CN106172121A - The method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick - Google Patents
The method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick Download PDFInfo
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- CN106172121A CN106172121A CN201610561191.8A CN201610561191A CN106172121A CN 106172121 A CN106172121 A CN 106172121A CN 201610561191 A CN201610561191 A CN 201610561191A CN 106172121 A CN106172121 A CN 106172121A
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010058096 Pancreatic necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000179684 Passiflora quadrangularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011266 Passiflora quadrangularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007413 intestinal health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick, specifically comprise the steps of one, material that salinization mark is thick and method: the preparation of (1) standard crude pool；(2) early stage of breeding water body processes；Two, seed is thrown in: (1) seed selects and throws in；(2) shrimp Seedling mark crude density；Three, salinization mark extra heavy pipe reason: (1) bait feeding；(2) bait regulation and control；(3) salinization processes；Four, pond situation is gone out: emergence rate reaches 60%～80%, and tolerance salinity is all 50～60, and specification is 1.5～2cm, obtained seed is all healthy and strong vivaciously, muscle enriches, intestinal is full, whole body is bright and clean without attachment, sensitive to external irritant reaction, has top water to move about and be stained with wallflow and is.The present invention gradually makes shrimp Seedling adapt to new environment by the salinity improving constantly culturing pool, and then reaches to make shrimp Seedling produce halophilic characteristic, thus realizes to put in a suitable place to breed in high salt region, improves weed survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural technique field of prawn, be specifically related to a kind of Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark thick
Method.
Background technology
Litopenaeus vannamei belongs to eurysalinity shrimps, has stronger toleration to salinity, tolerates salinity 0.5～70, the suitableeest
Salinity 23～35, at present, the thick work study of mark of Litopenaeus vannamei seed is concentrated mainly on Brackish water Pond and thick technology is marked in desalination,
Slightly studying less to salinization mark, Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation in the northern area of China is main based on sea-farming and freshwater aquiculture, salt
Degree 0.5～40, part cultivation area salinity 40～60, research find, salinity more than 35 prawn growth with salinity raise and
Slowing down, survival rate reduces, and the protein depletion that too high salinity can be used in regulation osmotic pressure is relatively big, if shrimp body can not get abundance
Bait will restrict growth, and mortality rate gradually rises, but high salt shrimp is higher than fresh water shrimp and less salt shrimp, Wen Guo etc. in quality
Result of study show, on protein, ash, Fresh ear field and shrimp taste amino acid content, mariculture prawn is higher than every
The freshwater aquiculture prawn of tail equal in quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick, it can efficiently solve
Problem in the presence of background technology.
In order to solve the problem in the presence of background technology, specifically comprise the steps of
One, salinization mark is thick material and method
(1) preparation of standard crude pool
The indoor water mud sump that salinization mark slightly operates at cultivating workshop is carried out, and culturing pool length-width ratio 1: 1 has certain at the bottom of pond
Angle of inclination, and it is provided with PVC drain pipe, discharge outlet side outline is low less than whole pond, and discharge outlet drainage ditch total with workshop communicates,
Utilizing it to collect shrimp Seedling, blowdown, standard crude pool is equipped with perfect culvert system, air supply system and temperature-increasing system, culvert system
Being provided with independent seawater pipeline and fresh water pipeline, air supply system includes that Roots blower, gas pipeline, air hose, ventilation are adjusted
Joint valve, nanotube gas dish, be uniformly distributed nanotube aeration plate at the bottom of pond, it is ensured that water body dissolved oxygen content is more than 6mg/L；
(2) early stage of breeding water body processes
2a) standard crude pool sterilization
Put first three sky of Seedling, the medicine of standard crude pool and breeding device strong oxidizing property is carried out strict sterilization process, selects Gao Meng
At least one medicine disinfection in acid potassium, bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%), povidone iodine, concrete operations:
Potassium permanganate 10mg/L～20mg/L or 100mg/L bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%) are watered full pool spilling head, scrub at the bottom of pond,
Pool wall, after sterilization terminates, rinses well repeatedly with fresh water；
2b) water filling and regulation
Breeding water is nature seawater, through filtration, precipitation, foam separation, uv-radiation sterilisation, aeration, sand before using
Filters etc. process, and are driven in feed coefficient by the sea water handled well, by the aqueduct between feed coefficient and cultivating workshop by water
It is conveyed into workshop distribution reservoir, after distribution reservoir completes salinity and temperature regulation, by levitated pump, water distribution water is squeezed into standard crude pool,
Adding filter stick at standard crude pool water inlet, early stage adds seawater injection to standard crude pool, and salinity is close with former nursery pond salinity, the thick initial salt of mark
Degree generally 27, temperature is 30 DEG C, and pH is 7.8～8.5, opens inflation regulation valve, and for water aeration, its effect has two aspects,
On the one hand increasing the dissolved oxygen content in water, on the other hand eliminate the chlorine residue in water by aeration, chlorine residue is too high can be by using
Sodium thiosulfate (Aquatic product is used) water-sprinkling regulation, consumption: by 1.5g/m3Weigh medicine, fully dissolve with water, complete after diluting 1000 times
Splashing in pond, uses vibrio content and total strain class and quantity, root in vibrio detection culture medium and total bacterium detection culture medium detection water
Selectively splashing according to testing result related drugs, use pH quickly to analyze box and detect, pH is too high uses alkaline-reducing bacterium to adjust
Joint, pH is too low uses sodium bicarbonate regulation, if water body is really up to the mark, weighs disodiumedetate by 3～5mg/L in standard crude pool
(EDTA-2Na) full pool spilling head, chelates heavy metal in water；
2c) bait prepares
Bait artifical compound feed and the big class of animal bait two, artifical compound feed selects Silver Lake board shrimp crack, Hai Ji
At least one in board B.P or Japanese car unit feedstuff, animal bait selects fresh and alive big artemia, wheel animalcule, and wheel animalcule germling can be led to
Cross workshop to spread cultivation acquisition；
Two, seed is thrown in
(1) seed selects and throws in
Shrimp Seedling selective body surface drying is clean, travelling the most effectively, it is good to ingest, gutstring is clear, and specification is P5, P6 phase, length 0.3
～0.5cm son shrimp is individual, seed enters 1h before pond, full pool spilling head anti-stress removing toxic substances VC, prepares for alleviating the stress state of seed,
Putting and measure the salinity in seed bag and temperature before Seedling, water salinity to regulate to basically identical, put Seedling be typically chosen at noon and
In afternoon, night is the collection mid-term that shrimp Seedling takes off shell, forbids putting Seedling night, reduces the mechanical damage caused because putting Seedling, incites somebody to action when putting Seedling
Pond put into by seed bag so that it is bubble through the water column, and unties seed bag, slowly poured in culturing pool by seed, Xiang Chizhong after crossing 15min
Splash shrimp crack and black grain, in time for shrimp Seedling extra-nutrition；
(2) shrimp Seedling mark crude density
The standard crude pool breeding density of shrimp Seedling is unsuitable too high, otherwise can affect quality and the speed of growth, but also need to take into account economy
Benefit, selects the shrimp Seedling of 0.3～0.5cm, with 7～120,000 tails/m3Density is thrown in and is advisable；
Three, salinization mark extra heavy pipe reason
(1) bait feeding
Bait requires comprehensive nutrition equilibrium, principle " a small amount of diligent feed ", and often meal is intended to control well the time thrown something and fed and frequency,
Select cheap shrimp crack, wheel animalcule and big artemia, bait feeding amount need to according to the growth of shrimp Seedling, ingest and excretion situation is carried out
Adjust, early stage day feeding volume be the 15%～30% of shrimp body body weight, shrimp crack increase by 5～10g every day, and big artemia feeding volume is shrimp crack
3.5 times, wheel animalcule feeding volume is 3 times of shrimp crack, day in mid-term feeding volume be the 10%～15% of shrimp body body weight, day in later stage feeding volume
For the 5%～10% of shrimp body body weight, throwing something and feeding every day 8 times, every 3h throws something and feeds 1 time, and shrimp crack and big artemia or wheel animalcule are thrown something and fed in turn, buy
