CN110028331A - 一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110028331A
CN110028331A CN201910287824.4A CN201910287824A CN110028331A CN 110028331 A CN110028331 A CN 110028331A CN 201910287824 A CN201910287824 A CN 201910287824A CN 110028331 A CN110028331 A CN 110028331A
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Abstract

本发明涉及碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料技术领域,且公开了一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料,包括以下重量份数配比的原料:45~65份微米SiC陶瓷粉、15~35份微米Cf粉、5~10份抗氧化剂、8~15份陶瓷粘结剂;其中,抗氧化剂由微米ZrB2粉与纳米的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成。本发明还公开了一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料的制备方法。本发明解决了Cf/SiC复合材料中的增韧相碳纤维,在高温氧化性的使用环境下,容易发生氧化反应的技术问题。

Description

一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料技术领域,具体为一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(Cf/SiC)作为高温热结构材料在航空航天领域的应用已经引起了广泛的关注,它是提高发动机燃烧室温度,进而提高能源转化率的最理想热结构材料之一。碳纤维有良好的高温力学性能和热性能,在惰性环境中超过2000℃仍能保持强度、模量等力学性能不降低。 Cf/SiC复合材料则拥有良好的断裂韧性、耐磨性、低热膨胀系数、高热导率、高气化温度和良好的抗热震性能。
但是在氧化性环境中,高于400℃,碳纤维就会氧化,导致材料失效,这是影响Cf/SiC复合材料在氧化性环境中长效应用的致命弱点。而Cf/SiC复合材料用作高温结构部件时,其使用环境的温度在极短的时间内变化可达上千摄氏度,通常同时还有高温气流冲蚀,为此必须解决Cf/SiC复合材料在高温下容易发生氧化的问题。
现有技术通过在基体材料的表面涂覆抗氧化涂层来增强基体材料的抗氧化性能是常用和有效的手段,但是在Cf/SiC复合材料表面涂覆单涂层很难起到有效抗氧化保护的作用,通常Cf/SiC的抗氧化涂层体系由热膨胀系数与基体接近并有良好粘接作用的粘接层、能对涂层裂纹进行自愈合的活性功能层和能抵抗气流冲蚀的抗冲蚀层组成。
本发明提供一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法,旨在解决 Cf/SiC复合材料中的增韧相碳纤维,在高温氧化性的使用环境下,容易发生氧化反应的技术问题。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料及制备方法,解决了Cf/SiC复合材料中的增韧相碳纤维,在高温氧化性的使用环境下,容易发生氧化反应的技术问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料,包括以下重量份数配比的原料:45~ 65份微米SiC陶瓷粉、15~35份微米Cf粉、5~10份抗氧化剂、8~15份陶瓷粘结剂;
其中,抗氧化剂由微米ZrB2粉与纳米的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成。
优选的,所述抗氧化剂由平均粒径≤10um的ZrB2粉与平均粒径≤100nm 的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成。
优选的,所述陶瓷粘结剂由平均粒径≤2.6um的20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、 25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成。
一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S101.取45~65g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、15~35g平均粒径≤25um 的Cf粉、5~10g抗氧化剂、8~15g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;抗氧化剂由微米ZrB2粉与纳米的Al2O3粉等质量混合
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与硅酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉与焦磷酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.将步骤S101中的抗氧化剂由与硅酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀,即得到抗氧化剂分散液;
S105.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,缓慢将步骤S104中的抗氧化剂分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min 下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S106.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S105中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S107.将步骤S106中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
(三)有益的技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下有益的技术效果:
本发明在基体SiC陶瓷相和增强相Cf粉之间增加由微米ZrB2陶瓷粉和纳米Al2O3陶瓷组成的抗氧化剂、以及陶瓷粘结剂,抗氧化剂与陶瓷粘结剂能够将增强相Cf紧紧包裹,有效地避免Cf在高温环境下发生氧化反应,从而起到了提高Cf/SiC复合材料的高温抗氧化性能;
本发明制备的Cf/SiC复合材料,其拉伸强度为173~190MPa、拉伸模量为84~93GPa、弯曲强度为305~311MPa、弯曲模量为86~96GPa;
与对比例中的Cf/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度143MPa、拉伸模量67GPa、弯曲强度282MPa、弯曲模量61GPa相比,取得了显著提高Cf/SiC复合材料的力学性能的技术效果。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
上述Cf/SiC复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S101.取45g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、35g平均粒径≤25um的Cf粉、5g抗氧化剂、15g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;
其中,抗氧化剂由平均粒径≤10um的ZrB2粉与平均粒径≤100nm的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成;
陶瓷粘结剂由20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成;
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与5g硅酸钠一起置于100mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉颗粒与2g焦磷酸钠一起置于30mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.将步骤S101中的ZrB2粉、Al2O3粉与1g硅酸钠一起置于20mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀,即得到抗氧化剂分散液;
S105.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,缓慢将步骤S104中的抗氧化剂分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min 下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S106.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S105中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S107.将步骤S106中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,再置于预热温度为1300℃的真空炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,之后以10℃ /min的退火速率,降温至室温时取出,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
实施例二:
S101.取65g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、15g平均粒径≤25um的Cf粉、10g抗氧化剂、8g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;
其中,抗氧化剂由平均粒径≤10um的ZrB2粉与平均粒径≤100nm的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成;
陶瓷粘结剂由20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成;
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与5g硅酸钠一起置于100mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉颗粒与2g焦磷酸钠一起置于30mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.将步骤S101中的ZrB2粉、Al2O3粉与1g硅酸钠一起置于20mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀,即得到抗氧化剂分散液;
S105.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,缓慢将步骤S104中的抗氧化剂分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min 下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S106.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S105中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S107.将步骤S106中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,再置于预热温度为1600℃的真空炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,之后以10℃ /min的退火速率,降温至室温时取出,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
实施例三:
S101.取60g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、20g平均粒径≤25um的Cf粉、8g抗氧化剂、12g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;
其中,抗氧化剂由平均粒径≤10um的ZrB2粉与平均粒径≤100nm的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成;
陶瓷粘结剂由20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成;
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与5g硅酸钠一起置于100mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉颗粒与2g焦磷酸钠一起置于30mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.将步骤S101中的ZrB2粉、Al2O3粉与1g硅酸钠一起置于20mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀,即得到抗氧化剂分散液;
S105.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,缓慢将步骤S104中的抗氧化剂分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min 下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S106.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S105中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S107.将步骤S106中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,再置于预热温度为1400℃的真空炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,之后以10℃ /min的退火速率,降温至室温时取出,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
对比例:
Cf/SiC复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S101.取45g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、35g平均粒径≤25um的Cf粉、15g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;
其中,陶瓷粘结剂由20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成;
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与5g硅酸钠一起置于100mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉颗粒与2g焦磷酸钠一起置于30mL蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S105.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S104中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S106.将步骤S105中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,再置于预热温度为1300℃的真空炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,之后以10℃ /min的退火速率,降温至室温时取出,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
性能测试:
对上述实施例与对比例中制备出的Cf/SiC复合材料进行性能测试,性能数据如下:

