CN109997599A - Method of retaining freshness - Google Patents
Method of retaining freshness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109997599A CN109997599A CN201910396009.1A CN201910396009A CN109997599A CN 109997599 A CN109997599 A CN 109997599A CN 201910396009 A CN201910396009 A CN 201910396009A CN 109997599 A CN109997599 A CN 109997599A
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- grape
- film
- period
- fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of retaining freshness, include the following steps, S1, double agricultural temperature booth structures of film are established: double agricultural temperature booth structure temperature of film gather around span 9-13m, and length 50-100m is internally provided with the grape trellis of equidistant arrangement, protected by the arch of steel pipe and bar construction, concrete isolated footing, the bitter son of double film air heat insulating layers grass and rain and snow film etc., S2, circulating hot wind stove heating structure is established in external heat, and hot-blast stove is made of table, furnace body and blower.The present invention passes through grape remaining on tree preservation technology, wherein circulating hot wind stove corresponding cultivation techniques in the double agricultural temperature canopy of film of console mode steel arch and external heat, effectively extend the collecting period of grape, can not only severe cold member and front and back have delicious, the sweet grape of no antistaling agent pollution, it is often more important that economic benefit is very considerable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wine-growing technical field more particularly to a kind of method of retaining freshness.
Background technique
Grape is Vitaceae Vitis bejuco, and sprig is cylindrical, there is a vertical rib line, hairless or by sparse pubescence,
Leaf oval, panicle is intensive or evacuates, and base portion branch is flourishing, and fruit is spherical or oval, the month at florescence 4-5, fruiting period 8-9
Month.Grape is most ancient one of the fruit tree species in the world, and the fossil plant of grape is found in Tertiary Stratigraphy, illustrates at that time
It is dispersed throughout Europe, Asia and Greenland.Grape originates in western part of Asia, there is cultivation all over the world, and grape all over the world about 95% collects
Middle distribution is on the Northern Hemisphere.Grape is famous fruit, is eaten raw or raisins processed, and is made wine, and the wine foot after wine brewing can mention food and drink acid, root
With the medicinal energy preventing or arresting vomiting, miscarriage prevention of rattan.In recent years, the common people increasingly increase the demand of grape, but by season or the shadow of demand fluctuation
Ring, often result in grape can not long Shi Baoxian and be wasted, cause the economic loss of orchard worker, seriously affected the strong of grape industry
Kang Fazhan.
Existing wine-growing family and eater urgently develop a kind of safe and efficient method of retaining freshness.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of method of retaining freshness.
A kind of method of retaining freshness proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1: the agricultural temperature booth structures of double films are established: double agricultural temperature booth structure temperature of film gather around span 9-13m, length 50-100m, interior
Portion is provided with the grape trellis of equidistant arrangement, by the arch of steel pipe and bar construction, concrete isolated footing, double film air heat insulating layers grass
Bitter son and rain and snow film guarantor etc.；
S2: circulating hot wind stove heating structure is established in external heat: hot-blast stove is made of table, furnace body and blower.Outside furnace body
Cylinder is welded with 83 steel plate coils, has high-temperature-resistant thermal-insulation layer outside, there is parallel fire tube 5-7 root in cylinder, long 5.5m has end socket up and down
Back cover fixes fire tube, and centre has fire tube frame to prevent transport from deforming, and the outer letter of furnace has 1 to send cool air hose and 1 hot air duct, cold-hot wind
Pipe is surround in canopy room；
Furnace body seat lights a fire and blows on table, gas extraction in canopy is sent into after heating in furnace and is sent into canopy again.Due to heat
Wind furnace is mounted on outside canopy, to form the heating system recycled in external heat；
S3: fertilizer and water management system is established: during grape growth, by the berry of every production 100kg, needing absorbed nitrogen is 0.3-
0.6kg, phosphorus 0.1-0.3kg, potassium 0.3-0.7kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements Application Ratio be 1:0.8:1.1 requirement,
The vintage 2000kg/667m of fresh preservation with branches2, then 667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) 3000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, NPK is compound
Fertile 30kg, at the beginning of fertilization time 10 months；
667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) imposes plus biogas slurry 40kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 40kg, urea 25kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, mainly
It is imposed in 3 critical periods of young fruit expanding stage fruit color phase budding period, early period, the later period was based on potash fertilizer to urinate Suo Weizhu.Blade face
Fertilizer can be carried out with spray, synchronous watering 6-8 times or so.
