CN109924117A - A kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility gets up the hollow rotary body air bearing of bottom opening and rotating operation it is characterized in that: with closing positive air pressure inside it；At the top of hollow rotary body, plant gas atomising cultivation hanger is hung with hoist cable or sunpender, plant, which is layered, to be placed on hanger and runs with hollow rotary body, so that plant root whisker be made successively to move through one or more fixed spray positions and by even spraying；With continuous uniform, small area, small flow spray art, replace that traditional interval is uneven, large area, big flow spray art；To make investment, energy consumption, pollution, production cost and the management difficulty of plant aerial fog cultivation all be greatly reduced；Greatly improve its production efficiency, the degree of automation and product quality.

Description

A kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility

Technical field

Plant culture facility, especially aerial fog cultivation facility.

Background technique

Aerial fog cultivation is a kind of novel planting type, and it by nutrient liquid atomizing is small droplet shape that it, which is using spraying device, Root system of plant is directly injected to a kind of cultivation technique without soil of moisture and nutrient needed for providing plant growth.

Crop is suspended in a closed culture apparatus (slot, case or bed), and root system is exposed inside culture apparatus, battalion Nutrient solution is ejected into root system surface after being atomized by spraying device, reduce cultivated plant nitrate content.

It can make crop yield be doubled and redoubled, it is a high-new skill of agricultural for carrying out cultivated plant without soil or matrix Art, because, instead of soil environment, can effectively solve to be difficult to solve in conventional soil cultivation with artificial creation's crop root environment Moisture, air, nutrient supply contradiction, be in crop root under optimum environmental condition, to play the increasing of crop Long potentiality make plant growth amount, biomass be greatly enhanced.

Aerial fog cultivation adds the gourd, fruit and vegetable growth and development dynamics cultivated in agricultural production in addition to accelerating plant growth rate Fastly, time shortening biomass greatly improves outer, and there are also following many advantages.

It 1, is a kind of most water-saving cultivation technique, water is external factor mostly important in plant growth correlation factor, one Physiological activity all Lai Yushui are cut, so the management of water becomes an important agrotechnical measure in agricultural production.When such as applying fertilizer Need to be rushed with water and convert, when irrigation need with water pour it is unrestrained irrigate or spray, and to accomplish it is scientific and reasonable use water, and advocate The water-saving agriculture for leading resource-conserving, forms the water-saving agricultural technology measure of such as trickle irrigation, but regardless of irrigation method, In soil cultivation, all there is following meaningless water consumption wasting phenomenon, as the leakage of soil moisture and surface are rising, or even also There is the runoff loss on ground, this is for the area that water resource lacks, and most economized has not been reached yet in these irrigation methods, most Efficient producing level.And aerial fog cultivation can make the utilization rate of water reach the almost level close to 100%, because aerosol is planted In training, water is the root system that plant is supplied in spraying mode, and the moisture content through being atomized afflux is back to nutrition through liquid back pipe again Liquid pool is recycled, planting opposing seal and have certain volume container or space in, be full of in the space Rhizosphere environment, without the loss of any moisture evaporation, all moisture content is all the absorption by root system, thereafter more through leaf transpiration It is dissipated in atmospheric environment, that is, all atomized waters have all participated in water balance, various metabolic activities is participated in by root system absorption, Remaining spreads back in atmosphere via leaf transpiration effect, the physiology circulation of moisture content is formd, without other any non-physiology Loss, thus aerial fog cultivation is compared with conventional soil cultivation, and water-saving rate is up to 98%.It is a kind of most water-saving advanced cultivation mould Formula can be used for water shortage area short of rain and the water resource desert that there is a serious shortage in the supply, can be certainly also used to fresh water military island in short supply It produces and uses on small island.

