CN109937934A - A kind of shrimp seedling method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of shrimp seedling method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 221
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 206010047400 Vibrio infections Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 76
- 241000238582 Artemia Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000238426 Anostraca Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001672739 Artemia salina Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001131796 Botaurus stellaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shrimp seedling method for culturing seedlings: the seawater using specific gravity greater than 1.02 is using first 25-35 days, the bleaching powder that concentration of splashing into water source is 80-100ppm sterilizes as water source；It puts before seedling in 48h, the water source after disinfection enters nursery pond, and water temperature rises to 26-28 DEG C, and the salinity of water is adjusted to consistent with the source water of young shrimp seedling kind, and EDETATE SODIUM salt 5-8ppm is thrown into water, adjusts dissolved oxygen in water >=6mg/L；The young shrimp for just having entered nursery pond is the P3-P4 stage, and density is ten thousand tails of 7-10/cubic meter, and young shrimp starts to warm up after entering nursery pond, and rate is 0.4-0.6 DEG C/h, finally maintains 29-31 DEG C；During nursery, pass through addition beneficial bacterium agent and change water to process, by the PH control of water in 7.9-8.6, ammonia-nitrogen content≤0.2mg/L, content of nitrite≤0.1mg/L, vibrios number≤10,000/L, by increase and decrease bait feeding amount and increase and decrease transparency control of the quantity of exchanged water by water in 25cm or more；The emergence rate of shrimp seedling of the invention is up to 90%, and the vigor of shrimp seedling is good, and shell time unification, and body colour is clear, and stomach is full.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shrimp seedling culture, in particular to a shrimp seedling culture method.
Background
The penaeus vannamei boone has delicious meat quality, the meat processing rate can reach 67 percent, the suitable temperature range is wide, the penaeus vannamei boone can grow at 18-32 ℃, the suitable salt range is wide, the penaeus vannamei boone can grow under the condition that the salinity is 1-40 per mill, and the penaeus vannamei boone is an excellent breeding variety and is one of the three shrimps with the highest breeding yield in the world at present.
The existing Chinese patent with reference to the grant publication No. CN 105123590B discloses a method for intensively domesticating young penaeus vannamei, which comprises three main steps of water culture, culture and domestication, wherein the domestication is to domesticate the young penaeus vannamei by alternately and synchronously changing osmotic pressure, pH value, temperature, ammonia nitrogen concentration, nitrite concentration and dissolved oxygen amount in the living environment of the young penaeus vannamei, eliminate young penaeus vannamei which is not suitable for environmental change, and select the high-quality young penaeus vannamei which finally survives.
However, in the above method, a large number of shrimp seedlings are eliminated in the shrimp seedling domesticating stage, so that the emergence rate of the shrimp seedlings is greatly reduced, the large-scale production of shrimp seedling raising factories is not facilitated, and how to simultaneously ensure the emergence rate and the quality of the shrimp seedlings is the current development focus.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to: the method for raising the shrimp seedlings has the advantages that the emergence rate of the shrimp seedlings can reach 90%, the activity of the shrimp seedlings is good, the shelling time is uniform, the body color is clear, and the intestines and the stomach are full.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a shrimp seedling raising method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, before seedling release:
adopting seawater with specific gravity more than 1.02 as water source, splashing bleaching powder with concentration of 80-100ppm into the water source 25-35 days before use for disinfection treatment;
adding the sterilized water source into a seedling raising pool within 48 hours before the seedlings are put, raising the water temperature to 26-28 ℃, adjusting the salinity of the water to be consistent with the salinity of the source water of the young shrimp seeds, adding 5-8ppm of EDTA sodium salt into the water as seedling raising water, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the water to be more than or equal to 6 mg/L;
s2, seedling releasing:
the young shrimps just entering the nursery pond are in a stage of P3-P4, the density is 7-10 ten thousand tails/cubic meter, after the young shrimps enter the nursery pond, the water in the nursery pond is heated up, the heating rate is 0.4-0.6 ℃/h, and finally the temperature is maintained at 29-31 ℃;
s3, during seedling culture:
by adding beneficial bacteria and carrying out water change treatment on water in the seedling raising pond, the PH of the water in the seedling raising pond is controlled to be 7.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the number of vibrios is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand/L;
the transparency of the water in the seedling culture pond is controlled to be more than 25cm by increasing and decreasing the bait feeding amount and the water changing amount.