Big artemia, need to carry out strict sterilization, and gently rub with sea water and clean up, put into frost 7h in refrigerator, take out before waiting to throw something and feed and chop
Broken throwing something and feeding, wheel animalcule takes the fresh and alive wheel animalcule spread cultivation and throws something and feeds, strict sterilization to be carried out, and periodically adds Japanese car unit feedstuff in bait
Or at least one of sea collection board B.P, at least one nutrition enhancer in immune polysaccharide, dried yeast tablets or multidimensional；
(2) bait regulation and control
1h after throwing something and feeding, fetches water with beaker and observes light, the ingesting of prawn Seedling, move about, the situation such as excretion is conscientiously observed,
If water body is limpid, transparency is good and without residual bait, then explanation is just thrown something and fed, and the later stage can suitably feed；If there being a little residual bait, water has
Smoky sensation, poor transparency, has residual bait deposited bottom, then again need to observe after half an hour, if existing residual bait,
Then needing to reduce feeding volume in time, every day, prawn Seedling carried out simple count, accomplished the understanding of seed quantity and specification, coordinated every day
Situation, the change of water quality of ingesting adjusts bait feeding amount and kind in time；
(3) salinization processes
The salinization of Litopenaeus vannamei processes the principle following " incremental ", the salinity amplitude of accommodation of every day less than 8～
12, when salinity is more than 43, when salinity altercation amplitude is more than 8, need to carry out at twice, salinity regulation must control waterflood injection rate well,
Take the method that shallow bid sluggish flow fills, useful viable bacteria of periodically splashing, regulate water ecological setting；
Four, pond situation is gone out
Emergence rate reaches 60%～80%, and tolerance salinity is all 50～60, and specification is 1.5～2cm, and obtained seed is all healthy and strong to live
Sprinkle, muscle enriches, intestinal is full, and whole body is bright and clean without attachment, sensitive to external irritant reaction, has top water travelling and is stained with wallflow
For.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, the method have the advantages that the salt by improving constantly culturing pool
Degree gradually makes shrimp Seedling adapt to new environment, and then reaches to make shrimp Seedling produce halophilic characteristic, thus realization can be in high salt district
Territory is put in a suitable place to breed, improves weed survival rate, shortens the purpose in cycle of forming.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment
The method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick, specifically comprises the steps of
One, salinization mark is thick material and method:
(1) preparation of standard crude pool
The indoor water mud sump that salinization mark slightly operates at cultivating workshop is carried out, culturing pool length-width ratio 1: 1, effective area 25m2,
The deep 1.6m in pond, maximum water-storage 37.5m3, full pond cement mortar wipes one's face, and surface is coated with one layer of waterproof coating, has certain inclining at the bottom of pond
Rake angle, and it is provided with 100 millimeters of PVC drain pipe, discharge outlet side outline is low less than whole pond, discharge outlet and the total drainage ditch in workshop
Communicating, utilize it to collect shrimp Seedling, blowdown, standard crude pool is equipped with perfect culvert system, air supply system and temperature-increasing system, enters draining
System is provided with independent seawater pipeline and fresh water pipeline, and air supply system includes Roots blower, gas pipeline, air hose, leads to
Controlled atmosphere joint valve, nanotube gas dish, be uniformly distributed nanotube aeration plate at the bottom of pond, every pond is furnished with 5 gas dishes, it is ensured that water body dissolved oxygen content
More than 6mg/L, cultivating workshop well-ventilated, illumination is sufficient；
(2) early stage of breeding water body processes
2a) standard crude pool sterilization
Put first three sky of Seedling, the medicine of standard crude pool and breeding device strong oxidizing property is carried out strict sterilization process, kills harmful animal
Biology, improves pool bottom environment, accomplishes that the cleaning of standard crude pool is clean, selects potassium permanganate, bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%)
Or at least one medicine in povidone iodine carrys out disinfection, concrete operations: potassium permanganate 10mg/L～20mg/L or
100mg/L bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%) is watered full pool spilling head, scrubs at the bottom of pond, pool wall, after sterilization terminates, anti-with fresh water
