WO2021195864A1 - 一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰 - Google Patents

一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021195864A1
WO2021195864A1 PCT/CN2020/082137 CN2020082137W WO2021195864A1 WO 2021195864 A1 WO2021195864 A1 WO 2021195864A1 CN 2020082137 W CN2020082137 W CN 2020082137W WO 2021195864 A1 WO2021195864 A1 WO 2021195864A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fabric
light
mesh
transmitting
thread
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/082137
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
喻冬青
宋伟锋
Original Assignee
加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司 filed Critical 加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
Priority to EP20859633.8A priority Critical patent/EP3909812A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/082137 priority patent/WO2021195864A1/zh
Priority to JP2021516592A priority patent/JP2023528093A/ja
Priority to MX2021002615A priority patent/MX2021002615A/es
Priority to CA3170559A priority patent/CA3170559A1/en
Publication of WO2021195864A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021195864A1/zh

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    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/275—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one woven fabric layer next to a non-woven fabric layer
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B32B5/2795—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by a knit fabric layer next to a woven fabric layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/547—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads with optical functions other than colour, e.g. comprising light-emitting fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
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    • D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
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    • B32B2250/244—All polymers belonging to those covered by group B32B27/36
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automotive interior materials, in particular to a light-transmitting fabric, artificial leather and automotive interiors.
  • a sponge layer is provided on the inner side of the surface leather layer in car interiors to obtain a softer touch.
  • problems such as poor elasticity, variability, and poor air permeability of the sponge layer, more and more Three-dimensional spacer fabrics are used in car interiors to replace sponges.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric is a three-dimensional fabric, which is composed of two fabric layers and a support layer formed between the two fabric layers by spacer yarns.
  • the three-dimensional spacer fabric has compressive elasticity, air permeability, moisture absorption, and moisture conductivity. Advantages of structural integrity and formability.
  • artificial leather products are no longer just covering materials. More and more functions are expected to be introduced into the development process of artificial leather.
  • artificial leather can have certain functions.
  • the light transmittance can thus improve the atmosphere in the car with the help of the background light source.
  • the commonly used spacer yarn configurations are V-type, X-type, and IXI-type. Because the spacer yarn can form a stable triangle structure with the upper and lower fabrics, the fabric can maintain good stability and compression resistance even if it is subjected to lateral load. The separation distance.
  • the spacer yarn Due to the above configuration of the spacer yarn, it has a significant effect of weakening and eliminating light, resulting in the very poor light transmittance of the existing three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the light source When it is wrapped on the surface of the frame or part, the light source is set on the frame or part.
  • the transmittance of the emitted light through the three-dimensional spacer fabric is low, which makes it difficult to realize the light-transmitting application scene of the car interior, or the three-dimensional spacer fabric or sponge can only be eliminated, thereby sacrificing elasticity and reducing the touch. .
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a light-transmitting fabric, artificial leather, and car interior, so as to realize the scene of improving the atmosphere in the car through the car interior.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a light-transmitting fabric, which includes two fabric layers arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, and further includes a support layer connecting the two fabric layers, the support layer being formed of connecting threads, and the connecting threads It comprises a support line part located between the two fabric layers and a connecting line part woven into the two fabric layers respectively.
  • the fabric layer is woven from fabric threads and at least formed with a plurality of meshes by the fabric threads ,
  • the two fabric layers are respectively a first fabric layer and a second fabric layer, the mesh formed on the first fabric layer is a first mesh, and the mesh formed on the second fabric layer is a second Mesh, wherein the first mesh and the second mesh are aligned one-to-one, or the area of the first mesh and the corresponding second mesh is 80% to 100%; at least 80% of the connecting wires
  • the supporting wire portion is arranged in an I-shape, and the ratio of the diameter of the connecting wire to the diameter of the fabric wire is 1.1 to 1.5.
  • the mesh is a polygon, and in each side of the polygon, the number of the fabric threads does not exceed 3.
  • the fabric thread and the connecting thread are both transparent or translucent monofilaments.
  • the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh to the diameter of the fabric thread is 8-32.
  • the connecting line portion of the connecting wire is rounded along the side of the polygon.
  • the number of detours of the connecting line portion along any side of the polygon does not exceed 4.
  • the fabric thread and the connecting thread are uncolored threads.
  • the size of the mesh is greater than 10 mesh.
  • the light transmittance of the fabric thread and the light transmittance of the connecting thread are both 50% to 70%.
  • the fabric thread and the connecting thread are made of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • each supporting wire portion in the connecting wire is arranged in an I-shape; or,
  • Each supporting wire portion in the connecting wire includes a first supporting wire portion arranged in an I shape, and a second supporting wire portion arranged in a V shape and/or an X shape.