By adopting the scheme, the quality of the seawater is directly related to the success or failure of shrimp fry production, and considering that the water quality of the outer edge water area deteriorates year by year, the seawater for seedling culture is prepared in advance and is subjected to disinfection treatment, so that harmful organisms such as wild fishes and shrimps, phytoplankton, bacteria and the like in the seawater are eliminated, and harmful physicochemical indexes are degraded. The treated seawater is then automatically propagated to unicellular algae to turn the water body into 'fertilizer'. Research and development practices of the inventor prove that when the seawater treated in the way is used for seedling production, residual chlorine is degraded, and unicellular algae are also bred, so that the method is very favorable for seedling production.
The time from the time of the seedling culture water entering the seedling culture pond to the time of seedling release does not exceed 48 hours, so that the water quality is prevented from changing. The EDTA sodium salt is added into the water, so that the heavy metal in the water can be complexed, and a proper water body environment is provided for seedling culture. After the shrimps are put into the nursery pond, the temperature rise rate of water is strictly controlled, and the stress response of the shrimps is weakened.
Clear water fish culture and muddy water shrimp culture, the transparency of water is not required to be too high during the fry culture, the transparency of the water in the fry culture pond is controlled to be more than 25cm, namely the visible depth of the water is within 25cm, and the growth pressure of the shrimp fries is reduced.
Practice proves that the rate of emergence of the shrimp seedling raising method can reach 90%, the activity of the shrimp seedlings is good, the shelling time is uniform, the body color is clear, and the intestines and the stomach are full.
The invention is further configured to: during the seedling raising period, the beneficial bacteria preparation is put into the water in the seedling raising pond once every 24 hours, and each time is 1-2g/m3。
The invention is further configured to: during seedling culture, the water changing treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
when seedlings are released, namely the P3-P4 stage: water is only added to 3/4 of the depth of the nursery pond;
day 2, stages P4-P5: supplementing water with the depth 1/8 of the nursery pond into the nursery pond;
day 3, stage P5-P6: supplementing full water to the seedling raising pond;
day 4 to day 8, i.e., P6-P7 stage-P10-P11 stage: continuously changing water in the whole pond of the seedling raising pond until the water changing amount reaches 45 percent when the stage p10-p11 is finished;
day 9-day 11, P11-P12 stage-P13-P14 stage: changing water twice 24h a day from the 9 th day, wherein the water changing time is morning and midnight; the water change amount is increased every day, wherein the water change amount is 30% from 9 th day and 50% from 11 th day.
The invention is further configured to: feeding baits every 3h during the seedling raising period, wherein the baits comprise natural baits and artificial mixed feeds, the natural baits and the artificial mixed feeds are alternately fed, the natural baits are rotifers and artemia salina, and the artificial mixed feeds are shrimp slices; the feeding amount of each million shrimp larvae per time is as follows:
age 1 day, stage P3-P4: 28-32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 0.9-1.1kg of rotifer;
2 days old, stage P4-P5: 28-32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 0.9-1.1kg of rotifer;
3 days old, stage P5-P6: 33-37g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2-1.3kg of rotifers;
4 days old, stage P6-P7: 38-42g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2-1.3kg of rotifers;
age 5 days, i.e. stages P7-P8: 48-52g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.4-1.6kg of rotifer;
age 6 days, stage P8-P9: 58-62g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.7-1.8kg of rotifer;
age 7 days, stage P9-P10: 74-76g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.9-2.1kg of rotifers;
age 8 days, i.e. stages P10-P11: 88-92g of shrimp slices, 2.4-2.6kg of rotifer and 1.2-1.3kg of large artemia;
age 9 days, stage P11-P12: 103-107g of shrimp chips and 1.4-1.6kg of large artemia;
age 10 days, i.e. stages P12-P13: 122g of shrimp slices 118 and 1.7-1.8kg of artemia salina;
11 days old, stage P13-P14: 142g of shrimp slices 138 and 1.9-2.1kg of artemia salina.