S4: build and protect the foundation of bud system: summer pruning will be reinforced in grape growth season to tree body management, and reinforcing frame face is logical
Wind light transmission mitigates the generation of pest and disease damage, and according to harvesting high-quality high-yield index request, timely bud picking determines branch, coming into bloom to the florescence pair
Fruitful branch pinching method is that 6-8 piece leaf pinching is stayed more than inflorescence, and nutrition branch stays 10-12 piece leaf pinching, while removing tendril；
Sublateral shoot processing retains 2 in the fruitful branch pinching sublateral shoot that fruit ear sublateral shoot below all removes fruit ear or more simultaneously
Piece leaf repeated topping, apex retain 1 sublateral shoot and stay 5 repeated topping；
S5: freshness date and the circulatory system foundation for staying the tree period: the fresh-keeping step hardware condition of this grape remaining on tree is double film agricultures
With warm booth structure, the ancillary equipment that the period maintains is circulating hot wind stove heating structure in external heat, fertilizer and water management after plantation and
It builds and protects bud implementation, powder phase and growth cycle are applied in extension, and it is fresh-keeping to fruiting progress while the normal result period is delayed,
The front and back period extends simultaneously, and whole structure plucking cycle is extended；
S6: fresh-keeping product system is established: the whole fringe of packed and transported factor, vanning.Answer whole fringe or the whole fringe of Bian Caibian in the tree, storage
Hiding grape must disposably case in field, forbid secondary vanning, and fresh-keeping transport grape allows that fruit classification is being selected to case.Single layer,
Single fringe packs the underbed that fill, load or be usually coated, the storage most handy crate of packing case, porous hard plastic case or carton；
Pre-cooling, no matter transportation range length, should all advanced pre- freezer pre-cooling, to reduce loss of going rotten, Shelf-life.Dress
Vehicle.It to prevent from waving and jolting when entrucking, while also to prevent from squeezing.Transport.The haulagman suitable according to transportation range selection
Tool and transport temperature, middle-long distance transport should implement cold chain transportation, and short-distance transport may be selected to be transported at room temperature.
Preferably, the agricultural temperature booth structure of the bis- films of the S1 is in use, when ambient temperature is lower than 5 DEG C it is necessary to covering outer membrane
When lower than 0 DEG C, inner membrance is covered, -5 DEG C of extraneous minimum temperature covers straw screen or mat and rain and snow film.
Preferably, in the external heat in the S2 circulating hot wind stove heating structure in use, mid-November to early December,
At 15-20 DEG C, night maintains 5 DEG C or more for control on daytime, and minimum temperature will be at 0 DEG C or more, mid-December to fruit harvesting, daytime
At 5-10 DEG C, night maintains 0 DEG C or more for control, so that temperature is maintained 0-7.2 DEG C after fruit harvesting, minimum temperature is not less than -5
℃。
Preferably, in the fertilizer and water management system in the S3, during fruiting in, early October pours last 1 water, to
Ground is covered comprehensively with film immediately after underwater infiltration, and relative air humidity maintains 70%-80%, daylight before fruit harvesting
Condition can open straw screen or mat when good, into dormant period.
Preferably, points for attention supplement is that suspend mode period management grape does not have to bury soil in the dormant period, makes canopy during suspend mode
Interior temperature maintains 0-7.2 DEG C, and minimum temperature is not less than -5 DEG C, it is ensured that dormancy time 2-3 months, can take off curtain membrane removal.