  • the diameter of the fabric thread is 0.05 to 0.1 mm.
  • the diameter of the connecting wire is 0.055 to 0.15 mm.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the support layer to the diameter of the support line portion is 6 to 55.
  • the thickness of the support layer is 1 to 3 mm.
  • the light transmittance of the light-permeable fabric is greater than or equal to 70%.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an artificial leather, including single leather attached together and the light-transmitting fabric as described above.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides an automotive interior, including the light-permeable fabric as described above or the artificial leather as described above.
  • the first mesh and the second mesh respectively formed on the two fabric layers are set to be one-to-one or close to one-to-one to reduce the gap between the meshes on the two fabric layers.
  • most of the supporting wire parts are set to I-shape, so that the supporting wire parts of the connecting wire are approximately parallel and the connection positions of the supporting wire parts and the first mesh and the second mesh.
  • the support line part located in the mesh viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first fabric layer is minimized, thereby further ensuring the passage of more light, and by increasing the diameter of the connecting thread, the toughness of the connecting thread can be effectively improved, thereby Ensure the mechanical properties of the light-transmitting fabric, and avoid deformation of the support line due to lateral force.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a light-transmitting fabric according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the four structural units of the light-transmitting fabric provided in the present invention where the first mesh and the second mesh are aligned;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the four structural units of the light-transmitting fabric with the first mesh and the second mesh provided by the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the size of the misalignment in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the two structural units of the transparent fabric with the first mesh and the second mesh provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of a first fabric layer of a light-permeable fabric according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connecting line portion of the connecting thread in the light-transmitting fabric provided by the present invention winding around the edge of the first mesh.
  • 100 the first fabric layer; 110, the first mesh; 200, the second fabric layer; 210, the second mesh; 300, the support layer; 310, the connecting thread; 311, the support line part; 312, the connection Thread; 400, fabric silk thread.
  • test method for transmittance (Transmittance) described in this application is: ASTM E1348.
  • the present application Based on the requirement of realizing that the artificial leather surface of the car interior can transmit the light of the background light source to improve the scope of the car, the present application expects to provide assistance by increasing the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
  • the spacer yarns cross each other. From the direction of the vertical three-dimensional spacer fabric, there will be too many spacer yarns in the mesh, which will also hinder the spread of light.
  • the present application provides a light-transmitting fabric, as shown in FIG. 1, which includes two fabric layers arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, and also includes a support layer 300 connecting the two fabric layers, and the support layer 300 is made of connecting threads. 310 is formed.
  • the connecting thread 310 includes a supporting thread portion 311 located between two fabric layers and a connecting thread portion 312 woven into the two fabric layers respectively.
  • the fabric layer is woven from the fabric thread 400 and is formed by at least the fabric thread 400.
  • the two fabric layers are the first fabric layer 100 and the second fabric layer 200
  • the mesh formed on the first fabric layer 100 is the first mesh 110
  • the mesh formed on the second fabric layer 200 is the second Two meshes 210, where the area of the first mesh 110 and the corresponding second mesh 210 is 80% to 100%, that is, the area of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 is the area of the respective area. 80% to 100%, when the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned one-to-one, and the area of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned 100%, for example, referring to FIG. 2, a first The mesh 110 and its corresponding second mesh 210 form a structural unit.
  • FIG. 2 shows four structural units with a quadrilateral mesh.
  • first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned one by one. Each corner of the first mesh 110 is connected to the corner of the second mesh 210 by the connecting line portion 312 to form a straight columnar structure.
  • the area of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned by greater than or equal to 80% When it is less than 100%, referring to FIG. 3, in each structural unit, the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are arranged in a staggered manner, and each corner of the first mesh 110 passes through the connecting line portion 312 and the second mesh 210
  • the corners of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned as shown in FIG. 4, which refers to the projection of the first mesh 110 on the second fabric layer 200 and the closest distance to it.
  • the overlapped part of the second mesh 210 is the area of the shaded area.
  • the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are set to be one-to-one or close to one-to-one to reduce the staggering of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210, thereby ensuring more light to pass through.
  • At least 80% of the supporting wire portions in the connecting wire 310 are arranged in an I-shape, specifically, the supporting wire portions 311 arranged in the I-shape are substantially parallel, and each supporting wire portion 311 is perpendicular to the first fabric layer 100, or , Each support line portion 311 is inclined relative to the first fabric layer 100 along with the misalignment between the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210.
