WO2021195868A1 - 具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰 - Google Patents

具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021195868A1
WO2021195868A1 PCT/CN2020/082143 CN2020082143W WO2021195868A1 WO 2021195868 A1 WO2021195868 A1 WO 2021195868A1 CN 2020082143 W CN2020082143 W CN 2020082143W WO 2021195868 A1 WO2021195868 A1 WO 2021195868A1
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Prior art keywords
fabric
dimensional spacer
thread
spacer fabric
mesh
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PCT/CN2020/082143
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
喻冬青
宋伟锋
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加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/082143 priority Critical patent/WO2021195868A1/zh
Publication of WO2021195868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021195868A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automotive interior materials, in particular to a three-dimensional spacer fabric with high light transmittance, artificial leather and automotive interior decoration.
  • Artificial leather is a kind of plastic product that looks and feels like leather and can replace it. It has the characteristics of softness and wear resistance, and can be widely used in luggage, car interiors, etc.
  • sponges or three-dimensional spacer fabrics are usually arranged on the inner side of the artificial leather.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric is a three-dimensional fabric, which is composed of two fabric layers and a support layer formed between the two fabric layers by spacer yarns.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric has compressive elasticity, air permeability, moisture absorption, and moisture conductivity. Advantages of structural integrity and formability.
  • artificial leather products are no longer just covering materials. More and more functions are expected to be introduced into the development process of artificial leather.
  • artificial leather can have certain functions.
  • the light transmittance can thus improve the atmosphere in the car with the help of the background light source.
  • due to the low light transmittance of the existing three-dimensional spacer fabrics like sponges it is difficult to realize the aforementioned desired scenes, or the three-dimensional spacer fabrics or sponges can only be eliminated, thereby sacrificing elasticity and reducing tactility.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional spacer fabric, artificial leather and car interior with high light transmittance, so as to realize the scene of improving the atmosphere in the car through the car interior.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional spacer fabric with high light transmittance, used as a buffer layer of artificial leather material, comprising two fabric layers arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, and a support connecting the two fabric layers Layer, the supporting layer is formed by connecting threads, and the connecting threads include a supporting thread portion located between the two fabric layers and a connecting thread portion woven into the two fabric layers, each of the fabric layers
  • a plurality of meshes are formed by woven fabric threads and formed by at least the fabric threads, characterized in that the fabric threads and the connecting threads are both transparent or translucent monofilaments, and the maximum span size of the meshes is the same as that of the
  • the ratio of the diameters of the fabric threads is 8-32, and the size of the mesh is greater than 10 meshes, and the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spaced fabric is greater than or equal to 70%.
  • the diameter of the fabric thread and the connecting thread are both 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
  • the light transmittance of the fabric thread and the connecting thread are both 50% to 70%.
  • the plurality of meshes are formed by the fabric thread and the connecting line part, the mesh is a polygonal hole, and in each side of the polygon, the fabric thread and the connecting line part The sum of the number of roots does not exceed 7.
  • the mesh is a quadrilateral hole, wherein the number of fabric threads on two adjacent sides is one, and the number of fabric threads on the other two sides does not exceed three.
  • the side length of the quadrilateral is 0.9 to 1.1 mm.
  • the thickness of the support layer is 1 to 3 mm.
  • the fabric thread and the connecting thread are both uncolored threads.
  • the supporting wire portion is arranged in an I-shape.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the support layer to the diameter of the support line portion is 6 to 55.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an artificial leather including single leather attached together and the three-dimensional spacer fabric as described above.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides an automotive interior including the artificial leather as described above.
  • both the fabric thread and the connecting thread adopt transparent or translucent monofilament, and the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh to the diameter of the fabric thread is 8-32.
  • the size of the holes is greater than 10 meshes. In this way, the elasticity of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can be ensured, and the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can be increased so that the light transmittance is greater than or equal to 70%.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional spacer fabric provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a fabric layer of a three-dimensional spacer fabric according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the artificial leather provided by the present invention.
  • test method for transmittance (Transmittance) described in this application is: ASTM E1348.
  • the present application Based on the requirement of realizing that the artificial leather surface in the interior of the car can transmit the light of the background light source to improve the atmosphere in the car, the present application expects to provide assistance by increasing the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the present application provides a three-dimensional spacer fabric with high light transmittance, used as a buffer layer of artificial leather
  • the support is formed so that the artificial leather meets the strength requirements, and it can be bonded to the base fabric of the artificial leather.
