CN109924345B - Sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109924345B CN109924345B CN201910295893.XA CN201910295893A CN109924345B CN 109924345 B CN109924345 B CN 109924345B CN 201910295893 A CN201910295893 A CN 201910295893A CN 109924345 B CN109924345 B CN 109924345B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof, and is characterized in that: the compound traditional Chinese medicine residue is taken as a main raw material, and a finished product is obtained after drying, crushing, sieving, stewing, curing, enzymolysis, fermentation and compounding. The beneficial results are that: the invention utilizes the modes of crushing, cooking, curing and enzymolysis to treat the traditional Chinese medicine residues and crack the fiber units of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, so that the residual active ingredients are fully released, and the digestibility is improved. And finally, beneficial bacteria are utilized for constant-temperature fermentation, so that the nutritional value of the product is further improved, and the product has the functions of preventing and treating diseases of Chinese herbal medicines, has the nutritional function of probiotic fermentation and also has rich enzyme activity. The product can obviously improve the food intake of the sea cucumber, enhance the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the organism, improve the survival rate, promote the growth and improve the economic benefit of the sea cucumber culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, the field of feed additives and the technical field of biological pharmacy, in particular to a sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the consumption level and health care consciousness of people, the demand of sea cucumbers is increasing day by day, the rapid development of a sea cucumber culture market is greatly promoted, the sea cucumber yield is rapidly increased and reaches more than 20 million tons per year, in order to pursue high yield and high return, the culture market frequently abuses antibiotic drugs, so that various problems of drug residue, drug resistance, offshore ecological sub-health and the like are caused, in order to improve the sea cucumber culture environment and the drug use environment, Chinese veterinary drug products are started to be applied to the sea cucumber culture, and the effects in the aspects of disease prevention, disease resistance and growth promotion are obvious.
In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine products in animal health care and disease prevention and treatment is attracting more and more attention, and numerous enterprises begin to be involved in the field of traditional Chinese veterinary medicines, so that the consumption of traditional Chinese medicine resources is continuously increased, and meanwhile, the emission of a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine residues causes heavy burden to the environment, thereby seriously restricting the sustainable development strategy of modern agriculture. According to relevant statistics, the discharge amount of Chinese traditional medicine residue is about 3000 million tons every year, and the discharge amount is increased year by year. According to research reports, the residue left after the extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine still contains nearly 30 percent of effective components and 80 percent of nutrient components, can be completely and deeply developed and converted into feed raw materials to be applied to the breeding industry, realizes the recycling of the traditional Chinese medicine resources, and promotes the healthy and sustainable development of modern agriculture.
At present, the technology for efficiently utilizing the traditional Chinese medicine residues is most applied in the livestock and poultry ruminant breeding industry, most of the technologies are directly fed or used as feed auxiliary materials for feeding after simple fermentation, the application additional value is low, high-value components in traditional Chinese medicine residue resources cannot be fully exploited, the patent mainly utilizes the singly extracted traditional Chinese medicine residues for compound treatment, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are processed into a sea cucumber feed premix by a biotechnology means.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues used in the patent are waste left after a multiple water extraction treatment process, most of water-soluble active substances are extracted through multiple water treatment, but a certain amount of water-soluble active ingredients and most of water-insoluble active ingredients still remain in the residues, and some active costs are wrapped in the residues by compact cellulose cells and are difficult to effectively dissolve out, so that the traditional Chinese medicine residues cannot play the main functions in the intestinal tracts of animals in the direct feeding process and further cause resource waste. Meanwhile, the residue also contains nutrient components such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude polysaccharide, inorganic elements, trace elements and the like, and has extremely high development value in the aspect of agricultural breeding and livestock raising feed.
The patent breaks through a plurality of bottlenecks of high-efficiency utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residues, adopts technical means such as physics, chemistry, biology and the like, thoroughly solves the problems that active substances in the traditional Chinese medicine residues are not fully utilized, the product nutrient substances are single, the fermentation period is long, the quality control is unstable and the like, and clinical tests prove that the patent product has a remarkable promoting effect on the aspects of improving the growth performance of the sea cucumber, enhancing the immunity of the organism and resisting the stress capability. At present, the product starts to be produced in a workshop on a large scale, is popularized and applied in a breeding market, has good market feedback, and is widely accepted by vast farmers. The traditional Chinese medicine residues of hundreds of tons are basically consumed in the year now, so that more social values are created for the company, and the environmental burden is reduced for the society.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art for preparing the feed by using the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts of astragalus residue, 10 to 50 parts of isatis root residue, 10 to 50 parts of honeysuckle residue, 10 to 50 parts of bupleurum residue, 10 to 50 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 10 to 50 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop residue, 10 to 50 parts of forsythia residue and 10 to 50 parts of andrographis paniculata residue.