  • the verticality mentioned here refers to the alignment of the connection position between the support line portion 311 and the first mesh 110 and the connection position between the support line portion 311 and the second mesh 210, that is, the support line portion
  • the projection of the connection position of 311 and the first mesh 110 on the second fabric layer 200 coincides with the connection position of the support line portion 311 and the second mesh 210, which is caused by the bending caused by the weaving and the stiffness of the silk thread itself (refer to Figure 1 )
  • the vertical category described in this application also belongs to the vertical category described in this application.
  • the supporting wire portion 311 of the connecting wire 310 Since most of the supporting wire portions 311 of the connecting wire 310 are approximately parallel, and the supporting wire portion 311 corresponds to the connection position of the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210, the maximum reduction is seen from the direction perpendicular to the first fabric layer 100 The supporting wire portion 311 located in the mesh further ensures the passage of more light.
  • each supporting wire portion in the connecting wire is arranged in an I-shape, which is more conducive to light transmission.
  • a part of the supporting wire portion in the connecting wire is arranged in an I-shape, and the other supporting wire portion is arranged in an I-shape.
  • Other arrangements with better support performance are adopted, such as V-shaped, X-shaped or a combination of the two.
  • each supporting wire portion in the connecting wire includes a first supporting wire portion arranged in an I-shape, and It includes a second support line part arranged in a V-shape and/or an X-shape.
  • the V-shaped arrangement that is, the shape of the second support line part is a V-shape formed by the first line part and the second line part (the left side is the first line part , The right side is the second line part), the upper end points of the V shape are connected to the connecting line part 312 in the first fabric layer 100, and the lower end point of the V shape is connected to the connecting line part 312 in the second fabric layer 200,
  • the shape of the second support line portion is an X shape formed by the third line portion and the fourth line portion (inclined from top to bottom to the right as the third line portion, and inclined from top to bottom to the left as the fourth line portion),
  • the upper end points of the X shape are connected to the connecting line portions 312 in the first fabric layer 100, and the lower end points of the X shape are connected to the connecting line portions 312 in the second fabric layer 200, wherein the number of the first support line portions accounts for More than 80% of the total support line portion, and in the embodiment where the second support line portion is
  • All the first line part and the third line part are parallel to each other, all the second line part and the fourth line part are parallel to each other, so that the second support part can block light as little as possible, so that it can ensure the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric , And the second support line can be used to strengthen the support strength of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the second supporting portion is arranged at the edge position of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned as much as possible, and on the other hand, the support line portion 311 is as perpendicular to the fabric layer as possible, which can effectively reduce the obstruction to light. Ensure that more light can pass through, thereby greatly improving the light transmittance of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • each support line portion 311 is approximately parallel and approximately perpendicular to the fabric layer, it is easy to cause the support line portion 311 to deform when subjected to a lateral force.
  • the diameter of the connecting wire 310 is larger than that of the fabric wire 400
  • the ratio of the diameter of the connecting thread 310 to the diameter of the fabric thread 400 is 1.1 to 1.5.
  • the thickness of the support layer 300 will also affect the support performance of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the combination of the thickness of the support layer 300 and the connecting thread 310 is defined to further ensure the mechanics of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the support layer 300 to the diameter of the support line portion 311 is 6 to 55, more preferably 18 to 20.
  • the thickness of the support layer 300 is 1 To 3mm.
  • the weaving method of the connecting thread 310 is improved, so that the connecting thread 310 occupies as little as possible the opening space of the mesh when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first fabric layer 100, thereby further avoiding the connection of the connecting thread 310.
  • the light shielding, specifically, the connecting wire portion 312 of the connecting wire 310 is routed along the side forming the mesh.
  • the mesh is polygonal, and the connecting wire portion 312 of the connecting wire 310 is rounded along the side of the polygon, for example .
  • the figure shows two adjacent meshes are hexagonal structural units, the thick line in the figure is the position of the connecting wire 310 shared by the adjacent two structural units, that is, the connection
  • the position of the wire portion 312 is such that the connecting wire portion 312 does not cross the opening of the mesh, which facilitates the passage of more light.
  • a coloring agent such as titanium dioxide is added during the spinning process of the textile thread 400 and the connecting thread 310.
  • the textile thread 400 and the connecting thread 310 are uncolored.
  • the textile thread 400 and the connecting thread 310 are set to be transparent or semi-transparent monofilaments, for example, both are made of a transparent material such as polyethylene terephthalate, so that the textile thread 400 and the connecting thread 310 are transparent The rate reaches 50% to 70%.
  • translucent refers to allowing light to pass but not necessarily conforming to Snell's law, that is, translucent media allows light transmission, and transparent media not only allows light transmission, but also allows image formation.
  • the side forming the mesh may include only the textile thread 400, or may include both the textile thread 400 and the connecting thread 310.