  • the three-dimensional spaced fabric includes two fabric layers 100 arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other and a support layer 200 connecting the two fabric layers 100.
  • the support layer 200 is formed by connecting threads 210, and the connecting threads 210 include two textile layers 100.
  • the supporting line portion 211 and the connecting line portion respectively woven into the two fabric layers 100, each fabric layer 100 is woven from the fabric yarn 300 and at least the fabric yarn 300 forms a plurality of meshes 110.
  • the fabric thread 300 and the connecting thread 210 are both transparent or translucent monofilaments.
  • a transparent or translucent thread is used, for example, both are made of a transparent material such as polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the light transmittance of the fabric yarn 300 and the connecting yarn 210 reaches 50% to 70%, thereby improving the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spaced fabric.
  • the fabric yarn 300 and the connecting yarn 210 are made of monofilament, which is compared with multi-strand yarn twisting. Weaving after forming a bundle, the use of monofilament on the one hand can further improve the light transmittance, on the other hand, it can avoid the appearance of the mesh 110 on the surface of the fabric.
  • translucent refers to allowing light to pass but not necessarily conforming to Snell's law, that is, translucent media allows light transmission, and transparent media not only allows light transmission, but also allows image formation.
  • the present application also defines the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh 110 to the diameter of the fabric thread 300, wherein if the ratio is too large, it will be difficult to ensure the support ability and elasticity, and it will easily penetrate on the surface of the fabric under the illumination of the light source. If the ratio is too small, it will cause serious light blocking.
  • the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh 110 to the diameter of the fabric thread 300 is set to 8-32, and the maximum span size of the mesh refers to The distance between the two points with the largest distance on the outline of the mesh 110. For example, when the mesh 110 is square, the maximum span is the length of the diagonal.
  • the mesh density is set such that the size of the mesh 110 is greater than 10 mesh, and is more preferably 14 to 25 mesh, for example, 14 mesh, 16 mesh, 18 mesh, 20 mesh, 25 mesh, in a specific embodiment ,
  • the mesh is quadrilateral, and its side length is 1mm.
  • the size of the mesh 110 is 18 meshes.
  • the light transmittance at the aligned mesh 110 is 100%, while the light transmittance in the thread area is 50% to 70%.
  • the light transmittance mentioned here is the average light transmittance per unit area of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the present application limits the overall thickness of the sides forming the mesh 110, so as to further improve the light transmittance and the light transmittance effect of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the sides of the mesh 110 can be formed only by the fabric thread 300, or can be formed by the fabric thread 300 and the connecting line portion of the connecting thread 210.
  • the overall thickness of the side forming the mesh 110 is equal to the diameter of the fabric thread 300.
  • the side of the mesh 110 is formed by the fabric thread 300 and the connecting line part of the connecting thread 210, it is related to the diameter of the fabric thread 300 and the diameter of the connecting line part
  • the side forming the mesh 110 The number of threads is related to the number of threads.
  • the diameters of the fabric threads 300 and the connecting threads 210 are both in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 mm, and the number of threads forming the sides of the mesh 110 does not exceed 7, for example, when the sides of the mesh 110 When there is both the textile thread 300 and the connecting thread part, the sum of the number of the textile thread 300 and the connecting thread part does not exceed 7. More preferably, the number of the textile thread 300 does not exceed 3, and the number of connecting thread parts does not exceed 7. More than 4. Further, the mesh 110 is usually set in a polygonal shape, and in each side forming the polygon, the number of the textile threads 300 does not exceed 3, and the number of the connecting line portions does not exceed 4.
  • the connecting wire portion of the connecting wire 210 is routed along the edge forming the mesh 110.
  • the connecting wire portion of the connecting wire 210 is along the polygonal shape.
  • the sides are detoured, so that the connecting line part will not cross the aperture of the mesh 110 to facilitate the passage of more light.
  • the number of detours of the connecting wire 210 on the sides of the polygon does not exceed 4 to form the mesh 110 There are no more than 4 connecting lines in the side.
  • the number of fabric threads 300 on each side can be the same or different.
  • the number of yarns 300 is 1, and the number of fabric yarns 300 on the two adjacent sides (thick sides) does not exceed 3.
  • the side length of the quadrilateral is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 mm, so that the three-dimensional spaced fabric has a very high Good support and good light transmittance can be achieved.
  • the mesh 110 has a hexagonal shape. Because the hexagonal structure is more stable, a smaller number of 300 fabric threads can be used under the premise of ensuring the supporting ability.
