地介于0.8mm与2.0mm之间。
该膜特别是在聚氨酯基础上制造的具有整合的第二组分的粘性材料膜，该第二组分在活化至温度T2和压力p2的过程中开始与第一组分反应，并因而产生高强度结合。第二组分优选的为异氰酸酯，该异氰酸酯优选地以包封形式存在。
通常，膜的层厚度介于25微米与200微米之间，并且优选地介于70微米与130微米之间。
然而，在本发明的变形体中，装饰材料也可以具有轻微的透光性，使得即使没有穿孔，在背光时，在装饰材料的可见侧上也已经存在最小光量。
基本上可以将穿孔的最大差异引入到装饰材料中。在第一优选实施方式中，穿孔分别与另外的穿孔间隔开均一的距离，在另外的实施方式中，穿孔彼此间的距离不同。
任意形状的穿孔都是可能的，圆形穿孔、矩形、三角形穿孔、星形穿孔、方形穿孔、字母、标识等。穿孔越大，越多的光穿过穿孔，背光越亮。
也可以将各种不同的穿孔组合。
背光的更亮的中间区域可以例如通过以下方式实现：中间处的穿孔更大和/或比外围区域中的穿孔设置有距彼此更小的距离。
通常，穿孔的直径应该介于0.5与5mm之间，优选地介于0.8与3mm之间，从而一方面经由穿孔实现光的最小通路，然而，另一方面，也维持装饰材料的材料特性、视觉外观、触觉和平整度。
穿孔基本上具有筒形形状，即穿孔在与装饰材料的表面成直角的情况下延伸。穿孔都可以具有相同的截面或不同的截面。
照明装置包括光源，诸如例如LED灯具。另外，照明装置也可以包括例如硅的光导、光漫射器和反射器。
光漫射器其可以是非交织材料、间隔编织织物或另一光散射纺织物通常设置在膜的背离装饰层的那侧上并确保漫射光辐射到穿孔中。
通常，反射器设置在光导的另一侧上，这使得光沿着光导被引导并到达所有穿孔。
优选地，该膜结合至漫射器的面向上方侧，该漫射器又位于光导的面向上方侧，并且其中反射器设置在光导的下侧。光源例如LED灯具横向于光导定位，光源的光照射到光导中。
当然，这些部件也可以以不同的方式设置。
下面，本发明还基于示例性实施方式进行描述。
以下示出的是：
图1是具有背光式装饰层的门装饰件的层构造的示意图，
图2是图1的区域A的放大视图，其中膜也是可见的，以及
图3是背光的一般功能原理的图示。
图1和图2中的装饰材料11，其可见侧14向上面向车辆内部空间中。
在图2中的放大图示中，可看出装饰材料11经由其后侧13在整个表面上与膜20结合。
在预固定之前，将装饰材料11和膜20切成一定大小。
膜20是潜反应粘性膜，所述膜20在第一温度T1和在第一接触压力p1其范围大致为50℃和5N/cm2下可以转变为略微黏的状态以用于预固定。在这种状态下，膜20，经由图2中的所述膜20的面向上方的那侧，被轻微地结合到装饰材料11的后侧13(预固定)。该预固定足以避免在存储期间或在穿孔期间粘性膜与装饰材料11分离或滑动。
可在H.B.Fuller获得的名称为FlexeeTMEM9002的膜可以例如用作膜20，并且层厚度优选为100微米。
在预固定之后，现在可以例如借助于冲压将穿孔12引入到膜20和装饰材料11的固定的切割成一定大小的区段中。这里，穿孔12延伸穿过装饰材料11并穿过膜20。
在图1和图3中，穿孔12之间的间隔部分地不同。
然后，根据具体情况，可以在长达6个月的存储之后将经穿孔的切割成一定大小的区段活化到75℃至110℃的活化温度T2，并且然后经穿孔的切割成一定大小的区段可以在5至20N/cm2的接触压力下永久粘性地结合至照明装置18。由此在膜20与照明装置18之间实现牢固的粘性连接。在永久粘性结合的活化条件下，同时也实现了装饰材料11与膜20之间的由于预固定仍未完全粘附的完全交联。
如果需要，可以随后将另一间隔编织织物或泡沫材料26层压至照明装置18的背离装饰材料11的那侧，并且然后复合件可以经由间隔编织织物或泡沫材料26的下侧被结合至门装饰件的支撑件25。当然，间隔编织织物26也可以首先与支撑件25粘附，并且然后可以在其上结合有装饰材料11/膜20/照明装置18的复合件。同样，在层结构中，也可以省略间隔编织织物或泡沫材料26。
照明装置18包括诸如LED灯具的光源21、优选挠曲性光导22、反射器24和漫射器23。漫射器23是平面的，并且可以例如是非交织材料。该漫射器23用于使在光源21中生成的光漫射，从而防止光定向的、使人炫目的辐射。
在该变体中，漫射器23形成照明装置18的上外侧。在不需要漫射背光的情况下，也可以省略漫射器23。

Claims (15)