It 2, is also that one kind most saves fertile planting technology, fertilizer is the basis that plant growth forms biomass, need of the plant to fertilizer It mainly to carry out absorbing in a manner of mineral ions element and participate in metabolic activity, plant is with ion exchange side to the absorption of fertilizer Formula carries out, and is occurred under the promotion of respiratory drive, so to fertile absorption in addition to the ion concentration of rhizosphere environment is related Outside, it is also closely connected with the metabolism of the oxygen of rhizosphere, when rhizosphere environmental hypoxia, even if root system is placed in the environment of rich water abundance, It normally can not quickly absorb, and the root system of aerial fog cultivation plant is fixed in a manner of hanging in the sky, and has most sufficient oxygen Compression ring border, so it is high to the absorption efficiency of mineral ions fertilizer, that is, utilization rate is high, finds in pilot production, Many plants are exactly that plant can be made well to grow using the waste liquid of soilless cultivation, are such as planted using the aerosol that waste liquid carries out semen viciae fabae The function that training test just sufficiently demonstrates aeroponics and root system selection can be made to absorb has obtained maximized performance.This is water planting and soil Earth cultivation cannot ratio.Other than the absorption rate of ion is higher, it is the same also like recycling for water, without such as soil Rich water leakage under planting environment, soil fixing, it is a kind of circulation that microorganism decomposition, which utilizes, or the evaporating loss of ammonia occurs The high cultivation technique of absorption rate has all participated in the life of plant other than selection absorbs remaining part mineral ions Reason metabolism, thus aerosol training saves fertile rate up to 95% or more compared with soil cultivation.

3, pesticide needed for Pesticidal and sterilizing can accomplish that minimized or realization exempt from pesticide cultivation.Aerial fog cultivation uses The cystosepiment implant system of gas bucket, aerosol slot or pyramid, far from soil, create one it is clean without native environment, And be the organic nutrition that the inorganic environment of not organic matter, germ and bacterium or insect do not breed and the space concealed, The probability that disease pest occurs greatly reduces.It is such as field planting plate pyramid aerosol implant system with extruded sheet, clean environment is without dirt Dirt, cleaning and sterilizing is convenient and becomes clear, well-ventilated between plant and few extruding, disease pest are difficult to breed and multiply, if in conjunction with big The fly net of canopy periphery completely cuts off technology, can substantially accomplish to exempt from pesticide producing, cultivates the safe melon and fruit for really exempting from pesticide With vegetables, even if there is a small amount of disease, if in conjunction with the Electricity Functional Water Prevention Technique of physics, will not be to environment and vegetables Any chemical residual is generated, thus for aerial fog cultivation compared with soil cultivation, Pesticide use rate can reduce 99%-100%, be The state-of-the-art technology of production safety vegetable food on our times.

4, the rate of growth of aerial fog cultivation is that other any technical measures can not be compared, the yield-increasing technology measure of agricultural production Very much, such as rational application of fertilizers, scientific water management, the control of reasonable pruning or the utilization of hormone and environment, but regardless of Which kind of technology, the yield potential that it is played all are that phase shape is shown in the wrong compared with aerosol is trained, and general melon and fruit class single plant yield potential can It improves several times or even some reaches decades of times, and leaf vegetables also can at least make yield increase 45%-75% or more.This volume increase is latent The producing cause of power, mainly rhizosphere environment optimization and root physiology and morphology evolution as a result, in aerosol environment, root system is big Mostly be absorb rich water ultrahigh in efficiency adventitious root root system, root and be Gen Maofada aerial root based on, in the air of oxygen abundance In, its infiltration rate is able to maximize and play, and several times even several times in soil cultivation or water planting.After growth is accelerated, also It can make reduction in the life period, if culturing vegetable can make the stubble number of production be increased, along with three-dimensional tower kind again It plants, comprehensive yield increase rate is up to 5-10 times or more, that is, one mu of aerosol trains vegetables, and annual output is equivalent to soil cultivation 5-10 mu.Not only save soil in this way, but achieved the purpose that it is intensive efficiently manage, be in current high-yield culture technique at first Into mode.