Having the beneficial effect that through grape remaining on tree preservation technology in the present invention, the wherein agricultural temperature canopy of the double films of console mode steel arch
With circulating hot wind stove corresponding cultivation techniques in external heat, effectively extend the collecting period of grape, can not only severe cold member and
Have delicious, the sweet grape of no antistaling agent pollution in front and back, it is often more important that economic benefit is very considerable；
1. fresh preservation with branches technology attentional selection kind, the long shattering, no of being not easy of late-maturing and pole late variety, fruit brush is selected
Easy dehiscent fruit, it is mature after at carpopodium pulp be not easy the kind that dehydration crimps；
2. fresh preservation with branches technology different phase carry out bagging, fresh preservation with branches Vitis top grade fruit, therefore, fruit ear
Exterior quality is particularly significant；
3. the temperature in fresh preservation with branches technology strict control each stage；
4. fresh preservation with branches technology covers on ground, excessive with interior air humidity to prevent temperature comprehensively, grape grey mould is caused
Big generation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of agricultural temperature booth structure schematic diagram of double films of method of retaining freshness proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of preservation method schematic diagram of method of retaining freshness proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Referring to Fig.1-2, a kind of method of retaining freshness, comprising the following steps:
S1: the agricultural temperature booth structures of double films are established: double agricultural temperature booth structure temperature of film gather around span 9-13m, length 50-100m, interior
Portion is provided with the grape trellis of equidistant arrangement, by the arch of steel pipe and bar construction, concrete isolated footing, double film air heat insulating layers grass
Bitter son and rain and snow film guarantor etc.；
S2: circulating hot wind stove heating structure is established in external heat: hot-blast stove is made of table, furnace body and blower.Outside furnace body
Cylinder is welded with 83 steel plate coils, has high-temperature-resistant thermal-insulation layer outside, there is parallel fire tube 5-7 root in cylinder, long 5.5m has end socket up and down
Back cover fixes fire tube, and centre has fire tube frame to prevent transport from deforming, and the outer letter of furnace has 1 to send cool air hose and 1 hot air duct, cold-hot wind
Pipe is surround in canopy room；
Furnace body seat lights a fire and blows on table, gas extraction in canopy is sent into after heating in furnace and is sent into canopy again.Due to heat
Wind furnace is mounted on outside canopy, to form the heating system recycled in external heat；
S3: fertilizer and water management system is established: during grape growth, by the berry of every production 100kg, needing absorbed nitrogen is 0.3-
0.6kg, phosphorus 0.1-0.3kg, potassium 0.3-0.7kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements Application Ratio be 1:0.8:1.1 requirement,
The vintage 2000kg/667m of fresh preservation with branches2, then 667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) 3000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, NPK is compound
Fertile 30kg, at the beginning of fertilization time 10 months；
667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) imposes plus biogas slurry 40kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 40kg, urea 25kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, mainly
It is imposed in 3 critical periods of young fruit expanding stage fruit color phase budding period, early period, the later period was based on potash fertilizer to urinate Suo Weizhu.Blade face
Fertilizer can be carried out with spray, synchronous watering 6-8 times or so.
S4: build and protect the foundation of bud system: summer pruning will be reinforced in grape growth season to tree body management, and reinforcing frame face is logical
Wind light transmission mitigates the generation of pest and disease damage, and according to harvesting high-quality high-yield index request, timely bud picking determines branch, coming into bloom to the florescence pair
Fruitful branch pinching method is that 6-8 piece leaf pinching is stayed more than inflorescence, and nutrition branch stays 10-12 piece leaf pinching, while removing tendril；
Sublateral shoot processing retains 2 in the fruitful branch pinching sublateral shoot that fruit ear sublateral shoot below all removes fruit ear or more simultaneously
Piece leaf repeated topping, apex retain 1 sublateral shoot and stay 5 repeated topping；
S5: freshness date and the circulatory system foundation for staying the tree period: the fresh-keeping step hardware condition of this grape remaining on tree is double film agricultures
With warm booth structure, the ancillary equipment that the period maintains is circulating hot wind stove heating structure in external heat, fertilizer and water management after plantation and
It builds and protects bud implementation, powder phase and growth cycle are applied in extension, and it is fresh-keeping to fruiting progress while the normal result period is delayed,
The front and back period extends simultaneously, and whole structure plucking cycle is extended；
S6: fresh-keeping product system is established: the whole fringe of packed and transported factor, vanning.Answer whole fringe or the whole fringe of Bian Caibian in the tree, storage
Hiding grape must disposably case in field, forbid secondary vanning, and fresh-keeping transport grape allows that fruit classification is being selected to case.Single layer,
Single fringe packs the underbed that fill, load or be usually coated, the storage most handy crate of packing case, porous hard plastic case or carton；
Pre-cooling, no matter transportation range length, should all advanced pre- freezer pre-cooling, to reduce loss of going rotten, Shelf-life.Dress
Vehicle.It to prevent from waving and jolting when entrucking, while also to prevent from squeezing.Transport.The haulagman suitable according to transportation range selection
Tool and transport temperature, middle-long distance transport should implement cold chain transportation, and short-distance transport may be selected to be transported at room temperature.