  • the diameter of the textile thread 400 is set to be 0.05 to 0.1 mm, more preferably 0.06 to 0.08 mm.
  • the total number of threads forming the sides of the mesh does not exceed 7, the number of fabric threads 400 does not exceed three, and the number of connecting threads 310 does not exceed 4. That is, the number of turns of the connecting threads 310 on the sides of the polygon does not exceed 4.
  • the thick line represents the textile thread 400
  • the thin line represents the connecting line portion 312
  • the upper left textile thread 400 and the lower two textile threads 400 form the edge connection
  • the number of detours of the line portion 312 is 2, and the number of detours of the connecting line portion 312 on the edge formed by the fabric thread 400 on the upper right is 3.
  • the line thickness in FIG. 7 is only used to distinguish the fabric thread and the connection
  • the thread portion does not limit the thickness relationship between the two.
  • the mesh is usually set as a polygon. Among the sides forming the polygon, the number of fabric threads 400 does not exceed 3, and the fabric threads 400 on each side The number of roots can be the same or different.
  • the mesh is quadrilateral, in which adjacent two sides of the fabric yarn 400 (the thick line in the figure represents the number of 2 The number of textile threads 400) is 2, and the number of adjacent textile threads 400 (the thin lines in the figure represents the textile threads 400 with a number of 1) is 1.
  • the mesh is hexagonal, Because the structure of the hexagon is more stable, the number of fabric threads 400 can be used under the premise of ensuring the supporting ability.
  • the number of fabric threads 400 on each side of the hexagon can be set to 1.
  • the mesh The size of the holes is greater than 10 meshes, and more preferably greater than 14 meshes.
  • the side length of the quadrilateral is 0.9 to 1.1 mm.
  • the ratio of the maximum span size of the mesh to the diameter of the fabric thread 400 is 8-32.
  • the light transmittance of the light-transmitting fabric provided in the present application can be higher than 70% (it can be understood that since the light-transmitting fabric has many aligned mesh structures, the light transmittance at the aligned meshes is 100%, and the light transmittance in the thread area is 50% to 70%, and the light transmittance described here is the average light transmittance per unit area of the light-transmitting fabric).
  • the present application also provides an artificial leather, which includes a single leather attached together and a light-transmitting fabric as described above. Since the light-transmitting fabric adopts the above structure, the light transmittance of the formed artificial leather is greater than 8%.
  • the artificial leather can be applied to car interiors, such as car seats, car roofs, car center consoles, etc. In this way, a light source is set on the car's skeleton and other places where the artificial leather is covered. When the light source is turned off, it will appear as conventional Interior effect, and when the light source is lit, the light transmission effect of artificial leather can be realized.
  • the single leather can be processed with the light-transmitting fabric through an integrated process.
  • the single leather includes a skin layer, a support layer and a glue layer.
  • the light-transmitting fabric is attached to the glue layer to Make the two stick together.
  • the light transmittance of artificial leather with this structure can reach 9% to 17%.
  • the single leather includes a skin layer, a support layer, a glue layer, and a fabric layer.
  • the fabric layer is, for example, It can be knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, etc.
  • the fabric layer is pasted with the light-transmitting fabric through transparent glue.
  • the light transmittance of artificial leather with this structure can reach 8% to 15%. Since the arrangement of the fabric layer will have a certain effect on the light transmittance, preferably, the glue layer and the fabric layer can be omitted, and the light-transmitting fabric is used as the support structure of the single leather.
  • the single leather includes a skin layer and a support layer,
  • the support layer is pasted with the light-transmitting fabric through transparent glue, so that the light transmittance of the artificial leather can be further improved, and the light transmittance of the artificial leather of this structure can reach 10% to 18%.
  • the above-mentioned glue layer is a material layer formed by a single leather preparation process, such as a calendering process or a release paper coating process, and is a part of the single leather.
  • the raw materials for forming the glue layer include PVC powder and other main materials and increase Plasticizers, stabilizers, etc.