2. The invention provides a sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following raw and auxiliary materials: 5 to 20 parts of wheat bran powder, 5 to 20 parts of flax cake powder, 5 to 20 parts of corn sugar residue powder, 5 to 10 parts of corn flour, 5 to 10 parts of seaweed powder, 5 to 10 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 5 to 10 parts of earthworm powder.
3. The invention utilizes physical technical means to dry, crush and screen the single traditional Chinese medicine residue by 80-200 meshes, so that the compact fiber structure in the traditional Chinese medicine residue is broken, the surface area of crushed particles is increased, more active groups are exposed, the full release of residual effective components is promoted, and the medicinal value of patent products is further improved.
4. The invention adds the cooking and curing process, deeply treats macromolecular components of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, denatures the macromolecular components and enhances the digestibility.
5. The invention adopts a compound enzymolysis technology, efficiently exerts the characteristics of various enzyme activities by temperature change treatment, cracks macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignan, protein, pectin and the like in traditional Chinese medicine residues (mainly rhizome plants), forms micromolecular substances (reducing sugar, oligosaccharide, amino acid, small peptide and the like) suitable for the metabolic demand of probiotics, enriches the nutrient components of the product and improves the nutritive value.
6. The method adopts the saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum composite probiotic anaerobic fermentation process, makes full use of the metabolism and secondary metabolism functions of probiotics, improves the proportion of the nutritional ingredients of the product, and enhances the use effect of the probiotics; meanwhile, rich flavor substances are generated, and the food calling performance of the product is improved.
7. The product of the invention has the compounding process proportion of 60 to 80 parts of fermentation product, 5 to 10 parts of seaweed powder, 5 to 10 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 5 to 10 parts of earthworm powder.
8. The product of the invention is specially used for holothurian culture, can realize the purpose of replacing resistance and reducing resistance, and recovers the healthy culture mode of the holothurian.
The invention provides a sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues, which is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
the holothurian feed premix prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine residues is prepared from astragalus residue, isatis root residue, honeysuckle residue, radix bupleuri residue, ligusticum wallichii residue, agastache rugosus residue, fructus forsythiae residue and andrographis paniculata residue which are taken as main raw materials, and a finished product is obtained by drying, crushing, sieving, stewing, curing, enzymolysis, fermentation and compounding.
The invention provides a method for preparing a sea cucumber feed premix by using traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following steps:
1. physical crushing treatment of traditional Chinese medicine residues: the method comprises the steps of respectively drying single traditional Chinese medicine residues, astragalus residue, isatis root residue, honeysuckle residue, radix bupleuri residue, ligusticum wallichii residue, agastache rugosus residue, fructus forsythiae residue and andrographis paniculata residue at the temperature of 70-120 ℃ to reduce the water content to below 8%, crushing by a superfine crusher, and sieving by a sieve of 80-200 meshes for later use.
2. And (3) steaming and curing treatment of traditional Chinese medicine residues: the method comprises the following steps of adding 30% of water into 10-50 parts of astragalus residue, 10-50 parts of isatis root residue, 10-50 parts of honeysuckle residue, 10-50 parts of radix bupleuri residue, 10-50 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 10-50 parts of agastache rugosus residue, 10-50 parts of fructus forsythiae residue and 10-50 parts of andrographis paniculata residue according to the proportion, uniformly mixing to moisten materials, pouring the materials into a cooking tank, introducing steam for cooking for 20-40 min, closing a steam valve, opening a compressed air valve, cooling to the cooking temperature of 60-80 ℃, introducing steam into a jacket, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours.
3. Enzymolysis treatment of traditional Chinese medicine residues: adding a proper amount of water into the cooked and cured traditional Chinese medicine residues to enable the humidity of the materials to be about 50%, adding acid cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and acid protease, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 40-60 ℃ for 3-6 h.