Rinse well again；
2b) water filling and regulation
Breeding water is nature seawater, through filtration, precipitation, foam separation, uv-radiation sterilisation, aeration, sand before using
Filters etc. process, and are driven in feed coefficient by the sea water handled well, by the aqueduct between feed coefficient and cultivating workshop by water
It is conveyed into workshop distribution reservoir, after distribution reservoir completes salinity and temperature regulation, by levitated pump, water distribution water is squeezed into standard crude pool,
Adding filter stick (composition: water pipe, absorbent cotton, grenadine, cotton bag) at standard crude pool water inlet, early stage fills 110cm sea water to standard crude pool,
Salinity is close with former nursery pond salinity, and the thick initial salinity of mark is generally 27, and temperature is 30 DEG C, and pH is 7.8～8.5, opens inflation
Regulation valve, for water aeration, its effect has two aspects, on the one hand increases the dissolved oxygen content in water, is on the other hand disappeared by aeration
Except the chlorine residue in water, chlorine residue is too high can be regulated by using sodium thiosulfate (Aquatic product is used) water-sprinkling, consumption: by 1.5g/m3Claim
Get it filled product, fully dissolve with water, full pool spilling head after diluting 1000 times, use vibrio detection culture medium and the detection culture medium inspection of total bacterium
Surveying vibrio content and total strain class and quantity in water, related drugs of selectively splashing according to testing result, by using Huizhou
Like that examination spirit " Wei Qing " vibrio jinx realizes " antibacterial with bacterium " purpose, potent suppression Vibro harveyi, reduce Acute Hepatic pancreatic necrosis
Generation, use pH quickly to analyze box and detect, pH is too high uses alkaline-reducing bacterium (acetic acid bacteria and lactobacillus preparation) regulation, pH
Too low sodium bicarbonate of using regulates, if water body is really up to the mark, weighs disodiumedetate by 3～5mg/L in standard crude pool
(EDTA-2Na) full pool spilling head, chelates heavy metal in water；
2c) bait prepares
Bait artifical compound feed and the big class of animal bait two, artifical compound feed selects Silver Lake board shrimp crack, Hai Ji
Board B.P, Japanese car unit feedstuff etc., animal bait selects fresh and alive big artemia, wheel animalcule, and wheel animalcule germling can be spread cultivation by workshop and obtain
, both can ensure the fresh and alive of germling, it is possible to ensure to have wheel animalcule germling long run supply, save aquaculture cost；
Two, seed is thrown in
(1) seed selects and throws in
Shrimp Seedling selective body surface drying is clean, travelling the most effectively, it is good to ingest, gutstring is clear, and specification is P5, P6 phase length 0.3
～0.5cm son shrimp is individual, seed enters 1h before pond, full pool spilling head anti-stress removing toxic substances VC, and the stress state of position alleviation seed is prepared,
Putting and measure the salinity in seed bag and temperature before Seedling, water salinity to regulate to basically identical, put Seedling be typically chosen at noon and
In afternoon, night is the collection mid-term that shrimp Seedling takes off shell, forbids putting Seedling night, reduces the mechanical damage caused because putting Seedling, incites somebody to action when putting Seedling
Pond put into by seed bag so that it is bubble through the water column, and unties seed bag, slowly poured in culturing pool by seed, Xiang Chizhong after crossing 15min
Splash shrimp crack and black grain, in time for shrimp Seedling extra-nutrition；
(2) shrimp Seedling mark crude density
The standard crude pool breeding density of shrimp Seedling is unsuitable too high, otherwise can affect quality and the speed of growth, but also need to take into account economy
Benefit, is typically chosen the shrimp Seedling of 0.3～0.5cm, with 7～120,000 tails/m3Density is thrown in and is advisable, and extracts before throwing Seedling from oxygen bag
1～2 bag of seed counts, and correctly to hold stocking rate, this salinization mark slightly throws in seed 2,800,000 tails/pond, divides 3 batches, throws altogether
Put seed 52,000,000 tail；
Three, salinization mark extra heavy pipe reason
(1) bait feeding
Bait is energy metabolism basis and existence, the material base of growth of prawn, rationally carries out throwing something and feeding of science, is mark
The key point of thick success or failure, rationally throws something and feeds and both can reduce cost, is substantially reduced again the generation of disease, and bait requires that comprehensive nutrition is equal
Weighing apparatus, principle " a small amount of diligent feed ", often meal is intended to control well the time thrown something and fed and frequency, it is contemplated that aquaculture cost, selects more price