In the present invention, the agricultural temperature booth structure of the bis- films of S1 is in use, low it is necessary to cover outer membrane when ambient temperature is lower than 5 DEG C
When 0 DEG C, inner membrance is covered, -5 DEG C of extraneous minimum temperature covers straw screen or mat and rain and snow film, and circulating hot wind stove supplies in the external heat in S2
Warm structure is in use, mid-November to early December, and control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C, and night maintains 5 DEG C or more, and minimum temperature is wanted
At 0 DEG C or more, mid-December to fruit harvesting, daytime is controlled at 5-10 DEG C, and night maintains 0 DEG C or more, makes after fruit harvesting
Temperature maintains 0-7.2 DEG C, and minimum temperature is not less than -5 DEG C, in the fertilizer and water management system in S3, during fruiting in, October
The first tenday period of a month pour last 1 water, cover ground comprehensively with film immediately after seeping under water, relative air humidity maintains before fruit harvesting
70%-80% can open straw screen or mat when daylight condition is good, into dormant period, points for attention supplement is not in the dormant period
Dormancy period management grape does not have to bury soil, so that temperature of shed is maintained 0-7.2 DEG C during suspend mode, minimum temperature is not less than -5 DEG C, it is ensured that
Dormancy time 2-3 months, curtain membrane removal can be taken off.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of retaining freshness, which comprises the following steps:
S1: double agricultural temperature booth structures of film are established: double agricultural temperature booth structure temperature of film gather around span 9-13m, and length 50-100m, inside is set
It is equipped with the grape trellis of equidistant arrangement, by the arch of steel pipe and bar construction, concrete isolated footing, the bitter son of double film air heat insulating layers grass
With rain and snow film protect etc.；
S2: circulating hot wind stove heating structure is established in external heat: hot-blast stove is made of table, furnace body and blower.Furnace body outer cylinder is used
83 steel plate coils are welded, and have high-temperature-resistant thermal-insulation layer outside, there is parallel fire tube 5-7 root in cylinder, and long 5.5m has end socket back cover up and down
Fixed fire tube, centre have fire tube frame to prevent transport from deforming, and the outer letter of furnace has 1 to send cool air hose and 1 hot air duct, and hot and cold air duct exists
It is surround in canopy room；
Furnace body seat lights a fire and blows on table, gas extraction in canopy is sent into after heating in furnace and is sent into canopy again.Due to hot-blast stove
It is mounted on outside canopy, to form the heating system recycled in external heat；
S3: fertilizer and water management system is established: during grape growth, by the berry of every production 100kg, needing absorbed nitrogen is 0.3-
0.6kg, phosphorus 0.1-0.3kg, potassium 0.3-0.7kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements Application Ratio be 1:0.8:1.1 requirement,
The vintage 2000kg/667m of fresh preservation with branches2, then 667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) 3000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, NPK is compound
Fertile 30kg, at the beginning of fertilization time 10 months；
667m2Basal dressing (barnyard manure) imposes plus biogas slurry 40kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 40kg, urea 25kg, and potassium sulfate 40kg is mainly sprouting
Sprouting stage young fruit expanding stage 3 critical periods of fruit color phase impose, and early period, the later period was based on potash fertilizer to urinate Suo Weizhu.Foliar fertilizer can
It is carried out with spray, synchronous watering 6-8 times or so.