  • the above-mentioned transparent glue refers to glues with good permeability such as hot melt adhesives, which are coated on the single leather after the preparation is completed, so as to bond with the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the present application also provides an automobile interior, which adopts the light-transmitting fabric or artificial leather as described above, so as to realize the light-transmitting effect of the automobile interior.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰，透光织物包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层以及连接两个织物层的支撑层，支撑层由连接丝线形成，织物层由织物丝线织成，形成于第一织物层的网孔为第一网孔，形成于第二织物层的网孔为第二网孔，第一网孔与相对应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置，所述连接丝线的直径与所述织物丝线的直径之比为1.1至1.5。该透光织物既能获得较高的透光率又能保证力学性能。

Description

一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车内饰材料技术领域，具体涉及一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰。
背景技术
为了保证用户的乘坐舒适度，汽车内饰中在表面皮革层内侧设置有海绵层，以获得较柔软的触感，但由于海绵层的弹性差、易变性、透气性差等问题，越来越多的汽车内饰中采用三维间隔型织物来替代海绵。
三维间隔型织物是一种立体织物，其由两个织物层以及由间隔纱形成在两个织物层之间的支撑层组成，三维间隔型织物具有抗压弹性、透气性、吸湿、导湿性以及结构整体性和可成型性等优点。
随着人们对于汽车内饰质量及舒适度要求的不断提升，人造革产品不再是单纯的包覆性材料，越来越多的功能希望被引入到人造革开发过程中，例如使人造革能具备一定的透光能力从而可借助于背景光源来改善车内氛围。目前常用的间隔纱配置为V型、X型、IXI型，由于间隔纱能够与上下两层织物形成稳定的三角结构，织物即使受到横向载荷也能保持良好的稳定性和抗压性，保持一定的间隔距离。由于间隔纱的上述配置，对光线具有明显的减弱消除作用，导致现有的三维间隔型织物的透光性非常差，其包覆于骨架或零件的表面时，设置在骨架或零件上的光源发出的光线透过三维间隔型织物的透过率较低，从而难以实现汽车内饰的透光型应用场景，或者只能取消三维间隔型织物或海绵，从而以牺牲弹性、降低触感的方式实现。
发明内容
基于上述现状，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种透光织物、人造革及汽车内饰，以实现通过汽车内饰来改善车内氛围的场景。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明的第一方面提供了一种透光织物，包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部以及分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，所述织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个网孔，两个所述织物层分别为第一织物层和第二织物层，形成于所述第一织物层的网孔为第一网孔，形成于所述第二织物层的网孔为第二网孔，其中，第一网孔与第二网孔一一对正，或者，第一网孔与相应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置，所述连接丝线的直径与所述织物丝线的直径之比为1.1至1.5。
优选地，所述网孔为多边形，所述多边形的各条边中，所述织物丝线的根数不超过3。
优选地，所述织物丝线、所述连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝。
优选地，所述网孔的最大跨度尺寸与所述织物丝线的直径之比为8-32。
优选地，所述连接丝线的连接线部沿着所述多边形的边迂回。
优选地，所述连接线部沿着所述多边形的任一条边的迂回次数不超过4。
优选地，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线为未着色丝线。
优选地，所述网孔的尺寸大于10目。
优选地，所述织物丝线的透光率和所述连接丝线的透光率均为50％至70％。
优选地，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线的材料均为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
优选地，所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部均呈I型设置；或者，
所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部。
优选地，所述织物丝线的直径为0.05至0.1mm。
优选地，所述连接丝线的直径为0.055至0.15mm。
优选地，所述支撑层的厚度与所述支撑线部的直径之比为6至55。
优选地，所述支撑层的厚度为1至3mm。