Cheap shrimp crack and big artemia etc., bait feeding amount need to according to the growth of shrimp Seedling, ingest, the situation such as excretion is adjusted, early stage
Day, feeding volume was the 15%～30% of shrimp body body weight, and shrimp crack increase by 5～10g every day, and wheel animalcule, artemia are the animality baits of high-quality
Material, food nutrition is worth high, and big artemia feeding volume is 3.5 times of shrimp crack, and wheel animalcule feeding volume is 3 times of shrimp crack, and day in mid-term throws
Feed amount for shrimp body body weight 10%～15%, day in later stage feeding volume be the 5%～10% of shrimp body body weight, throw something and feed every day 8 times, every 3h
Throwing something and feeding 1 time, shrimp crack and the big artemia of animal bait or wheel animalcule are thrown something and fed in turn, and the big artemia bought need to carry out strict sterilization, and use
Sea water is gently rubbed and is cleaned up, and puts into frost 7h in refrigerator, takes out to mince and throw something and feed before waiting to throw something and feed, and wheel animalcule takes the fresh and alive wheel animalcule spread cultivation and throws
Hello, perhaps carry out strict sterilization, in bait, periodically add at least one in Japanese car unit feedstuff or sea collection board B.P, immunity
At least one nutrition enhancer in polysaccharide, dried yeast tablets, multidimensional, strengthens seed body constitution, it is ensured that intestinal health, reduces disease and sends out
Raw；
(2) bait regulation and control
1h after throwing something and feeding, fetches water with beaker and observes light, the ingesting of prawn Seedling, move about, the situation such as excretion is conscientiously observed,
If water body is limpid, transparency is good and without residual bait, then explanation is just thrown something and fed, and the later stage can suitably feed；If there being a little residual bait, water has
Smoky sensation, poor transparency, has residual bait deposited bottom, then again need to observe after half an hour, if existing residual bait,
Then needing to reduce feeding volume in time, every day, prawn Seedling carried out simple count, accomplished the understanding of seed quantity and specification, coordinated every day
Situation, the change of water quality of ingesting adjusts bait feeding amount and kind in time；
(3) salinization processes
The salinization of Litopenaeus vannamei processes the principle following " incremental ", the salinity amplitude of accommodation of every day less than 8～
12, when salinity is more than 43, when salinity altercation amplitude is more than 8, need to carry out at twice, salinity regulation must control waterflood injection rate well,
Taking the method that shallow bid sluggish flow fills, as shown in table 1, water level position maintains 140cm, within after entering Seedling the 3rd day, opens in salinity regulation
Beginning, row changed water, 1h before draining, uses anti-stress medicine and immunostimulant, enriched nutritive, reduces emergency reaction, salinization mark
Slightly pay close attention to the change of water body physical and chemical factor, water temperature 29～32 DEG C, pH value maintenance 7.8～8.5, more than dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, ammonia nitrogen
It is maintained at below 0.2mg/L, below nitrite 0.1mg/L, lactic acid bacteria of periodically splashing, nitrobacteria, lactobacillus casei, photosynthetic
At least one useful viable bacteria in antibacterial or EM bacterium, regulates water ecological setting；
During table 1 is marked slightly, salinity regulates situation
The computing formula of note: at different temperatures, sea water specific gravity and salinity:
When water temperature is higher than 17 degree: S (‰) 1305 (proportion-1)+(t-17.5) * 0.3
When water temperature is less than 17 degree: S (‰) 1305 (proportion-1)-(17.5-t) * 0.2
Four, pond situation is gone out
By to the research of Litopenaeus vannamei son's shrimp thick technology of high salt mark and the most careful production operation, the thick operation of mark
Succeeding, obtain Litopenaeus vannamei resistance to high salt shrimp Seedling 34,300,000 tail altogether, emergence rate reaches more than 60%, tolerance salinity all 50 with
On, specification is 1.5～2cm, and obtained seed is all healthy and strong vivaciously, muscle enriches, intestinal is full, and whole body is bright and clean without attachment, externally
Carry out irritant reaction sensitive, have top water travelling and be stained with wallflow and be；Table 2 is salinization, marks situation about slightly emerging, and a shrimp Seedling part is used for
Company uses by oneself, and another part is sold to local breeding enterprise.