The invention is further configured to: the method is used for sterilizing rotifers and large artemia and specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring rotifers into 250-mesh rotifer bags, washing in clear water until the water for cleaning the rotifer becomes clear, adding 18-22ppm potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the rotifer bags back and forth, soaking for 4-6min, and then washing with clear water to be clean so as to feed;
pouring the large brine shrimp into a large brine shrimp bag of 40 meshes, putting the large brine shrimp bag into clear water for washing until the water for washing the large brine shrimp becomes clear, putting 18-22ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the large brine shrimp bag back and forth, soaking for 4-6min, and then washing with the clear water for feeding.
The invention is further configured to: in operation S2, when the seedlings are released, the oxygen-filled plastic bag is first soaked in water in the seedling raising pond, and then opened for releasing the seedlings after the temperature inside and outside the oxygen-filled plastic bag is consistent.
The invention is further configured to: and (3) before the seedlings are discharged from the pond, reducing the temperature of the water in the seedling pond to 19-23 ℃.
The invention is further configured to: in operation S1, the salinity of the water in the nursery pond is adjusted by: adding bittern or fresh water to raise salinity.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, 25-35 days before seedling culture, bleaching powder with the concentration of 80-100ppm is sprinkled into seawater as a water source for disinfection, harmful organisms such as wild fishes and shrimps, phytoplankton, bacteria and the like in the seawater are removed, harmful physicochemical indexes are degraded simultaneously, the treated seawater automatically breeds unicellular algae to turn water into 'fertilizer', and practice proves that the unicellular algae are also bred after the residual chlorine is degraded during the seedling culture production of the seawater treated in such a way, so that the method is very favorable for the seedling culture production;
2. the invention strictly limits the water quality index and provides a good water environment for seedling culture;
3. the invention has high unification degree of specific operations such as water changing treatment, bait feeding and the like, and is suitable for batch culture in factories;
4. the seedling emergence rate of the seedling raising method can reach 90%, the shrimp seedlings have good vitality, the shelling time is uniform, the body color is clear, and the intestines and the stomach are full.
Detailed Description
As described in further detail below, the shrimp larvae in the following examples and comparative examples were Penaeus vannamei Boone.