优选地，所述透光织物的透光率大于或等于70％。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种人造革，包括贴附在一起的单革和如上所述的透光织物。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种汽车内饰，包括如上所述的透光织物或如上所述的人造革。
本发明提供的透光织物将分别形成在两织物层上的第一网孔和第二网孔设置为一一对正或接近于一一对正，以减少两织物层上的网孔之间的交错，从而保证更多的光线穿过，将大部分支撑线部设置为I型，使得连接丝线的各支撑线部大致平行且支撑线部与第一网孔、第二网孔的连接位置对应，最大程度的降低从垂直于第一织物层方向看位于网孔内的支撑线部，从而进一步保证更多光线的通过，且通过增加连接丝线的直径，能够有效提高连接丝线的韧性，从而保证透光织物的力学性能，避免因受到侧向力而导致支撑线部变形。
本发明的其他有益效果，将在具体实施方式中通过具体技术特征和技术方案的介绍来阐述，本领域技术人员通过这些技术特征和技术方案的介绍，应能理解所述技术特征和技术方案带来的有益技术效果。
附图说明
以下将参照附图对根据本发明的优选实施方式进行描述。图中：
图1为根据本发明的一种优选实施方式的透光织物的剖视图；
图2为本发明提供的第一网孔与第二网孔对正设置的透光织物四个结构单元的结构示意图；
图3为本发明提供的第一网孔与第二网孔错位设置的透光织物四个结构单元的结构示意图；
图4为对本发明中的错位尺寸的说明的示意图；
图5为本发明提供的第一网孔和第二网孔为六边形的透光织物两个结构单元的结构示意图；
图6为本发明提供的一种优选实施方式的透光织物的第一织物层的俯视图；
图7为本发明提供的透光织物中连接丝线的连接线部沿第一网孔的边迂回的示意图。
图中，100、第一织物层；110、第一网孔；200、第二织物层；210、第二 网孔；300、支撑层；310、连接丝线；311、支撑线部；312、连接线部；400、织物丝线。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述，但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分，为了避免混淆本发明的实质，公知的方法、过程、流程、元件并没有详细叙述。
此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的，并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本申请中所述的透光率(Transmittance)的测试方法为：ASTM E1348。
基于实现汽车内饰中人造革表面能够透出背景光源的光从而改善车内范围的需求，本申请期望通过提高三维间隔型织物的透光率来提供助力。
针对现有三维间隔型织物存在的透光性差的问题，本申请的申请人发现，现有的三维间隔型织物的结构存在如下问题：
1.两织物层的网孔之间存在过多的交错，阻碍光线的传播；
2.间隔纱线相互交叉，从垂直三维间隔型织物的方向看会有过多的间隔纱线位于网孔内，也会阻碍光线的传播。
基于此，本申请提供了一种透光织物，如图1所示，其包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层300，支撑层300由连接丝线310形成，连接丝线310包括位于两个织物层之间的支撑线部311以及分别织入两个织物层的连接线部312，织物层由织物丝线400织成并至少由织物丝线400形成多个网孔，两个织物层分别为第一织物层100和第二织物层200，形成于第一织物层100的网孔为第一网孔110，形成于第二织物层200的网孔为第二网孔210，其中，第一网孔110与相应的第二网孔210面积对正 80％到100％，即，第一网孔110与第二网孔210对正的面积为各自面积的80％到100％，当第一网孔110与第二网孔210一一对正时，第一网孔110与第二网孔210面积对正100％时，例如参照图2，一个第一网孔110与其对应的第二网孔210形成一个结构单元，图2是网孔为四边形的四个结构单元，每个结构单元中，第一网孔110与第二网孔210一一对正，第一网孔110的每个角均通过连接线部312与第二网孔210的角相连形成直形柱状结构，第一网孔110与第二网孔210面积对正大于等于80％且小于100％时，参照图3，每个结构单元中，第一网孔110与第二网孔210错位设置，第一网孔110的每个角均通过连接线部312与第二网孔210的角相连形成斜柱状结构，第一网孔110与第二网孔210对正的部分如图4所示，指的是第一网孔110在第二织物层200上的投影和距离其最近的第二网孔210重叠的部分，即图4中的阴影部分，对正的面积即阴影部分的面积。将第一网孔110和第二网孔210设置为一一对正或者接近于一一对正，减少第一网孔110和第二网孔210的交错，从而保证更多的光线穿过。
进一步地，连接丝线310中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置，具体地，呈I型设置的各支撑线部311大致平行，且各支撑线部311垂直于第一织物层100，或者，各支撑线部311随着第一网孔110与第二网孔210之间的错位而相对于第一织物层100倾斜。可以理解的是，此处所述的垂直，指的是支撑线部311与第一网孔110的连接位置和支撑线部311与第二网孔210的连接位置对正，即，支撑线部311与第一网孔110的连接位置在第二织物层200上的投影与支撑线部311与第二网孔210的连接位置重合，因编织和丝线自身的挺度造成的弯曲(参照图1)也属于本申请所述的垂直的范畴。由于连接丝线310的大部分支撑线部311大致平行，且支撑线部311与第一网孔110、第二网孔210的连接位置对应，最大程度的降低从垂直于第一织物层100方向看位于网孔内的支撑线部311，从而进一步保证更多光线的通过。