4. Preparing saccharomyces cerevisiae seed liquid:
(1) preparing seed liquid in a triangular flask: according to the following mass ratio, 3.0% of glucose, 1.0% of yeast extract powder and 1.5% of peptone are completely dissolved, sterilized for 20min at 121 ℃, cooled to room temperature, selected a small amount of lawn from a slant test tube of yeast according to the aseptic operation requirement, inoculated into a liquid triangular flask culture medium, kept at the constant temperature of 35 ℃ and cultured for 18h by shaking.
(2) Preparing a first-stage seed liquid and a second-stage seed liquid: the culture medium comprises, by mass, 1.0% of glucose, 8.0% of molasses, 1.0% of peptone, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate, 0.05% of calcium chloride, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate and 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and is prepared according to the given raw material adding proportion, after the culture medium is fully dissolved, steam is introduced to sterilize at 121 ℃ for 30min, the temperature is reduced to the required temperature, 10% of upper-level seed liquid is inoculated, the set temperature is 35 ℃, and the ventilation volume is 6m3The rotation speed is 200rpm, and the fermentation time is 18 h.
5. Preparation of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum seed liquid:
(1) preparing seed liquid in a triangular flask: according to the following mass ratio, 2.0% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast extract powder, 1.0% of beef extract, 0.2% of triammonium citrate, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.05% of cysteine, 800.1% of tween-tween and 6.0% of pH value are completely dissolved, sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20min, cooled to room temperature, according to the aseptic operation requirement, a small amount of bacterial lawn is selected from a slant test tube of lactic acid bacteria and inoculated into a liquid triangular flask culture medium, kept at the constant temperature of 37 ℃ and kept stand for 36 h.
(2) Preparing a first-stage seed liquid and a second-stage seed liquid: according to the following mass ratio, 2.0% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast extract powder, 1.0% of beef extract, 0.2% of triammonium citrate, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.05% of cysteine, 800.1% of tween-1 and 6.0 of pH value are completely dissolved, steam is introduced for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30min, the temperature is reduced to the required temperature, 10% of upper-level seed liquid is inoculated, the set temperature is 37 ℃, the rotation speed is 100rpm, and the fermentation time is 42 h.
6. The solid fermentation process of the beneficial bacteria comprises the following steps:
the solid-state fermentation process of the beneficial bacteria comprises the following raw material and auxiliary material proportions: 50-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue zymolyte, 5-20 parts of wheat bran powder, 5-20 parts of sesame cake powder, 5-20 parts of corn sugar residue powder, 5-10 parts of corn flour, about 50% of water content control, 5-15% of probiotic seed liquid inoculation amount and probiotic ratio: brewing yeast: lactobacillus plantarum: 1-3 of lactobacillus fermentum: 1-2: 1-2, uniformly mixing, transferring into a closed container, compacting, sealing, keeping the temperature at 25-35 ℃, and fermenting for 5-10 days.
7. Compound technology
And (3) compounding and mixing 60-80 parts of the fermented material obtained in the step (6) with 5-10 parts of seaweed powder, 5-10 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 5-10 parts of earthworm powder to obtain a finished product.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but is not intended to be limited, by the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preparing a sea cucumber feed premix by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
1. the invention utilizes the traditional Chinese medicine residue mixture ratio as follows: 50 parts of astragalus residue, 50 parts of isatis root residue, 20 parts of honeysuckle residue, 20 parts of radix bupleuri residue, 10 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 10 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop residue, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae residue and 10 parts of andrographis paniculata residue, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues are dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
2. Adding water 30% into the mixed residue, mixing to moisten the material, pouring into a steaming and boiling tank, steaming, keeping the temperature and aging, and keeping the temperature for later use.
3. Adding appropriate amount of water into cooked material to make the water content of the material about 50%, adding acidic cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and acidic protease, mixing, keeping at constant temperature of 40 deg.C for 6 hr.