1.用于内部装饰的平面装饰材料(11)，所述装饰材料具有穿孔(12)，所述装饰材料是用照明装置(18)而在所述装饰材料的后侧(13)被照亮的；并且所述装饰材料允许所述照明装置(18)的一部分光从所述装饰材料(11)的所述后侧(13)穿过所述穿孔(12)到达所述装饰材料(11)的可见侧(14)，其中，膜(20)粘附至所述装饰材料(11)的所述后侧(13)，以及，所述穿孔(12)延伸穿过所述膜(20)直至所述装饰材料(11)的所述可见侧(14)，以及，所述膜(20)是能够在温度和/或压力增加的情况下活化的粘性膜，并且所述热可活化膜和/或压力可活化膜(20)是在如下用于预固定的应用条件下被预层压至所述装饰材料(11)的所述后侧(13)上的：即，第一温度升高至温度T1，所述温度T1低于温度T2；和/或第一压力增加至压力p1，所述压力p1低于或等于压力p2的条件，并且其中，所述可活化的粘性膜能够在温度升高至温度T2和/或压力增加至压力p2的情况下永久地粘性结合至所述照明装置(18)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述穿孔(12)具有筒形形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述温度T1小于60℃，并且特别优选地所述温度T1介于40℃与55℃之间，和/或所述压力p1达20N/cm2，优选地所述压力p1介于10N/cm2与20N/cm2之间，特别优选地所述压力p1为大约15N/cm2。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述温度T2为至少60℃，优选地所述温度T2介于70℃与110℃之间，和/或所述压力p2介于0.5N/cm2与25N/cm2之间，并且优选地所述压力p2介于0.5N/cm2与2.0N/cm2之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述膜(20)是在聚氨酯基础上制造的具有整合的第二组分的粘性材料膜，所述第二组分在活化至温度T2和压力p2的过程中开始与所述第一组分反应，并因而产生高强度结合。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述膜(20)的层厚度介于25微米与200微米之间，并且优选地，所述膜(20)的层厚度介于70微米与130微米之间。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述装饰材料(11)中的所述穿孔(12)之间的距离是相同的或者不同的。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述穿孔(12)均具有相同的形状或者不同的形状，和/或所述穿孔(12)均具有相同的大小或者不同的大小，和/或所述穿孔(12)均具有相同的截面或者不同的截面。
9.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，设置有照明装置(18)，并且所述照明装置(18)包括光源(21)和光导(22)和/或漫射器(23)和/或反射器(24)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，在所述照明装置(18)的后侧下方，设置有支撑件(25)、间隔件编织织物或泡沫材料，所述支撑件(25)特别是门装饰件。
11.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，所述装饰材料(11)的层厚度优选地介于0.5mm与3.0mm之间，并且特别优选地，所述装饰材料(11)的层厚度介于0.8mm与2.0mm之间。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的装饰材料(11)，其特征在于，穿孔(12)的直径介于0.5mm与5mm之间，优选地，所述穿孔(12)的直径介于0.8mm与3mm之间。
13.一种用于制造可背光式装饰材料的方法，其中，首先将在第一温度T1和第一压力p1下变黏的膜(20)在所述温度T1和所述压力p1下层压至平面的所述装饰材料(11)的后侧(13)上，并且随后或在储存之后，在稍后的时间点将多个穿孔(12)引入到装饰材料(11)与膜(20)的复合件中，并且随后或在存储之后，在加热至高于所述温度T1的温度T2的情况下，将经穿孔的所述复合件层压至照明装置(18)上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装饰材料(11)和所述膜(20)被切割成一定大小。
15.根据权利要求1至12中的一项所述的装饰材料在汽车工业中的用途。
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