在一个实施例中，连接丝线中各支撑线部均呈I型设置，这样更有利于透光，在另一个实施例中，连接丝线中一部分支撑线部呈I型设置，另一部分支撑线部则采用其他支撑性能更好的设置方式，例如采用V型、X型或者两者相结合的方式，具体地，连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部，V型设置即第二支撑线 部的形状为由第一线部和第二线部形成的V形(左侧为第一线部，右侧为第二线部)，V形的上部两端点与第一织物层100中的连接线部312相连，V形的下部端点与第二织物层200中的连接线部312相连，X型设置即第二支撑线部的形状为由第三线部和第四线部形成的X形(由上至下向右倾斜为第三线部，由上至下向左倾斜为第四线部)，X形的上部两端点与第一织物层100中的连接线部312相连，X形的下部两端点与第二织物层200中的连接线部312相连，其中，第一支撑线部的数量占支撑线部总量的80％以上，且在第二支撑线部仅呈V型设置的实施例中，所有的第一线部相互平行，所有的第三线部相互平行，在第二支撑线部仅呈X型设置的实施例中，所有的第三线部相互平行，所有的第四线部相互平行，在第二支撑线部中既有呈V型设置又有呈X型设置的实施例中，所有的第一线部、第三线部相互平行，所有的第二线部、第四线部相互平行，使得第二支撑部尽量少的挡光，如此，既能够保证三维间隔织物的透光性，又能够利用第二支撑线部来加强透光织物的支撑强度。为了尽量降低第二支撑部对透光效果的影响，进一步优选地，第二支撑部设置在透光织物的边缘位置。
通过上述的结构设置，一方面使得第一网孔110和第二网孔210尽可能的对正，一方面使得支撑线部311尽可能地与织物层相垂直，能够有效降低对光线的阻碍，保证更多的光线能够通过，从而大大提高了透光织物的透光率。
由于各支撑线部311大致平行且与织物层大致垂直，在受到侧向力时易导致支撑线部311发生变形，为解决这一问题，本申请中，连接丝线310的直径大于织物丝线400的直径，连接丝线310的直径与织物丝线400的直径之比为1.1至1.5，通过增加连接丝线310的直径，能够有效提高连接丝线310的韧性，从而保证透光织物的力学性能，避免因受到侧向力而导致支撑线部311变形。进一步地，支撑层300的厚度即支撑线部311的长度也会影响透光织物的支撑性能，本申请中，通过对支撑层300的厚度与连接丝线310的组合限定进一步保证透光织物的力学性能，优选地，支撑层300的厚度与支撑线部311的直径之比为6至55，进一步优选地为18至20。
另外，申请人发现，当支撑层300较厚时，会造成光线的散射，影响透光性能，而当支撑层300较薄时会影响乘坐的舒适度，优选地，支撑层300的厚度为1至3mm。
进一步地，本申请中，通过对连接丝线310的织法进行改进，使得从垂直于第一织物层100方向看连接丝线310尽量少的占用网孔的孔口空间，从而进一步避免连接丝线310对光线的遮挡，具体地，连接丝线310的连接线部312沿形成网孔的边进行走线，通常情况下，网孔为多边形，连接丝线310的连接线部312沿着多边形的边迂回，例如，如图5所示，图中为相邻两个网孔为六边形的结构单元，图中粗线部分即为相邻两个结构单元共用的连接丝线310迂回走线的位置，即连接线部312的位置，如此，使得连接线部312不会跨越网孔的孔口，以利于更多光线的通过。
通常情况下，在织物丝线400、连接丝线310的纺丝过程中添加二氧化钛等着色剂，本申请中，为了提高透光织物的通透性，优选地，织物丝线400、连接丝线310为未着色丝线，且将织物丝线400、连接丝线310设置为透明或半透明单丝，例如均采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯这种透明材料制成，使得织物丝线400和连接丝线310的透光率达到50％至70％。可以理解的是，此处的半透明指的是允许光线通过但不一定符合斯奈尔定律，即半透明介质允许光的传输，而透明介质不仅允许光的传输，而且允许图像形成。
为了提高透光率，通常是需要尽可能小的网孔密度以利于更多的光线通过，因为网孔过密会造成严重的挡光，但申请人发现，网孔密度过小会严重影响透光织物的支撑能力和弹性，若要保证透光织物的支撑能力和弹性，则势必要增加织物丝线400的粗度或者增加形成网孔的边的整体粗度，这样在光源照射下非常容易在人造革表面呈现出网孔的轮廓，影响美观性。另外，在实现透光率提高的同时，还必须要兼顾弹性和支撑能力，以便保持汽车内饰应有的舒适性等要求，本申请中，通过对形成网孔的边的丝线根数、网孔密度、网孔尺寸、丝线直径等参数的综合限定来满足上述需求。具体地，形成网孔的边可以仅包含织物丝线400，也可以既包含织物丝线400又包含连接丝线310，织物丝线400的直径设置为0.05至0.1mm，进一步优选为0.06至0.08mm。形成网孔的边的丝线总条数不超过7条，织物丝线400的条数不超过3条，连接丝线310的条数不超过4条即连接丝线310在多边形的边上的迂回次数不超过4，例如，在图7所示的实施例中，其中的粗线代表织物丝线400，细线代表连接线部312，左上的织物丝线400以及下方的两条织物丝线400形成的边上的连接线部312的迂回次数均为2，而右上的织物丝线400形成的边上的连接线部 312的迂回次数为3，可以理解的是，图7中的线条粗细仅用于区分织物丝线和连接线部，并不是限定两者之间的粗细关系，进一步地，网孔通常设置为多边形，在形成多边形的各条边中，织物丝线400的根数不超过3，各条边的织物丝线400的根数可以相同也可以不同，例如，在一个优选的实施例中，如图6所示，网孔呈四边形，其中相邻的两边的织物丝线400(图中粗线代表根数为2的织物丝线400)的根数为2，另外相邻的两边的织物丝线400(图中细线代表根数为1的织物丝线400)的根数为1，再例如，网孔呈六边形，由于六边形的结构更加稳定，因此在保证支撑能力的前提下可采用更少的织物丝线400根数，六边形的个边的织物丝线400的根数均可设置为1，另外，网孔的尺寸大于10目，进一步优选为大于14目，例如，在网孔呈四边形的实施例中，四边形的边长为0.9至1.1mm。网孔的最大跨度尺寸与织物丝线400的直径之比为8-32。
通过上述设置，本申请提供的透光织物的透光率可高于70％(可以理解的是，由于透光织物存在很多对正的网孔结构，在对正的网孔处透光率为100％，而在丝线区域透光度则为50％至70％，此处所述的透光率为透光织物单位面积的平均透光率)。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种人造革，其包括贴附在一起的单革和如上所述的透光织物，由于透光织物采用上述结构，使得形成的人造革的透光率大于8％。该人造革可应用于汽车内饰，例如用于汽车座椅、汽车顶棚、汽车中控台等位置，如此，在汽车的骨架等包覆人造革的位置设置光源，当光源关灭时，呈现常规的内饰效果，而当光源点亮时可实现人造革的透光效果。