5, the environment planted is without limitations, if there is the place of illumination to can be carried out aerial fog cultivation with electricity and water, and Solid growth can maximumlly be implemented.After leaving soil plantation or the hydroponics of water circulation, the problem of for soil soil property Just do not exist, either on the spacious cement flooring in cities and towns, again without the desert Environment of soil, or uncomfortable growth On salt-soda soil, cultivation of plants can be carried out, so that the space of plant growth and environment is maximized and expand, in addition, with gas After mist mode is for rich water, stereo planting can be carried out, space utilization rate is greatly improved, the soil cultivation or water of script Training will also change a large amount of material resources of expense and manpower is three-dimensional to construct even if solid cultivation can be realized by three-dimensional seedbed Seedbed system will also solve the problems, such as the load-bearing of system.And aerosol mode, be only flooded at all in cultivation system do not have it is ponderable The D structure of aerosol, system can be constructed leggiero, either using pipe method or seedbed and tower mode, be all not necessarily to Consider load-bearing problem.Solid cultivation system can be indiscriminately ad. as one wishes built, space is allowed maximumlly to be utilized.Current vegetables are planted In training, the continuous cropping problem often met also makes the development for limiting vegetables industry, and aerial fog cultivation is never as soil cultivation, because Accumulate a large amount of soil-borne disease bacterium after more batches of cultivations, and lead to the harm of soil-borne disease, many vegetable melon and fruits must carry out crop rotation or Person cultivates with changing, and otherwise just will affect yield and quality, and aerial fog cultivation system, can avoid to essence the generation of the problem.

6, environment is purifying, does not have dirt caused by any soil or other pollutions, can accomplish factory's formula completely Cleaner production.After leaving soil environment, careless grows, and worm is hidden, and the growth environment of bacterium is thoroughly eradicated, and does not have at all Appoint can pollution sources and pollutant generation, be a kind of advanced mode the cleanest in the future of agriculture production, produced using it The gourd, fruit and vegetable come is the first-class high-grade clean safety food without pesticide, it will become human health guarantee and ecological ring The state-of-the-art technology of border maintenance.

Although aerial fog cultivation has such big advantage, due to current aeroponic method and facility, it is necessary to point Scattered large area plant root whisker carries out several minutes of primary intermittent Macroscale homogenous and is sprayed, each spray amount and spray area Very greatly, uniformity is poor and energy consumption is very high；It is sowed, picks, the degree of automation of management is very low, builds the throwing of aerial fog cultivation facility Money is very high, is but difficult to large-scale production, therefore the production cost is very high, economic benefit is very low, is only suitable for extremely small-scale life It produces, can not popularize.In addition, cyclic polluting is easily caused, thus further since its nutrient solution needs a large amount of recycling and reusings Improve management difficulty and production cost.

In addition, my patent " the implementation facility of low-coat scale plant aerosol new method for cultivating ", application number: 2018203622429 disclose a kind of plant gas atomising cultivation method and facility.Its method characteristic is: by the aerosol of fixed plant Cultivation plate sequence arrange, and be arranged in loop cycle operation conveying equipment on, make plant root whisker successively move through one or Multiple spray positions and by even spraying；With continuous uniform, small area, small flow spray art, replace current interval uneven Even, large area, big flow spray art；To keep investment, energy consumption, pollution, production cost and the management of plant aerial fog cultivation difficult Degree is all greatly reduced；Greatly improve its production efficiency, the degree of automation and product quality.Its facility is characterized in: fixed plant Aerial fog cultivation plate sequence arrange, and be arranged on the conveying equipment of loop cycle operation, the conveying of this loop cycle operation Equipment is laid on end to end and closure plane annular track or three-dimensional circular helical orbit；It is this end to end and close The plane annular track or three-dimensional circular helical orbit of conjunction are found tie rod or drag-line and successively hang the spoke for being fixed on its top upper end On item wheel, the top of vertical tie rod or drag-line is fixed tension on spoke wheel, and it is pre- on ground that bottom is fixed tension On embedded part；Spoke wheel is fixed on its axial centre support post by batter brace or drag-line hanging；In the outermost of total, It is covered with light transmission closing greenhouse；It is by tensing the outermost layer batter brace between central supported column, spoke wheel and ground built-in fitting Or drag-line and outermost layer found tie rod or drag-line, and the transparent material being fixed thereon is constituted.