  • the number of roots can be set to 1.
  • the thickness of the support layer 200 is 1 to 3mm, in this way, it can not only ensure the comfort of the three-dimensional spacer fabric, but also obtain good light transmittance.
  • colorants such as titanium dioxide are added during the spinning process of the textile thread 300 and the connecting thread 210.
  • the textile thread 300 and the connecting thread 210 are not Colored silk thread.
  • the connecting thread 210 in the three-dimensional spacer fabric is in the shape of V, X, and IXI between the two fabric layers 100. It maintains good stability and pressure resistance. The applicant has found that this arrangement has a positive effect on light. Reduce the elimination effect, which will also affect the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the supporting line portion 211 is arranged in an I shape, thereby minimizing the location of the mesh 110 from the direction perpendicular to the fabric layer 100.
  • the inner support line 211 so as to ensure the passage of more light.
  • the thickness of the support layer 200 that is, the length of the support line portion 211, will affect the support performance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the combination of the thickness of the support layer 200 and the connecting thread 210 is defined to further ensure the mechanical properties of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the support layer 200 to the diameter of the support line portion 211 is 6 to 55, and more preferably 18 to 20.
  • an artificial leather as shown in FIG. 3, which comprises a single leather 20 attached together and a three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 as described above.
  • the light transmittance of the single leather 20 is greater than 12%, Since the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 adopts the above-mentioned structure, the light transmittance of the formed artificial leather is greater than 8%.
  • the artificial leather can be applied to car interiors, such as car seats, car roofs, car center consoles, etc. In this way, a light source is set on the car's skeleton and other places where the artificial leather is covered. When the light source is turned off, it will appear as conventional Interior effect, and when the light source is lit, the light transmission effect of artificial leather can be realized.
  • the single leather 20 can be processed with the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 through an integral process.
  • the single leather 20 includes a skin layer, a support layer and a glue layer.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 is pasted. Attached to the glue layer to make the two stick together.
  • the skin layer is a colored layer.
  • the toner added to the raw material for forming the skin layer is a toner with a nanometer particle size, for example, the particle size of the toner is 0.5-10 nm.
  • the light transmittance of artificial leather with this structure can reach 9% to 17%.
  • the single leather 20 can also be prepared first, and then the single leather 20 and the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 are pasted together by transparent glue.
  • the single leather 20 includes a skin layer, a support layer, a glue layer and a fabric
  • the fabric layer can be, for example, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, etc.
  • the fabric layer is pasted with the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 by transparent glue.
  • the light transmittance of artificial leather with this structure can reach 8% to 15%. Since the arrangement of the fabric layer will have a certain influence on the light transmittance, preferably, the glue layer and the fabric layer can be omitted, and the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 is used as the support structure of the single leather.
  • the single leather 20 includes a skin layer and
  • the support layer which is pasted with the three-dimensional spacer fabric 10 by transparent glue, can further increase the light transmittance of the artificial leather, and the light transmittance of the artificial leather of this structure can reach 10% to 18%.
  • the above-mentioned glue layer is a material layer formed by a single leather preparation process, such as a calendering process or a release paper coating process, and is a part of the single leather.
  • the raw materials for forming the glue layer include PVC powder and other main materials and increase Plasticizers, stabilizers, etc.