Claims (4)

1.一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料,其特征在于,包括以下重量份数配比的原料:45~65份微米SiC陶瓷粉、15~35份微米Cf粉、5~10份抗氧化剂、8~15份陶瓷粘结剂;
其中,抗氧化剂由微米ZrB2粉与纳米的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的CfSiC复合材料,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂由平均粒径≤10um的ZrB2粉与平均粒径≤100nm的Al2O3粉等质量混合组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的CfSiC复合材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷粘结剂由平均粒径≤2.6um的20%wtSiO2、30%wt Al2O3、25%wtZrB2、10%wt ZrO2和15%wtTiO2组成。
4.一种高温抗氧化的CfSiC复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S101.取45~65g平均粒度≤25um的SiC陶瓷粉、15~35g平均粒径≤25um的Cf粉、5~10g抗氧化剂、8~15g平均粒径≤2.6um的陶瓷粘结剂,备用;抗氧化剂由微米ZrB2粉与纳米的Al2O3粉等质量混合;
S102.将步骤S101中的SiC粉与硅酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S103.将步骤S101中的Cf粉与焦磷酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀;
S104.将步骤S101中的抗氧化剂由与硅酸钠一起置于蒸馏水中,超声分散均匀,即得到抗氧化剂分散液;
S105.步骤S102中的SiC分散液加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在600r/min的搅拌速率下,缓慢将步骤S103中的Cf分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,缓慢将步骤S104中的抗氧化剂分散液滴加到反应器中,滴加完毕后,于800r/min下搅拌2h,之后,在温度120℃、搅拌速率300r/min下,将溶剂蒸发除去;
S106.将步骤S101中的陶瓷粘结剂与步骤S105中的粉料加入到装有搅拌器的反应器中,在800r/min下,搅拌2h;
S107.将步骤S106中的粉料装入等静压橡胶模具中,在650MPa压力下压制成型,升温至2700~2800℃,并于2700~2800℃、9~15MPa下保温3h,制备得到Cf/SiC复合材料。
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