Table 2 salinization, mark are slightly emerged situation
Last it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；Although
Being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, it still may be used
So that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent；
And these amendment or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (1)
1. the method that Litopenaeus vannamei batch production shrimp Seedling salinization mark is thick, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the steps of
One, salinization mark is thick material and method
(1) preparation of standard crude pool: the indoor water mud sump that salinization mark slightly operates at cultivating workshop is carried out, culturing pool length-width ratio 1: 1, pond
, there is certain angle of inclination at the end, and is provided with PVC drain pipe, and discharge outlet side outline is low less than whole pond, and discharge outlet is total with workshop
Drainage ditch communicates, and utilizes it to collect shrimp Seedling, blowdown, and standard crude pool is equipped with perfect culvert system, air supply system and temperature-increasing system,
Culvert system is provided with independent seawater pipeline and fresh water pipeline, and air supply system includes that Roots blower, gas pipeline, gas transmission are soft
Pipe, aeration regulation valve, nanotube gas dish, be uniformly distributed nanotube aeration plate at the bottom of pond, it is ensured that water body dissolved oxygen content is more than 6mg/L；
(2) early stage of breeding water body processes
2a) standard crude pool sterilization: put first three sky of Seedling, the medicine of standard crude pool and breeding device strong oxidizing property is carried out at strict sterilization
Reason, selects at least one medicine in potassium permanganate, bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%), povidone iodine to carry out disinfection place
Reason, concrete operations: potassium permanganate 10mg/L～20mg/L or 100mg/L bleaching powder (effective chlorine 25%～32%) are watered full pond and sprinkle
Spill, scrub at the bottom of pond, pool wall, after sterilization terminates, repeatedly rinse well with fresh water；
2b) water filling and regulation: breeding water is nature seawater, disappears through filtration, the radiation of precipitation, foam separation, ultraviolet before using
Poison, aeration, sand filtration etc. process, and are driven in feed coefficient by the sea water handled well, defeated by between feed coefficient and cultivating workshop
Water is conveyed into workshop distribution reservoir by waterpipe, after distribution reservoir completes salinity and temperature regulation, by levitated pump by water distribution water
Squeezing into standard crude pool, add filter stick at standard crude pool water inlet, early stage adds seawater injection, salinity and former nursery pond salinity phase to standard crude pool
Closely, the thick initial salinity of mark is generally 27, and temperature is 30 DEG C, and pH is 7.8～8.5, opens inflation regulation valve, for water aeration, its
Effect has two aspects, on the one hand increases the dissolved oxygen content in water, on the other hand eliminates the chlorine residue in water by aeration, and chlorine residue is too high
Can regulate by using sodium thiosulfate (Aquatic product is used) water-sprinkling, consumption: by 1.5g/m3Weigh medicine, fully dissolve with water, dilute
Full pool spilling head after releasing 1000 times, uses vibrio content and total strain in vibrio detection culture medium and total bacterium detection culture medium detection water
Class and quantity, related drugs of selectively splashing according to testing result, use pH quickly to analyze box and detect, pH is too high to be made
Regulating with alkaline-reducing bacterium, pH is too low uses sodium bicarbonate regulation, if water body is really up to the mark, weighs ethylenediamine by 3～5mg/L in standard crude pool
Tetraacethyl disodium (EDTA-2Na) full pool spilling head, chelates heavy metal in water；
2c) bait prepares: bait artifical compound feed and the big class of animal bait two, and artifical compound feed selects Silver Lake board shrimp
At least one in sheet, sea collection board B.P or Japanese car unit feedstuff, animal bait selects fresh and alive big artemia, wheel animalcule, wheel animalcule germling
Can be spread cultivation acquisition by workshop；
Two, seed is thrown in
(1) seed selects and throws in: shrimp Seedling selective body surface drying is clean, travelling active strong, ingest good, gutstring is clear, specification is
P5, P6 phase, length 0.3～0.5cm son shrimp are individual, and seed enters 1h before pond, and full pool spilling head anti-stress removing toxic substances VC, for alleviating seed
Stress state is prepared, and measures the salinity in seed bag and temperature before putting Seedling, and water salinity to regulate to basically identical, puts Seedling one
As select at noon and afternoon, night is the collection mid-term that shrimp Seedling takes off shell, forbids putting Seedling night, reduces the machinery that causes because putting Seedling
Damage, puts into pond by seed bag when putting Seedling so that it is bubble through the water column, and unties seed bag, slowly poured into by seed foster after crossing 15min
Growing in pond, Xiang Chizhong splashes shrimp crack and black grain, in time for shrimp Seedling extra-nutrition；