4. And (3) mixing the materials subjected to enzymolysis according to the raw material and auxiliary material ratio: 80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue zymolyte, 5 parts of wheat bran powder, 5 parts of sesame cake powder, 5 parts of corn sugar residue powder, 5 parts of corn flour, about 50% of water content control, 15% of inoculation amount of probiotic seed liquid and probiotic ratio: brewing yeast: lactobacillus plantarum: lactobacillus fermentum ═ 1: 1: 1, uniformly mixing, transferring into a closed container, compacting, sealing, keeping the temperature at 35 ℃, and fermenting for 5 days.
5. And (3) compounding and mixing 80 parts of fermented materials with 10 parts of seaweed powder, 5 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 5 parts of earthworm powder to obtain a finished product.
Example 2
A method for preparing a sea cucumber feed premix by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
1. the invention utilizes the traditional Chinese medicine residue mixture ratio as follows: 50 parts of astragalus residue, 20 parts of isatis root residue, 50 parts of honeysuckle residue, 50 parts of radix bupleuri residue, 10 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 10 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop residue, 20 parts of fructus forsythiae residue and 10 parts of andrographis paniculata residue, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues are dried, crushed and sieved by a 150-mesh sieve for later use.
2. Adding water 30% into the mixed residue, mixing to moisten the material, pouring into a steaming and boiling tank, steaming, keeping the temperature and aging, and keeping the temperature for later use.
3. Adding appropriate amount of water into cooked material to make the water content of the material about 50%, adding acidic cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and acidic protease, mixing, keeping at 50 deg.C for 5 hr.
4. And (3) mixing the materials subjected to enzymolysis according to the raw material and auxiliary material ratio: 70 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue zymolyte, 10 parts of wheat bran powder, 10 parts of flaxseed cake powder, 5 parts of corn sugar residue powder and 5 parts of corn flour, wherein the water content is controlled to be about 50%, the inoculation amount of probiotic seed liquid is 15%, and the probiotic ratio is as follows: brewing yeast: lactobacillus plantarum: lactobacillus fermentum ═ 2: 2: 1, uniformly mixing, transferring into a closed container, compacting, sealing, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, and fermenting for 7 days.
5. And (3) compounding and mixing 70 parts of the fermented material with 10 parts of seaweed powder, 10 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 10 parts of earthworm powder to obtain a finished product.
Example 3
A method for preparing a sea cucumber feed premix by using traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
1. the invention utilizes the traditional Chinese medicine residue mixture ratio as follows: 50 parts of astragalus residue, 10 parts of isatis root residue, 10 parts of honeysuckle residue, 40 parts of radix bupleuri residue, 20 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 20 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop residue, 20 parts of fructus forsythiae residue and 20 parts of andrographis paniculata residue, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues are dried, crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve for later use.
2. Adding water 30% into the mixed residue, mixing to moisten the material, pouring into a steaming and boiling tank, steaming, keeping the temperature and aging, and keeping the temperature for later use.
3. Adding appropriate amount of water into cooked material to make the water content of the material about 50%, adding acidic cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and acidic protease, mixing, maintaining at 60 deg.C for 4 hr.
4. And (3) mixing the materials subjected to enzymolysis according to the raw material and auxiliary material ratio: 60 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue zymolyte, 10 parts of wheat bran powder, 20 parts of flaxseed cake powder, 5 parts of corn sugar residue powder and 5 parts of corn flour, wherein the water content is controlled to be about 50%, the inoculation amount of probiotic seed liquid is 15%, and the probiotic ratio is as follows: brewing yeast: lactobacillus plantarum: lactobacillus fermentum ═ 1: 2: 2, after being mixed evenly, the mixture is moved into a closed container, compacted, sealed and kept at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, and fermented for 10 days.
5. And (3) compounding and mixing 60 parts of fermented materials with 15 parts of seaweed powder, 15 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 10 parts of earthworm powder to obtain a finished product.
Examples 1-3 the process for cooking and curing the traditional Chinese medicine residues all adopts: and introducing steam for cooking for 20-40 min, closing a steam valve, opening a compressed air valve, cooling to the curing temperature of 60-80 ℃, introducing steam into a jacket, and preserving heat for 2-4 h.
The preparation of the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed liquid adopts the following steps:
preparing seed liquid in a triangular flask: according to the following mass ratio, 3.0% of glucose, 1.0% of yeast extract powder and 1.5% of peptone are completely dissolved, sterilized for 20min at 121 ℃, cooled to room temperature, selected a small amount of lawn from a slant test tube of yeast according to the aseptic operation requirement, inoculated into a liquid triangular flask culture medium, kept at the constant temperature of 35 ℃ and cultured for 18h by shaking.