Example 1
A shrimp seedling raising method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, before seedling release:
adopting seawater with specific gravity more than 1.02 as water source, and sprinkling bleaching powder with concentration of 80ppm into the water source 25 days before use for disinfection treatment;
adding the sterilized water source into a seedling raising pool within 48 hours before the seedlings are put, raising the water temperature to 26 ℃, adjusting the salinity of the water to be consistent with the salinity of the source water of the shrimp larvae by adding brine or fresh water, adding 5ppm of EDTA sodium salt into the water to serve as water for raising the seedlings, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the water to be more than or equal to 6 mg/L;
s2, seedling releasing:
firstly, placing an oxygenated plastic bag into water in a seedling raising pond for soaking, and opening the oxygenated plastic bag for seedling raising after the internal and external temperatures of the oxygenated plastic bag tend to be consistent;
the young shrimps just entering the nursery pond are in a stage of P3-P4, the density is 7 ten thousand tails per cubic meter, after the young shrimps enter the nursery pond, the temperature of water in the nursery pond is raised, the temperature raising rate is 0.4 ℃/h, and finally the temperature is maintained at 29 ℃;
s3, during seedling culture:
by adding beneficial bacteria and carrying out water change treatment on water in the seedling raising pond, the PH of the water in the seedling raising pond is controlled to be 7.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the number of vibrios is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand/L;
controlling the transparency of water in the seedling culture pond to be more than 25cm by increasing and decreasing the bait feeding amount and increasing and decreasing the water changing amount;
wherein,
(1) the specific operation of adding the beneficial microbial inoculum is as follows:
the beneficial bacteria preparation is put into the water in the seedling culture pond once every 24h, and each time is 1g/m3；
(2) The water changing treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
when seedlings are released, namely the P3-P4 stage: water is only added to 3/4 of the depth of the nursery pond;
day 2, stages P4-P5: supplementing water with the depth 1/8 of the nursery pond into the nursery pond;
day 3, stage P5-P6: supplementing full water to the seedling raising pond;
day 4 to day 8, i.e., P6-P7 stage-P10-P11 stage: continuously changing water in the whole pond of the seedling raising pond until the water changing amount reaches 45 percent when the stage p10-p11 is finished;
day 9-day 11, P11-P12 stage-P13-P14 stage: changing water twice 24h a day from the 9 th day, wherein the water changing time is morning and midnight; the water change amount needs to be increased every day, wherein the water change amount from 9 th day is 30 percent, and the water change amount from 11 th day is 50 percent;
(3) the bait feeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding baits every 3h, wherein the baits comprise natural baits and artificial mixed feeds, the natural baits and the artificial mixed feeds are alternately fed, the natural baits are rotifers and artemia, and the artificial mixed feeds are shrimp slices; the feeding amount of each million shrimp larvae per time is as follows:
age 1 day, stage P3-P4: 28g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt and 0.9kg of rotifer;
2 days old, stage P4-P5: 28g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt and 0.9kg of rotifer;
3 days old, stage P5-P6: 33g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2kg of rotifers;
4 days old, stage P6-P7: 38g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2kg of rotifers;
age 5 days, i.e. stages P7-P8: 48g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.4kg of rotifers;
age 6 days, stage P8-P9: 58g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.7kg of rotifers;
age 7 days, stage P9-P10: 74g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.9kg of rotifers;
age 8 days, i.e. stages P10-P11: 88g of shrimp slices, 2.4kg of rotifer and 1.2kg of large artemia;
age 9 days, stage P11-P12: 103g of prawn slices and 1.4kg of large artemia;
age 10 days, i.e. stages P12-P13: 118g of prawn slices and 1.7kg of large artemia;
11 days old, stage P13-P14: 138g of shrimp slices, 1.9kg of large artemia,
the method is used for sterilizing rotifers and large artemia and specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring rotifers into 250-mesh rotifer bags, washing the rotifer bags in clear water until water for washing the rotifer becomes clear, adding 18ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the rotifer bags back and forth, soaking for 4min, and then washing the rotifer bags clean with clear water to feed;
pouring the artemia into a 40-mesh artemia bag, putting the artemia bag into clear water for washing until the water for washing the artemia becomes clear, putting 18ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the artemia bag back and forth, soaking for 4min, and then washing the artemia bag clean by the clear water for feeding.
S4, emergence of seedlings:
and (3) before the seedlings are discharged from the pond, reducing the temperature of the water in the seedling pond to 19 ℃.