(2) shrimp Seedling mark crude density: the standard crude pool breeding density of shrimp Seedling is unsuitable too high, otherwise can affect quality and the speed of growth, but
Also need to take into account economic benefit, select the shrimp Seedling of 0.3～0.5cm, with 7～120,000 tails/m3Density is thrown in and is advisable；
Three, salinization mark extra heavy pipe reason
(1) bait feeding: bait requires comprehensive nutrition equilibrium, principle " a small amount of diligent feed ", often meal is intended to control well the time thrown something and fed
And frequency, select cheap shrimp crack, wheel animalcule and big artemia, bait feeding amount need to according to the growth of shrimp Seedling, ingest and drain
Situation is adjusted, early stage day feeding volume be the 15%～30% of shrimp body body weight, shrimp crack increase by 5～10g every day, and big artemia is thrown something and fed
Amount is 3.5 times of shrimp crack, and wheel animalcule feeding volume is 3 times of shrimp crack, day in mid-term feeding volume be the 10%～15% of shrimp body body weight, the later stage
Day feeding volume is the 5%～10% of shrimp body body weight, throws something and feeds every day 8 times, and every 3h throws something and feeds 1 time, and shrimp crack and big artemia or wheel animalcule are in turn
Throw something and feed, the big artemia bought, need to carry out strict sterilization, and gently rub with sea water and clean up, put into frost 7h in refrigerator, wait to throw something and feed
Front taking-up is minced and is thrown something and fed, and wheel animalcule takes the fresh and alive wheel animalcule spread cultivation and throws something and feeds, strict sterilization to be carried out, and periodically adds Japan in bait
At least one of car unit feedstuff or sea collection board B.P, at least one nutrition enhancer in immune polysaccharide, dried yeast tablets or multidimensional；
(2) bait regulation and control: 1h after throwing something and feeding, fetch water with beaker and observe light, the ingesting of prawn Seedling, move about, the situation such as excretion is carried out
Conscientiously observe, if water body is limpid, transparency is good and without residual bait, then explanation is just thrown something and fed, and the later stage can suitably feed；If having the most residual
Bait, has a smoky sensation in water, poor transparency, have residual bait deposited bottom, then again need to observe after half an hour, if continuing
There is residual bait, then need to reduce feeding volume in time, every day, prawn Seedling carried out simple count, accomplished the understanding of seed quantity and specification,
The situation of ingesting of every day, change of water quality is coordinated to adjust bait feeding amount and kind in time；
(3) salinization processes: the salinization of Litopenaeus vannamei processes the principle following " incremental ", and the salinity amplitude of accommodation of every day is not
More than 8～12, when salinity is more than 43, when salinity altercation amplitude is more than 8, need to carry out at twice, salinity regulation must control note well
Water speed, takes the method that shallow bid sluggish flow fills, useful viable bacteria of periodically splashing, and regulates water ecological setting；
Four, pond situation is gone out
Emergence rate reaches 60%～80%, tolerance salinity all 50～60, specification 1.5～2cm, obtained seed is all healthy and strong vivaciously,
Muscle enriches, intestinal is full, and whole body is bright and clean without attachment, sensitive to external irritant reaction, has top water to move about and be stained with wallflow and is.
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| CN107027677A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-11 | 湛江市千舟渔水产有限公司 | A kind of Central-South penaeus vannamei mark seedling-growing method of eutrophication water quality |
| CN108184734A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-22 | 正丰源生物科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei high-efficiency breeding method |
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| CN108834970A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | The saline and alkaline water quality acclimation method of litopenaeus vannamei shrimp seedling |
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| CN110250061A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A kind of thick method of mark being suitble to high salinity mariculture prawn |
| CN111213603A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 天津市宝益得农业科技有限公司 | Ecological breeding method for Penaeus vannamei Boone in rough labeling stage |
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| CN106614186A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-10 | 中山大学 | Indoor small water body cultivating method for South American white shrimps at temporary cultivation stage for thickening |
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| CN108834970B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-11-09 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Saline-alkali water quality domestication method for shrimp seedlings of litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN111213603A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 天津市宝益得农业科技有限公司 | Ecological breeding method for Penaeus vannamei Boone in rough labeling stage |
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