Preparing a first-stage seed liquid and a second-stage seed liquid: the culture medium comprises, by mass, 1.0% of glucose, 8.0% of molasses, 1.0% of peptone, 0.1% of ammonium sulfate, 0.05% of calcium chloride, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate and 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and is prepared according to the given raw material adding proportion, after the culture medium is fully dissolved, steam is introduced to sterilize at 121 ℃ for 30min, the temperature is reduced to the required temperature, 10% of upper-level seed liquid is inoculated, the set temperature is 35 ℃, and the ventilation volume is 6m3The rotation speed is 200rpm, and the fermentation time is 18 h.
The preparation of the lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum seed liquid adopts the following steps:
preparing seed liquid in a triangular flask: according to the following mass ratio, 2.0% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast extract powder, 1.0% of beef extract, 0.2% of triammonium citrate, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.05% of cysteine, 800.1% of tween-tween and 6.0% of pH value are completely dissolved, sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20min, cooled to room temperature, according to the aseptic operation requirement, a small amount of bacterial lawn is selected from a slant test tube of lactic acid bacteria and inoculated into a liquid triangular flask culture medium, kept at the constant temperature of 37 ℃ and kept stand for 36 h.
Preparing a first-stage seed liquid and a second-stage seed liquid: according to the following mass ratio, 2.0% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast extract powder, 1.0% of beef extract, 0.2% of triammonium citrate, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of manganese sulfate, 0.05% of cysteine, 800.1% of tween-1 and 6.0 of pH value are completely dissolved, steam is introduced for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30min, the temperature is reduced to the required temperature, 10% of upper-level seed liquid is inoculated, the set temperature is 37 ℃, the rotation speed is 100rpm, and the fermentation time is 42 h.
1. The research on the application effect of the product in the aquaculture of sea cucumbers of aquatic animals comprises the following steps:
1.1 test design and test feed
The product of the invention is added to the basic ration in the test, and is provided by Beijing Sheng Taier science and technology Co. Blank control group: basal ration; positive control group: basal diet + Haiyi polypeptide; test control group: the basic ration plus the product of the invention, the nutrition level and the experimental design of the basic ration are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 feed Components and Nutrition level Table
TABLE 2 clinical trial design Table
1.2 test animals and rearing
The tested sea cucumber is from a certain sea cucumber breeding center in Wafang City of Liaoning province. Temporarily culturing in an indoor culture tank for 1 week, and feeding with basic daily ration. Stopping feeding 24 hours before the test is started, selecting the feed with uniform specification and average weight of about 0.2g, placing 20 heads in each culture tank, setting 3 parallels in each group, continuing the growth test for 42d, and 14 hours in the afternoon of each day: 00 feeding feed, 10 a.m. the next day: 00, clearing residual bait excrement, changing water 1/3, and feeding 8 percent of the weight of the sea cucumber.
1.3 detection index
The weight gain rate is (average weight per final test-average weight per initial test)/average weight per initial test × 100%
Survival rate is the number of survivals/total number multiplied by 100 percent
LSZ lysozyme, SOD superoxide dismutase and POD peroxidase,
ammonia nitrogen, sub-salt and pH value in the water body.
1.4 test results and statistical analysis
1.4.1 Effect of the product on the growth Performance of Stichopus japonicus
The experiment is carried out according to the set experiment flow and the observation indexes of the clinical experiment, and the specific experiment result is shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of the products on the growth behavior of Stichopus japonicus (mean. + -. standard error) (% wet weight)
As can be seen from Table 3, after 10-20% of the example products are added in the holothurian culture process, the growth index and the survival rate are obviously improved, wherein the experimental results of the experimental groups 4, 5 and 6 are better than those of other example groups, and meanwhile, the survival rate is more than 84%. The patent product has certain promotion effects on improving the growth performance of the sea cucumbers and reducing the death rate, and especially has the best effect when the addition amount is 20%, so that the addition of 20% of the patent product is determined as the best addition amount in the sea cucumber cultivation process.