S4: build and protect the foundation of bud system: summer pruning will be reinforced in grape growth season to tree body management, and the ventilation of reinforcing frame face is saturating
Light mitigates the generation of pest and disease damage, and according to harvesting high-quality high-yield index request, timely bud picking determines branch, coming into bloom to the florescence to result
Branch pinching method is that 6-8 piece leaf pinching is stayed more than inflorescence, and nutrition branch stays 10-12 piece leaf pinching, while removing tendril；
Sublateral shoot processing retains 2 leaves in the fruitful branch pinching sublateral shoot that fruit ear sublateral shoot below all removes fruit ear or more simultaneously
Repeated topping, apex retain 1 sublateral shoot and stay 5 repeated topping；
S5: freshness date and the circulatory system foundation for staying the tree period: the fresh-keeping step hardware condition of this grape remaining on tree is the agricultural temperature of double films
Booth structure, the ancillary equipment that the period maintains are circulating hot wind stove heating structure in external heat, fertilizer and water management after plantation and are built
It protects bud to implement, powder phase and growth cycle are applied in extension, while the normal result period is delayed, carry out fresh-keeping, front and back to fruiting
Period extends simultaneously, and whole structure plucking cycle is extended；
S6: fresh-keeping product system is established: the whole fringe of packed and transported factor, vanning.Whole fringe or the whole fringe of Bian Caibian in the tree are answered, Portugal is stored
Grape must disposably case in field, forbid secondary vanning, and fresh-keeping transport grape allows that fruit classification is being selected to case.Single layer, Dan Sui
Pack the underbed that fill, load or be usually coated, the storage most handy crate of packing case, porous hard plastic case or carton；
Pre-cooling, no matter transportation range length, should all advanced pre- freezer pre-cooling, to reduce loss of going rotten, Shelf-life.Entrucking.
It to prevent from waving and jolting when entrucking, while also to prevent from squeezing.Transport.The means of transport suitable according to transportation range selection and
Transport temperature, middle-long distance transport should implement cold chain transportation, and short-distance transport may be selected to be transported at room temperature.
2. a kind of method of retaining freshness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agricultural temperature canopy knot of the bis- films of S1
Structure covers inner membrance, -5 DEG C of extraneous minimum temperature is covered in use, when being lower than 0 DEG C when ambient temperature is lower than 5 DEG C it is necessary to cover outer membrane
Lid straw screen or mat and rain and snow film.
3. a kind of method of retaining freshness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that followed in the external heat in the S2
Ring hot-blast stove heating structure is in use, mid-November to early December, and at 15-20 DEG C, night maintains 5 DEG C or more for control on daytime,
Minimum temperature will be at 0 DEG C or more, and mid-December to fruit harvesting, daytime controls at 5-10 DEG C, and night maintains 0 DEG C or more, fruit
Temperature is set to maintain 0-7.2 DEG C after real harvesting, minimum temperature is not less than -5 DEG C.
4. a kind of method of retaining freshness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fertilizer and water management system in the S3
In system, during fruiting in, early October pours last 1 water, covers ground, fruit comprehensively with film immediately after seeping under water
Relative air humidity maintains 70%-80% before harvesting, and straw screen or mat can be opened when daylight condition is good, into dormant period.
5. a kind of method of retaining freshness according to claim 4, which is characterized in that points for attention in the dormant period
Supplement is that suspend mode period management grape does not have to bury soil, so that temperature of shed is maintained 0-7.2 DEG C during suspend mode, minimum temperature is not less than -5
DEG C, it is ensured that dormancy time 2-3 months, curtain membrane removal can be taken off.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910396009.1A CN109997599A (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | Method of retaining freshness |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910396009.1A CN109997599A (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | Method of retaining freshness |
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| CN109997599A true CN109997599A (en) | 2019-07-12 |
Family
ID=67176744
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| CN201910396009.1A Pending CN109997599A (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | Method of retaining freshness |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
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| CN1589612A (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-09 | 闫辉 | Method of retaining freshness of grape remaining on tree |
| CN101828502A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-15 | 戴传启 | Two-harvest-a-year technology for grapes |
| CN101884295A (en) * | 2010-07-03 | 2010-11-17 | 戴传启 | Prematurity and on-tree storage technology for apricot, peach and plum fruits |
| CN104429796A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-03-25 | 四川农业大学 | Grape on-tree storage method |
| CN104488651A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 四川农业大学 | Grape mature delay and tree retaining fresh keeping method |
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2019
- 2019-05-14 CN CN201910396009.1A patent/CN109997599A/en active Pending
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| CN1589612A (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-09 | 闫辉 | Method of retaining freshness of grape remaining on tree |
| CN101828502A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-15 | 戴传启 | Two-harvest-a-year technology for grapes |
| CN101884295A (en) * | 2010-07-03 | 2010-11-17 | 戴传启 | Prematurity and on-tree storage technology for apricot, peach and plum fruits |
| CN104429796A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-03-25 | 四川农业大学 | Grape on-tree storage method |
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| CN110679381A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for keeping grape on tree for preservation |
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Application publication date: 20190712 |