But above-mentioned facility is disadvantageous in that: structure is complicated, investment is big, long in time limit, operation and management cost are higher.

Summary of the invention

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facilities, it is characterized in that: with closing Positive air pressure inside it gets up the hollow rotary body air bearing of bottom opening and rotating operation；At the top of hollow rotary body, It is hung with plant gas atomising cultivation hanger with hoist cable or sunpender, plant, which is layered, to be placed on hanger and with hollow rotary body Operation, so that plant root whisker be made successively to move through one or more fixed spray positions and by even spraying；With it is continuous Even, small area, small flow spray art, replace that traditional interval is uneven, large area, big flow spray art；To make to plant Investment, energy consumption, pollution, production cost and the management difficulty of object aerial fog cultivation are all greatly reduced；Make its production efficiency, automation journey Degree and product quality greatly improve.

The hollow rotary body of above-mentioned bottom opening is made by translucent material (such as awning film)；The bottom end that it is open is along week It is tightly connected with the upper port of the band-like annulus of rigidity；And the lower port of the band-like annulus of rigidity, then with the annulus that fixes on the ground Between the inner wall of connected in star, connected using traditional rotary dynamic seal method.

In order to improve the hanging bearing capacity of hollow rotary body, when above-mentioned translucent material is flexible material, by above-mentioned rope Rope or sunpender are hung respectively on each rigid plate-like component (such as light transmission plastic plate)；And rigid plate-like component is then sealed and is fixed on On flexible greenhouse film at the top of hollow rotary body.

In order to make hollow rotary body from external environment influence and keep the temperature, one layer of bottom opening can be set with again on the outside Outer layer protection shell；Filled with heat preservation gas in Sealed sandwich between outer layer protective shell body and hollow rotary body, air pressure is low In hollow rotary body air pressure inside, but it is higher than external ambient air pressure, so as to support outer layer protection shell with air pressure.

Light transmission rigid material (such as light transmission plastic plate) or flexible material (such as awning film) can be used in above-mentioned outer layer protection shell Production, bottom fix or are embedded in underground on the ground along careful envelope.

To prevent strong wind from damaging to outer layer protective shell body, it is equipped with stay guy on its periphery, drag-line lower end is fixed on On the ground, upper end is fixed on hollow protection surface of shell.

Inside above-mentioned hollow rotary body between external environment, communicated by underpass；And it is equipped with tradition in the channel Multiple wing middle shaft rotation hermatic door, so as to personnel's cargo pass in and out and take a breath；It is inside hollow rotary body by blower or air accumulator Air pressure and ventilation are supplemented, to maintain the air pressure holding state of hollow rotary body and outer layer protection shell.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: this automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility structure is simple, and weight is extremely light, and builds

Make at low cost, construction period is short.It is extremely important for the promotion and implementation of plant aerial fog cultivation.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is three-dimensional section structure schematic diagram of the invention.

1. ground in figure, 1a. toroidal cavity, the 2. band-like annulus of rigidity, 3. hollow rotary bodies or are hung 4. hoist cables Bar, 5. hangers, 6. outer layer protection shells, 7. Sealed sandwiches, 8. stay guys.

Specific embodiment

In Fig. 1, with the positive air pressure of closing inside it, 3 air bearing of hollow rotary body of bottom opening is got up and rotates fortune Row；At the top of hollow rotary body 3, it is hung with plant gas atomising cultivation hanger 5 with hoist cable or sunpender 4, plant is placed by layering It is run on hanger 5 and with hollow rotary body 3, so that plant root whisker be made successively to move through one or more fixed sprays Mist position and by even spraying；With continuous uniform, small area, small flow spray art, replace that traditional interval is uneven, big face Product, big flow spray art；To make investment, energy consumption, pollution, production cost and the management difficulty of plant aerial fog cultivation all substantially It reduces；Greatly improve its production efficiency, the degree of automation and product quality.