1.4.2 Effect of product on sea cucumber antioxidant index test result
The experiment detects the anti-oxidation indexes of the sea cucumber fed with the patented product, mainly detects AKP alkaline phosphatase, SOD superoxide dismutase and POD peroxidase, and the specific detection result is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Stichopus japonicus antioxidant index test results
As can be seen from the results in table 4, after the examples 1 to 6 and the positive control product are added to the sea cucumber feed, each immune index shows a relatively obvious improvement trend, and compared with the blank control group, each example group plays a positive role in enhancing the oxidation resistance of the organism, and particularly, the AKP and SOP indexes show a significant difference (P < 0.05); in general, the addition of the patented product in the feed is helpful to strengthen the antioxidant function, enhance the immunity of the organism and reduce the outbreak rate of diseases.
1.4.3 Effect of product on Water quality index test results
Taking water samples before changing water on 14 th, 28 th and 42 th days respectively, measuring the pH value of the water body, the ammonia nitrogen concentration and the nitrite concentration, and analyzing the influence of the preparation on the water quality of the ginseng seedling water body. The collection and analysis methods of the samples refer to GB 17378-2007.
TABLE 5 detection result of product on water quality index
The influence of the product on the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body is shown in Table 5. The results show that the patent product and the positive control product have little influence on the pH value of the water body, and the water body still maintains a partial alkali level, thereby meeting the water body requirement of the sea cucumber culture. And in the aspect of improving the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite levels of the water body, the improvement effect is obvious, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations of the water bodies of all treatment groups are lower than those of the control, and the nitrite effect is more obvious. Therefore, the product of the patent has obvious removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water body after long-term continuous use.
It should be understood that modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein and that such modifications and changes are to be included within the purview of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A sea cucumber feed premix prepared by utilizing traditional Chinese medicine residues is characterized in that astragalus residue, isatis root residue, honeysuckle residue, radix bupleuri residue, ligusticum wallichii residue, agastache rugosus residue, fructus forsythiae residue and andrographis paniculata residue are used as main raw materials, and a finished product is obtained by drying, crushing, sieving, stewing, curing, enzymolysis, fermentation and compounding, wherein enzyme preparations are acid cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and acid protease, wherein 10 to 50 parts of astragalus residue, 10 to 50 parts of isatis root residue, 10 to 50 parts of honeysuckle residue, 10 to 50 parts of bupleurum residue, 10 to 50 parts of ligusticum wallichii residue, 10 to 50 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop residue, 10 to 50 parts of forsythia suspense residue and 10 to 50 parts of common andrographis herb residue, the fermentation adopts saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum composite probiotic anaerobic fermentation process, and the composite probiotic inoculation proportion of the fermentation process is saccharomyces cerevisiae: lactobacillus plantarum: 1-3 of lactobacillus fermentum: 1-2: 1-2, the inoculation amount is 5-15%, the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5-10 days.
2. The sea cucumber feed premix according to claim 1, wherein the residue of the traditional Chinese medicine is a water extraction residue.
3. The preparation method of the sea cucumber feed premix according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that astragalus residue, isatis root residue, honeysuckle residue, bupleurum root residue, ligusticum wallichii residue, agastache rugosus residue, forsythia suspensa residue and andrographis paniculata residue are used as main raw materials, and a finished product is obtained after drying, crushing, sieving, cooking, curing, enzymolysis, fermentation and compounding.
4. The preparation method of the sea cucumber feed premix according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the cooking temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the time is 20-40 min; curing temperature is 60-80 ℃, and curing time is 2-4 h.
5. The preparation method of the sea cucumber feed premix according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the fermentation process comprises the following raw material and auxiliary material proportions of 50-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue zymolyte, 5-20 parts of wheat bran powder, 5-20 parts of flaxseed cake powder, 5-20 parts of corn sugar residue powder and 5-10 parts of corn flour.
6. The preparation method of the sea cucumber feed premix according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the compounding process proportion is that 60 to 80 parts of fermentation product, 5 to 10 parts of seaweed powder, 5 to 10 parts of sleeve-fish powder and 5 to 10 parts of earthworm powder.
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| CN201910295893.XA CN109924345B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201910295893.XA CN109924345B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Sea cucumber feed premix prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109924345A CN109924345A (en) | 2019-06-25 |
| CN109924345B true CN109924345B (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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