Example 2
A shrimp seedling raising method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, before seedling release:
adopting seawater with specific gravity more than 1.02 as water source, and sprinkling bleaching powder with concentration of 90ppm into the water source 30 days before use for disinfection treatment;
adding the sterilized water source into a seedling raising pool within 48 hours before the seedlings are put, raising the water temperature to 27 ℃, adjusting the salinity of the water to be consistent with the salinity of the source water of the shrimp larvae by adding brine or fresh water, adding 6ppm of EDTA sodium salt into the water to serve as water for raising the seedlings, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the water to be more than or equal to 6 mg/L;
s2, seedling releasing:
firstly, placing an oxygenated plastic bag into water in a seedling raising pond for soaking, and opening the oxygenated plastic bag for seedling raising after the internal and external temperatures of the oxygenated plastic bag tend to be consistent;
the young shrimps just entering the nursery pond are in a stage of P3-P4, the density is 8 ten thousand tails per cubic meter, after the young shrimps enter the nursery pond, the temperature of water in the nursery pond is raised, the temperature raising rate is 0.5 ℃/h, and finally the temperature is maintained at 30 ℃;
s3, during seedling culture:
by adding beneficial bacteria and carrying out water change treatment on water in the seedling raising pond, the PH of the water in the seedling raising pond is controlled to be 7.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the number of vibrios is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand/L;
controlling the transparency of water in the seedling culture pond to be more than 25cm by increasing and decreasing the bait feeding amount and increasing and decreasing the water changing amount;
wherein,
(1) the specific operation of adding the beneficial microbial inoculum is as follows:
the beneficial bacteria preparation is put into the water in the seedling culture pond once every 24h, and each time is 1.5g/m3；
(2) The water changing treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
when seedlings are released, namely the P3-P4 stage: water is only added to 3/4 of the depth of the nursery pond;
day 2, stages P4-P5: supplementing water with the depth 1/8 of the nursery pond into the nursery pond;
day 3, stage P5-P6: supplementing full water to the seedling raising pond;
day 4 to day 8, i.e., P6-P7 stage-P10-P11 stage: continuously changing water in the whole pond of the seedling raising pond until the water changing amount reaches 45 percent when the stage p10-p11 is finished;
day 9-day 11, P11-P12 stage-P13-P14 stage: changing water twice 24h a day from the 9 th day, wherein the water changing time is morning and midnight; the water change amount needs to be increased every day, wherein the water change amount from 9 th day is 30 percent, and the water change amount from 11 th day is 50 percent;
(3) the bait feeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding baits every 3h, wherein the baits comprise natural baits and artificial mixed feeds, the natural baits and the artificial mixed feeds are alternately fed, the natural baits are rotifers and artemia, and the artificial mixed feeds are shrimp slices; the feeding amount of each million shrimp larvae per time is as follows:
age 1 day, stage P3-P4: 30g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt and 1kg of rotifer;
2 days old, stage P4-P5: 30g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt and 1kg of rotifer;
3 days old, stage P5-P6: 35g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.25kg of rotifers;
4 days old, stage P6-P7: 40g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.25kg of rotifers;
age 5 days, i.e. stages P7-P8: 50g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.5kg of rotifers;
age 6 days, stage P8-P9: 60g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.75kg of rotifers;
age 7 days, stage P9-P10: 75g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 2kg of rotifers;
age 8 days, i.e. stages P10-P11: 90g of shrimp slices, 2.5kg of rotifers and 1.25kg of large artemia;
age 9 days, stage P11-P12: 105g of prawn slices and 1.5kg of large artemia;
age 10 days, i.e. stages P12-P13: 120g of prawn slices and 1.75kg of large artemia;
11 days old, stage P13-P14: 140g of prawn slices, 2kg of large artemia,
the method is used for sterilizing rotifers and large artemia and specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring rotifers into 250-mesh rotifer bags, washing the rotifer bags in clear water until water for washing the rotifer becomes clear, adding 20ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the rotifer bags back and forth, soaking for 5min, and then washing the rotifer bags clean with clear water for feeding;
pouring the artemia into a 40-mesh artemia bag, putting the artemia into clear water for washing until the water for washing the artemia is clear, putting 20ppm potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the artemia bag back and forth, soaking for 5min, and then washing the artemia bag clean by the clear water for feeding.
S4, emergence of seedlings:
and (3) before the seedlings are discharged from the pond, reducing the temperature of the water in the seedling pond to 20 ℃.