The hollow rotary body 3 of above-mentioned bottom opening is made by translucent material (such as awning film)；Its bottom end edge being open All upper ports with the band-like annulus 2 of rigidity are tightly connected；And the lower port of the band-like annulus 2 of rigidity, then be fixed on ground 1 Between the inner wall of toroidal cavity 1a, connected using traditional rotary dynamic seal mechanism (being not drawn into figure) sealing.

In order to improve the hanging bearing capacity of hollow rotary body 3, when above-mentioned translucent material is flexible material, by above-mentioned rope Rope or sunpender 4 are hung respectively on each rigid plate-like component (being not drawn into figure)；And rigid plate-like component is then sealed and is fixed on On the flexible greenhouse film at hollow 3 top of rotary body.

In order to make hollow rotary body 3 from external environment influence and keep the temperature, one layer of bottom opening can be set with again on the outside Outer layer protection shell 6；In Sealed sandwich 7 between outer layer protective shell body 5 and hollow rotary body 3 filled with heat preservation gas, Air pressure is lower than the air pressure inside of hollow rotary body 3, but is higher than external ambient air pressure, so as to which outer layer protection shell 6 is used air pressure It supports.

Light transmission rigid material (such as light transmission plastic plate) or flexible material (such as awning film) can be used in above-mentioned outer layer protection shell 6 Production, bottom is scheduled on ground 1 or is embedded in underground along careful sealing.

To prevent strong wind from damaging to outer layer protective shell body 6, it is equipped with stay guy 8 on its periphery, drag-line lower end is fixed On the ground, upper end is fixed on the surface of outer layer protection shell 6.

Above-mentioned 3 inside of hollow rotary body is communicated between external environment by underpass (being not drawn into figure)；And logical Traditional multiple wing middle shaft rotation hermatic door (being not drawn into figure) is equipped in road, so that personnel's cargo passes in and out and takes a breath；Pass through blower Or air accumulator (being not drawn into figure) is that the inside of hollow rotary body 3 supplements air pressure and ventilation, to maintain hollow rotary body 3 and outer The air pressure holding state of layer protection shell 6.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility, it is characterized in that: the positive air pressure with closing inside it, by bottom opening Hollow rotary body air bearing is got up and rotating operation；At the top of hollow rotary body, plant aerosolization is hung with hoist cable or sunpender Hanger is cultivated, plant, which is layered, to be placed on hanger and run with hollow rotary body, so that plant root whisker be made successively to move By the fixed spray position of one or more and by even spraying；With continuous uniform, small area, small flow spray art, take Uneven, large area, big flow spray art for traditional interval；To make the investment of plant aerial fog cultivation, energy consumption, pollution, Production cost and management difficulty are all greatly reduced；Greatly improve its production efficiency, the degree of automation and product quality.

2. a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sky of above-mentioned bottom opening Heart rotary body is made by translucent material；Its bottom end being open is tightly connected along all upper ports with the band-like annulus of rigidity；And The lower port of the band-like annulus of rigidity is moved close then between the inner wall of the toroidal cavity fixed on the ground using tradition rotation Encapsulation method connects.

3. a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned hollow rotary body Outer sheath is equipped with the outer layer protection shell of one layer of bottom opening；Sealed sandwich between outer layer protective shell body and hollow rotary body In filled with heat preservation gas, air pressure be lower than hollow rotary body air pressure inside, but be higher than external ambient air pressure, thus by outer layer protection Shell is supported with air pressure.

4. a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned outer layer protection shell Body periphery is equipped with stay guy, and drag-line lower end is fixed on the ground, and upper end is fixed on hollow protection surface of shell.

5. a kind of automation plant aerial fog cultivation facility according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned hollow a rotating body It is communicated between portion and external environment by underpass；And it is equipped with traditional multiple wing middle shaft rotation hermatic door in the channel, so as to The disengaging of personnel's cargo and ventilation；It is supplement air pressure and ventilation inside hollow rotary body by blower or air accumulator, to remain empty The air pressure holding state of heart rotary body and outer layer protection shell.