  • the above-mentioned transparent glue refers to glues with good permeability such as hot melt adhesives, which are coated on the single leather after the preparation is completed, so as to bond with the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the present application also provides an automobile interior, including the above-mentioned artificial leather, so as to realize the light transmittance of the automobile interior.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰。三维间隔型织物，用作人造革材料的缓冲层，包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层和支撑层，支撑层由连接丝线形成，连接丝线包括位于两个织物层之间的支撑线部和织入织物层的连接线部，织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由织物丝线形成多个网孔，织物丝线和连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝，网孔的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线的直径之比为8-32，且网孔的尺寸大于10目，三维间隔型织物的透光率大于或等于70％。本发明提供的具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物既能够保证三维间隔型织物的弹性，又能够提高三维间隔型织物的透光率，以使其透光率大于或等于70％。

Description

具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车内饰材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰。
背景技术
人造革是一种外观、手感似皮革并可代替其使用的塑料制品，具有柔软、耐磨等特点，可广泛用于箱包、汽车内饰等。为满足弹性需求，例如当其应用于汽车座椅等汽车内饰时，通常要在人造革的内侧设置海绵或三维间隔型织物。三维间隔型织物是一种立体织物，其由两个织物层以及由间隔纱形成在两个织物层之间的支撑层组成，三维间隔型织物具有抗压弹性、透气性、吸湿、导湿性以及结构整体性和可成型性等优点。
随着人们对于汽车内饰质量及舒适度要求的不断提升，人造革产品不再是单纯的包覆性材料，越来越多的功能希望被引入到人造革开发过程中，例如使人造革能具备一定的透光能力从而可借助于背景光源来改善车内氛围。然而，由于现有三维间隔型织物和海绵一样透光率很低，使得上述希望的场景难以实现，或者只能取消三维间隔型织物或海绵，从而以牺牲弹性、降低触感的方式实现。
发明内容
基于上述现状，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰，以实现通过汽车内饰来改善车内氛围的场景。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明的第一方面提供了一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物，用作人造革材料的缓冲层，包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述 织物层之间的支撑线部和分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，每个所述织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个网孔，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝，所述网孔的最大跨度尺寸与所述织物丝线的直径之比为8-32，且所述网孔的尺寸大于10目，所述三维间隔型织物的透光率大于或等于70％。
优选地，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线的直径均为0.05至0.15mm。
优选地，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线的透光率均为50％至70％。
优选地，所述多个网孔由所述织物丝线和所述连接线部共同形成，所述网孔为多边形孔，所述多边形的各条边中，所述织物丝线和所述连接线部的根数之和不超过7。
优选地，所述网孔为四边形孔，其中相邻两条边的织物丝线的根数为1，另两条边的织物丝线的根数不超过3。
优选地，所述四边形的边长为0.9至1.1mm。
优选地，所述支撑层的厚度为1至3mm。
优选地，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线均为未着色丝线。
优选地，所述支撑线部呈I型设置。
优选地，所述支撑层的厚度与所述支撑线部的直径之比为6至55。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种人造革，包括贴附在一起的单革和如上所述的三维间隔型织物。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种汽车内饰，包括如上所述的人造革。
本发明提供的具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物中，织物丝线和连接丝线均采用透明或半透明单丝，且网孔的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线的直径之比为8-32，网孔的尺寸大于10目，如此，既能够保证三维间隔型织物的弹性，又能够提高三维间隔型织物的透光率，以使其透光率大于或等于70％。
本发明的其他有益效果，将在具体实施方式中通过具体技术特征和技术方案的介绍来阐述，本领域技术人员通过这些技术特征和技术方案的介绍，应能理解所述技术特征和技术方案带来的有益技术效果。
附图说明
以下将参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述。图中：