Example 3
A shrimp seedling raising method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, before seedling release:
adopting seawater with specific gravity more than 1.02 as water source, and sprinkling bleaching powder with concentration of 100ppm into the water source 35 days before use for disinfection treatment;
adding the sterilized water source into a seedling raising pool within 48 hours before the seedlings are put, raising the water temperature to 28 ℃, adjusting the salinity of the water to be consistent with the salinity of the source water of the shrimp larvae by adding brine or fresh water, adding 8ppm of EDTA sodium salt into the water to serve as water for raising the seedlings, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the water to be more than or equal to 6 mg/L;
s2, seedling releasing:
firstly, placing an oxygenated plastic bag into water in a seedling raising pond for soaking, and opening the oxygenated plastic bag for seedling raising after the internal and external temperatures of the oxygenated plastic bag tend to be consistent;
the young shrimps just entering the nursery pond are in a stage of P3-P4, the density is 10 ten thousand tails per cubic meter, after the young shrimps enter the nursery pond, the temperature of water in the nursery pond is raised, the temperature raising rate is 0.6 ℃/h, and finally the temperature is maintained at 31 ℃;
s3, during seedling culture:
by adding beneficial bacteria and carrying out water change treatment on water in the seedling raising pond, the PH of the water in the seedling raising pond is controlled to be 7.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the number of vibrios is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand/L;
controlling the transparency of water in the seedling culture pond to be more than 25cm by increasing and decreasing the bait feeding amount and increasing and decreasing the water changing amount;
wherein,
(1) the specific operation of adding the beneficial microbial inoculum is as follows:
the beneficial bacteria preparation is added into the water in the seedling culture pond once every 24h, and each time is 2g/m3；
(2) The water changing treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
when seedlings are released, namely the P3-P4 stage: water is only added to 3/4 of the depth of the nursery pond;
day 2, stages P4-P5: supplementing water with the depth 1/8 of the nursery pond into the nursery pond;
day 3, stage P5-P6: supplementing full water to the seedling raising pond;
day 4 to day 8, i.e., P6-P7 stage-P10-P11 stage: continuously changing water in the whole pond of the seedling raising pond until the water changing amount reaches 45 percent when the stage p10-p11 is finished;
day 9-day 11, P11-P12 stage-P13-P14 stage: changing water twice 24h a day from the 9 th day, wherein the water changing time is morning and midnight; the water exchange amount is increased every day, wherein the water exchange amount from 9 th day is 30% and the water exchange amount from 11 th day is 50%
(3) The bait feeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding baits every 3h, wherein the baits comprise natural baits and artificial mixed feeds, the natural baits and the artificial mixed feeds are alternately fed, the natural baits are rotifers and artemia, and the artificial mixed feeds are shrimp slices; the feeding amount of each million shrimp larvae per time is as follows:
age 1 day, stage P3-P4: 32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 1.1kg of rotifer;
2 days old, stage P4-P5: 32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 1.1kg of rotifer;
3 days old, stage P5-P6: 37g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.3kg of rotifers;
4 days old, stage P6-P7: 42g of prawn slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt, and 1.3kg of rotifer;
age 5 days, i.e. stages P7-P8: 52g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.6kg of rotifers;
age 6 days, stage P8-P9: 62g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.8kg of rotifers;
age 7 days, stage P9-P10: 76g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 2.1kg of rotifers;
age 8 days, i.e. stages P10-P11: 92g of shrimp slices, 2.6kg of rotifer and 1.3kg of large artemia;
age 9 days, stage P11-P12: 107g of prawn slices and 1.6kg of large artemia;
age 10 days, i.e. stages P12-P13: 122g of prawn slices and 1.8kg of large artemia;
11 days old, stage P13-P14: 142g of prawn slices, 2.1kg of large artemia,
the method is used for sterilizing rotifers and large artemia and specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring rotifers into 250-mesh rotifer bags, washing the rotifer bags in clear water until water for washing the rotifer becomes clear, adding 22ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the rotifer bags back and forth, soaking for 6min, and then washing the rotifer bags clean with clear water to feed;
pouring the artemia into a 40-mesh artemia bag, putting the artemia bag into clear water for washing until the water for washing the artemia becomes clear, putting 22ppm potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the artemia bag back and forth, soaking for 6min, and then washing the artemia bag clean by the clear water for feeding.