其中的单革可以与透光织物通过整体工艺加工而成，例如，单革包括表皮层、支撑层和胶水层，在制备的胶水层未干时，将透光织物贴附于胶水层，以使得两者黏合在一起。这种结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到9％至17％。
当然，也可以首先将单革制备完成，然后通过透明胶水将单革与透光织物粘贴在一起，在一个实施例中，单革包括表皮层、支撑层、胶水层和织物层，织物层例如可以为针织布、无纺布等，织物层通过透明胶水与透光织物粘贴在一起。这种结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到8％至15％。由于织物层的设置会对透光率有一定的影响，优选地，可省去胶水层和织物层，利用透光织物作为单革的支撑结构，具体地，单革包括表皮层和支撑层，支撑层通过透明胶 水与透光织物粘贴在一起，如此能够进一步提高人造革的透光率，该结构形式的人造革的透光率能够达到10％至18％。
可以理解的是，上述的胶水层为通过单革制备工艺例如通过压延工艺或离型纸涂覆工艺形成的材料层，是单革的一部分，形成胶水层的原料包括PVC粉末等主料以及增塑剂、稳定剂等，而上述的透明胶水指的是热熔胶等通透性较好的胶水，其是在单革制备完成后涂覆于其上的，以便与透光织物粘接。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种汽车内饰，采用如上所述的透光织物或人造革，从而实现汽车内饰的透光效果。
本领域的技术人员能够理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各优选方案可以自由地组合、叠加。
应当理解，上述的实施方式仅是示例性的，而非限制性的，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以针对上述细节做出的各种明显的或等同的修改或替换，都将包含于本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种透光织物，包括相互平行且间隔设置的两个织物层，还包括连接两个织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部以及分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，所述织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个网孔，其特征在于，两个所述织物层分别为第一织物层和第二织物层，形成于所述第一织物层的网孔为第一网孔，形成于所述第二织物层的网孔为第二网孔，其中，第一网孔与相对应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置，所述连接丝线的直径与所述织物丝线的直径之比为1.1至1.5。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述网孔为多边形，所述多边形的各条边中，所述织物丝线的根数不超过3。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线、所述连接丝线均为透明或半透明单丝。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述网孔的最大跨度尺寸与所述织物丝线的直径之比为8-32。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述连接丝线的连接线部沿着所述多边形的边迂回。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述连接线部沿着所述多边形的任一条边的迂回次数不超过4。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线和所述连接丝线为未着色丝线。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述网孔的尺寸大于10目。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线的透光率和所述连接丝线的透光率均为50％至70％。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部均呈I型设置；或者，
    所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部。
  11. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述织物丝线的直径为0.05至0.1mm。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述连接丝线的直径为0.055至0.15mm。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述支撑层的厚度与所述支撑线部的直径之比为6至55。
  14. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述支撑层的厚度为1至3mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的透光织物，其特征在于，所述透光织物的透光率大于或等于70％。
  16. 一种人造革，其特征在于，包括贴附在一起的单革和如权利要求1至15任一项所述的透光织物。
  17. 一种汽车内饰，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至15任一项所述的透光织物或如权利要求16所述的人造革。
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