图1为本发明提供的三维间隔型织物的剖视图；
图2为本发明提供的一种优选实施方式的三维间隔型织物的织物层的俯视图；
图3为本发明提供的人造革的结构示意图。
图中，100、织物层；110、网孔；200、支撑层；210、连接丝线；211、支撑线部；300、织物丝线；10、三维间隔型织物；20、聚合物层。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述，但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分，为了避免混淆本发明的实质，公知的方法、过程、流程、元件并没有详细叙述。
此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的，并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本申请中所述的透光率(Transmittance)的测试方法为：ASTM E1348。
基于实现汽车内饰中人造革表面能够透出背景光源的光从而改善车内氛围的需求，本申请期望通过提高三维间隔型织物的透光率来提供助力。
针对现有三维间隔型织物存在的透光性差的问题，若要提高透光率，可以设置尽可能小的网孔密度，以及尽可能大的网孔面积，从而更有利于更多的光通过，但申请人发现，网孔密度过小会严重影响三维间隔型织物的支撑能力和弹性，若要保证三维间隔型织物的支撑能力和弹性，则势必要增加织物丝线的粗度，这样在光源照射下非常容易在人造革表面呈现出网孔的轮廓，影响美观性。另外，在实现透光率提高的同时，还必须要兼顾弹性和支撑能力，以便保持汽车内饰应有的舒适性等要求。
基于此，如图1所示，本申请提供了一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物， 用作人造革材料的缓冲层，既可以是用作人造革的基布以对人造革的其他各层形成支撑使得人造革满足强度要求，又可以是与人造革的基布粘接。该三维间隔型织物包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层100以及连接两个织物层100的支撑层200，支撑层200由连接丝线210形成，连接丝线210包括位于两个织物层100之间的支撑线部211和分别织入两个织物层100的连接线部(图中未示出)，每个织物层100由织物丝线300织成并至少由织物丝线300形成多个网孔110。其中，织物丝线300和连接丝线210均为透明或半透明的单丝，首先，采用透明或半透明的丝线，例如均采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯这种透明材料制成，优选使得织物丝线300和连接丝线210的透光率达到50％至70％，进而提高三维间隔型织物的透光性，另外，织物丝线300和连接丝线210均采用单丝，相较于多股丝线拧成一束后再进行编织，采用单丝一方面能够进一步提高透光性，另一方面能够避免在织物表面呈现网孔110的轮廓。可以理解的是，此处的半透明指的是允许光线通过但不一定符合斯奈尔定律，即半透明介质允许光的传输，而透明介质不仅允许光的传输，而且允许图像形成。
进一步地，本申请还对网孔110的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线300的直径之比进行了限定，其中，该比值过大将难以保证支撑能力和弹性，且在光源的照射下容易在织物表面透出网孔的轮廓，而比值过小则会造成严重挡光，本申请中，网孔110的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线300的直径之比设置为8-32，网孔最大跨度尺寸指的是网孔110轮廓线上距离最大的两个点的连线距离，例如，当网孔110为方形时，其最大跨度尺寸为其对角线的长度。另外，将网孔密度设置为，网孔110尺寸大于10目，进一步优选为14至25目，例如，为14目、16目、18目、20目、25目，在一个具体的实施例中，网孔为四边形，其边长为1mm，此时的网孔110尺寸为18目，通过对网孔密度的设置，既保证了三维间隔型织物的支撑性能，又使其在具备高透光性(透光率大于或等于70％)的同时达到很好的透光效果(既能透光又不会在织物表面呈现轮廓)。可以理解的是，由于三维间隔型织物存在很多对正的网孔结构，在对正的网孔110处透光率为100％，而在丝线区域透光度则为50％至70％，此处所述的透光率为三维间隔型织物单位面积的平均透光率。
进一步优选地，本申请通过对形成网孔110的边的整体粗度进行限定，从而进一步提高三维间隔型织物的透光率以及透光效果。网孔110的边可以是仅 由织物丝线300形成，也可以是由织物丝线300和连接丝线210的连接线部共同形成，形成网孔110的边的整体粗度一方面与织物丝线300的直径相关(当网孔110的边由织物丝线300和连接丝线210的连接线部共同形成时则与织物丝线300的直径以及连接线部的直径均相关)，另一方面与形成网孔110的边的丝线根数相关，本申请中，织物丝线300和连接丝线210的直径均在0.05至0.15mm范围内，且形成网孔110的边的丝线数不超过7，例如，当网孔110的边既有织物丝线300又有连接线部时，织物丝线300和连接线部的根数之和不超过7，进一步优选地，织物丝线300的条数不超过3条，连接线部的条数不超过4。进一步地，网孔110通常设置为多边形，在形成多边形的各条边中，织物丝线300的根数不超过3，连接线部的根数不超过4。为了避免连接丝线210对光线的遮挡，优选地，连接丝线210的连接线部沿形成网孔110的边走线，例如，当网孔110为多边形时，连接丝线210的连接线部沿多边形的边迂回，如此，使得连接线部不会跨越网孔110的孔口，以利于更多光线的通过，进一步优选地，连接丝线210在多边形的边上的迂回次数不超过4即形成网孔110的边中连接线部的根数不超过4条。
各条边的织物丝线300的根数可以相同也可以不同，例如，在一个优选的实施例中，如图2所示，网孔110呈四边形，其中相邻的两边(细线边)的织物丝线300的根数为1，另外相邻的两边(粗线边)的织物丝线300的根数不超过3，四边形的边长优选为0.9至1.1mm，如此，使得三维间隔型织物既具有很好的支撑性，又能够达到很好的透光性。再例如，网孔110呈六边形，由于六边形的结构更加稳定，因此在保证支撑能力的前提下可采用更少的织物丝线300根数，六边形的个边的织物丝线300的根数均可设置为1。
进一步地，申请人发现，当支撑层200较厚时，会造成光线的散射，影响透光性能，而当支撑层200较薄时会影响乘坐的舒适度，优选地，支撑层200的厚度为1至3mm，如此，既能保证三维间隔型织物的舒适度，又能获得很好的透光性能。