S4, emergence of seedlings:
and (3) before the seedlings are discharged from the pond, reducing the temperature of the water in the seedling pond to 23 ℃.
Comparative example 1
A shrimp seedling raising method, which is different from the embodiment 2 in that: in operation S1, the water source is not disinfected 30 days before use.
Comparative example 2
A shrimp seedling raising method, which is different from the embodiment 2 in that: in operation S1, 10 days before use, 80-100ppm bleaching powder is sprinkled on the water source for disinfection.
Seedling raising fruit
The emergence rate and the shrimp postlarvae status of the seedling raising methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were recorded, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 emergence rate and shrimp larvae status
As can be seen from table 1, the rate of emergence of the shrimp seedling raising methods of examples 1 to 3 was all over 90%, i.e., the shrimp seedling raising method of the present invention had a high rate of emergence, and the shrimp seedlings were good in vitality during emergence, uniform in shelling time, clear in body color, and full in intestines and stomach.
As can be seen from the example 2 and the comparative examples 1-2, the water source is disinfected 30 days before use, so that the emergence rate can be effectively improved, and the quality of shrimp fries can be improved. The reason is that the disinfection treatment is carried out in advance, so that the harmful organisms such as wild fishes and shrimps, phytoplankton, bacteria and the like in the seawater can be eliminated, the harmful physicochemical indexes are degraded, the treated seawater can automatically propagate the unicellular algae to enable the water body to become fat, and when the treated seawater is used for seedling culture production, the degradation of residual chlorine is finished, the unicellular algae are also propagated, so that the method is very favorable for the seedling culture production.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can modify the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading this specification, but only fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A shrimp seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1, before seedling release:
adopting seawater with specific gravity more than 1.02 as water source, splashing bleaching powder with concentration of 80-100ppm into the water source 25-35 days before use for disinfection treatment;
adding the sterilized water source into a seedling raising pool within 48 hours before the seedlings are put, raising the water temperature to 26-28 ℃, adjusting the salinity of the water to be consistent with the salinity of the source water of the young shrimp seeds, adding 5-8ppm of EDTA sodium salt into the water as seedling raising water, and adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the water to be more than or equal to 6 mg/L;
s2, seedling releasing:
the young shrimps just entering the nursery pond are in a stage of P3-P4, the density is 7-10 ten thousand tails/cubic meter, after the young shrimps enter the nursery pond, the water in the nursery pond is heated up, the heating rate is 0.4-0.6 ℃/h, and finally the temperature is maintained at 29-31 ℃;
s3, during seedling culture:
by adding beneficial bacteria and carrying out water change treatment on water in the seedling raising pond, the PH of the water in the seedling raising pond is controlled to be 7.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the number of vibrios is less than or equal to 1 ten thousand/L;
the transparency of the water in the seedling culture pond is controlled to be more than 25cm by increasing and decreasing the bait feeding amount and the water changing amount.
2. The shrimp larvae culturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beneficial bacteria preparation is added to the water in the pond every 24h during the culturing period, 1-2g/m each time3。
3. A shrimp larvae breeding method according to claim 1, wherein during the breeding period, the water changing treatment specifically comprises:
when seedlings are released, namely the P3-P4 stage: water is only added to 3/4 of the depth of the nursery pond;
day 2, stages P4-P5: supplementing water with the depth 1/8 of the nursery pond into the nursery pond;
day 3, stage P5-P6: supplementing full water to the seedling raising pond;
day 4 to day 8, i.e., P6-P7 stage-P10-P11 stage: continuously changing water in the whole pond of the seedling raising pond until the water changing amount reaches 45 percent when the stage p10-p11 is finished;
day 9-day 11, P11-P12 stage-P13-P14 stage: changing water twice 24h a day from the 9 th day, wherein the water changing time is morning and midnight; the water change amount is increased every day, wherein the water change amount is 30% from 9 th day and 50% from 11 th day.
4. The shrimp larvae breeding method according to claim 1, wherein during the breeding, baits are fed every 3h, the baits comprise natural baits and artificial mixed feeds, the natural baits and the artificial mixed feeds are fed alternately, the natural baits are selected from rotifers and artemia, and the artificial mixed feeds are selected from shrimp pieces; the feeding amount of each million shrimp larvae per time is as follows:
age 1 day, stage P3-P4: 28-32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 0.9-1.1kg of rotifer;
2 days old, stage P4-P5: 28-32g of prawn slices filtered by a 80-mesh net belt, and 0.9-1.1kg of rotifer;
3 days old, stage P5-P6: 33-37g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2-1.3kg of rotifers;
4 days old, stage P6-P7: 38-42g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.2-1.3kg of rotifers;
age 5 days, i.e. stages P7-P8: 48-52g of shrimp slices filtered by a 60-mesh net belt and 1.4-1.6kg of rotifer;
age 6 days, stage P8-P9: 58-62g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.7-1.8kg of rotifer;
age 7 days, stage P9-P10: 74-76g of shrimp slices filtered by a 40-mesh net belt and 1.9-2.1kg of rotifers;
age 8 days, i.e. stages P10-P11: 88-92g of shrimp slices, 2.4-2.6kg of rotifer and 1.2-1.3kg of large artemia;
age 9 days, stage P11-P12: 103-107g of shrimp chips and 1.4-1.6kg of large artemia;
age 10 days, i.e. stages P12-P13: 122g of shrimp slices 118 and 1.7-1.8kg of artemia salina;
11 days old, stage P13-P14: 142g of shrimp slices 138 and 1.9-2.1kg of artemia salina.
5. A shrimp seedling raising method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rotifer and the artemia are sterilized, specifically:
pouring rotifers into 250-mesh rotifer bags, washing in clear water until the water for cleaning the rotifer becomes clear, adding 18-22ppm potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the rotifer bags back and forth, soaking for 4-6min, and then washing with clear water to be clean so as to feed;
pouring the large brine shrimp into a large brine shrimp bag of 40 meshes, putting the large brine shrimp bag into clear water for washing until the water for washing the large brine shrimp becomes clear, putting 18-22ppm of potassium permanganate into the water, turning over the large brine shrimp bag back and forth, soaking for 4-6min, and then washing with the clear water for feeding.
6. The shrimp larvae breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in operation S2, when the seedlings are released, the oxygen-filled plastic bag is first soaked in water in the seedling raising pond, and then opened for releasing the seedlings after the temperature inside and outside the oxygen-filled plastic bag is consistent.
7. The shrimp larvae breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) before the seedlings are discharged from the pond, reducing the temperature of the water in the seedling pond to 19-23 ℃.
8. The shrimp seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the operation S1, the salinity of the water in the raising pond is adjusted by: adding bittern or fresh water to raise salinity.
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| CN107683805A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-13 | 曹全民 | A kind of technical method of paddy field aquaculture freshwater shrimp |
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| CN104621024A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-05-20 | 天津渤海水产研究所 | Anti-season penaeus vanmamei factory culture method |
| CN106172121A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 青岛农业大学 | The method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick |
| CN107683805A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-13 | 曹全民 | A kind of technical method of paddy field aquaculture freshwater shrimp |
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Application publication date: 20190628 |