通常情况下，在织物丝线300、连接丝线210的纺丝过程中添加二氧化钛等着色剂，本申请中，为了提高三维间隔型织物的通透性，优选地，织物丝线300、连接丝线210为未着色丝线。
目前三维间隔型织物中的连接丝线210在两个织物层100之间呈V型、X 型、IXI型以其保持良好的稳定性和抗压性，申请人发现，这种设置方式对光线具有减弱消除作用，这也会影响三维间隔型织物的透光性，基于此，本申请中，支撑线部211呈I型设置，从而最大程度的降低从垂直于织物层100方向看位于网孔110内的支撑线部211，从而保证更多光线的通过。支撑层200的厚度即支撑线部211的长度会影响三维间隔型织物的支撑性能，本申请中，通过对支撑层200的厚度与连接丝线210的组合限定进一步保证三维间隔型织物的力学性能，优选地，支撑层200的厚度与支撑线部211的直径之比为6至55，进一步优选地为18至20。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种人造革，如图3所示，其包括贴附在一起的单革20和如上所述的三维间隔型织物10，单革20的透光率大于12％，由于三维间隔型织物10采用上述结构，使得形成的人造革的透光率大于8％。该人造革可应用于汽车内饰，例如用于汽车座椅、汽车顶棚、汽车中控台等位置，如此，在汽车的骨架等包覆人造革的位置设置光源，当光源关灭时，呈现常规的内饰效果，而当光源点亮时可实现人造革的透光效果。
其中的单革20可以与三维间隔型织物10通过整体工艺加工而成，例如，单革20包括表皮层、支撑层和胶水层，在制备的胶水层未干时，将三维间隔型织物10贴附于胶水层，以使得两者黏合在一起。其中的表皮层为带颜色层，为保证单革20的透光率，形成表皮层的原料中添加的色粉为纳米级粒径的色粉，例如色粉的粒径为0.5至10nm。这种结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到9％至17％。
当然，也可以首先将单革20制备完成，然后通过透明胶水将单革20与三维间隔型织物10粘贴在一起，在一个实施例中，单革20包括表皮层、支撑层、胶水层和织物层，织物层例如可以为针织布、无纺布等，织物层通过透明胶水与三维间隔型织物10粘贴在一起。这种结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到8％至15％。由于织物层的设置会对透光率有一定的影响，优选地，可省去胶水层和织物层，利用三维间隔型织物10作为单革的支撑结构，具体地，单革20包括表皮层和支撑层，支撑层通过透明胶水与三维间隔型织物10粘贴在一起，如此能够进一步提高人造革的透光率，该结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到10％至18％。
可以理解的是，上述的胶水层为通过单革制备工艺例如通过压延工艺或离 型纸涂覆工艺形成的材料层，是单革的一部分，形成胶水层的原料包括PVC粉末等主料以及增塑剂、稳定剂等，而上述的透明胶水指的是热熔胶等通透性较好的胶水，其是在单革制备完成后涂覆于其上的，以便与透光织物粘接。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种汽车内饰，包括上述的人造革，以实现汽车内饰的透光性。
本领域的技术人员能够理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各优选方案可以自由地组合、叠加。
应当理解，上述的实施方式仅是示例性的，而非限制性的，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以针对上述细节做出的各种明显的或等同的修改或替换，都将包含于本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物，用作人造革材料的缓冲层，包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部和分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，每个所述织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个网孔，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝，所述网孔的最大跨度尺寸与所述织物丝线的直径之比为8-32，且所述网孔的尺寸大于10目，所述三维间隔型织物的透光率大于或等于70％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线的直径均为0.05至0.15mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线的透光率均为50％至70％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述多个网孔由所述织物丝线和所述连接线部共同形成，所述网孔为多边形孔，所述多边形的各条边中，所述织物丝线和所述连接线部的根数之和不超过7。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述网孔为四边形孔，其中相邻两条边的织物丝线的根数为1，另两条边的织物丝线的根数不超过3。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述四边形的边长为0.9至1.1mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述支撑层的厚度为1至3mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线均为未着色丝线。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述支撑线部呈I型设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的三维间隔型织物，其特征在于，所述支撑层的厚度与所述支撑线部的直径之比为6至55。
  11. 一种人造革，其特征在于，包括贴附在一起的单革和如权利要求1至10任一项所述的三维间隔型织物。
  12. 一种汽车内饰，其特征在于，包括如权利要求11所述的人造革。
PCT/CN2020/082143 2020-03-30 2020-03-30 具有高透光率的三维间隔型织物、人造革及汽车内饰 WO2021195868A1 (zh)

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