CN109906703A - A kind of method of urase and phosphatase content in raising farmland - Google Patents

A kind of method of urase and phosphatase content in raising farmland Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109906703A
CN109906703A CN201910117391.8A CN201910117391A CN109906703A CN 109906703 A CN109906703 A CN 109906703A CN 201910117391 A CN201910117391 A CN 201910117391A CN 109906703 A CN109906703 A CN 109906703A
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potato
content
waste water
farmland
starch
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CN109906703B (en
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赵博超
王雪婷
苑喜男
朱克松
窦广玉
刘刚
王天宁
王小虎
潘涔轩
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Ningxia Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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Abstract

The method of urase and phosphatase content in raising farmland provided by the present invention.This method sprays potato and/or the starch from sweet potato processing waste water of specific quantity on the farmland after site preparation bedding initiatively, and it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation to the farmland after potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water is sprayed, ploughed depth is 30~50cm, it was found that urase and phosphatase content in farmland can be significantly improved, relative to the mode for applying inorganic fertilizer, urase in soil and phosphatase content can at least be promoted 25% or more in the application, by urase and phosphatase come the organic nitrogen in decomposition and inversion soil, phosphorus macromolecular is converted into inorganic salts, promote crop to nitrogen, the absorption of the nutrients such as phosphorus, it is final to improve utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility;It simultaneously using this method treated farmland planting corn, mu volume increase at least 20% or more, such as is planted compared to Single fertilizer (N equivalent), corn can increase production 20%~35% per acre.

Description

A kind of method of urase and phosphatase content in raising farmland
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer application, and in particular to a method of improve urase and phosphatase content in farmland.
Background technique
The eighties in last century fertilizer application start to popularize in China's agricultural production after, inorganic fertilizer just becomes decision The leading fertilizer of crop yield.In order to pursue crop yield, peasant household would generally excessively apply chemical fertilizer (inclined nitrogen fertilizer application), this mode While causing fertilizer waste, the economic benefit is not high, soil hardening and fertility decline, unemployed fertilizer meeting are also created Bring earth's surface water eutrophication, Nitrate content in ground water exceeded and atmosphere in N2The environmental problems such as O discharge increase.
But if the defect for reducing the applied amount of chemical fertilizer, and crop yield being brought to decline, in addition, common fertilizer is applied It at least needs to apply fertilizer for 2 times used in the entire growth period of crop and is just able to satisfy the growth demand of crop, it is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also Labor intensity is increased, does not adapt to the trend that labour shifts from rural area to city at this stage.
Therefore, while how improving crop yield, avoid largely using chemical fertilizer from causing soil hardening and unemployed Fertilizer can bring earth's surface water eutrophication, groundwater azotate content is exceeded and atmosphere in N2The environment such as O discharge increase are asked Topic, is this field technical problem urgently to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, to be solved by this invention, to be that existing dose is very few cause crop yield to decline, and dose leads to ground more Table water eutrophication, groundwater azotate content is exceeded and atmosphere in N2The defect of the environmental problems such as O discharge increase, in turn Provide a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland.
In order to solve the above technical problems, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The method of urase and phosphatase content, includes the following steps: in a kind of raising farmland
1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland;
2) potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water are sprayed on farmland, with the potato and/or starch from sweet potato Processing waste water meter, spraying total amount is 40~80m3/ mu;
3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30 to spraying the farmland after potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water ~50cm.
Further, described to plough deeply after site preparation, further include the steps that farmland free time 4-8 month.
It further, further include by institute before the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water are sprayed on farmland State potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water is (40-80) with water by volume: (120-160) is mixed, and is then sprayed again Step;
In terms of the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water and water, spraying total amount is 160~240m3/ mu.
Further, described spray at least carries out in two times, and each applied amount is 30~50m3/ mu is adjacent to apply twice Time interval be 2~4 days.
It further, further include to institute before the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water are sprayed on farmland State the step of potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water carry out removing impurity by means of precipitation processing, the removing impurity by means of precipitation treated Ma Ling Solid content≤5wt% in potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water.
Further, the potato starch processing waste water include potato wash potato waste water, potato starch separation juice, Potato washes the mixture of potato waste water and potato starch separation juice;
The starch from sweet potato processing waste water includes that sweet potato washes potato waste water, starch from sweet potato separates juice or yellow serofluid, sweet potato are washed The mixture of potato waste water and starch from sweet potato separation juice or yellow serofluid.
Further, the potato wash potato Determination of Total Nitrogen in Waste Water content be 20-30mg/L, it is total phosphorus content 4-6mg/L, total Potassium content is 70-80mg/L, CODCrContent is 1400-1500mg/L;Total nitrogen content is in the potato starch separation juice 2100-2400mg/L, total phosphorus content 190-230mg/L, total potassium content are 2500-3500mg/L, CODCrContent is 33000- 39700mg/L;It is 1300-1500mg/L, always that the potato, which washes total nitrogen content in the mixture of potato waste water and potato juice, Phosphorus content is 90-120mg/L, total potassium content is 1200-1800mg/L, CODCrContent is 15000-22000mg/L;
The sweet potato washes that potato Determination of Total Nitrogen in Waste Water content is 50-90mg/L, total phosphorus content 5-30mg/L, total potassium content are 100-200mg/L、CODCrContent is 900-1500mg/L;Total nitrogen content is in the starch from sweet potato separation juice or yellow serofluid 700-2000mg/L, total phosphorus content 150-200mg/L, total potassium content are 800-2400mg/L, CODCrContent is 20000- 35000mg/L;It is 140- that the sweet potato, which washes total nitrogen content in potato waste water and starch from sweet potato separation juice or the mixture of yellow serofluid, 540mg/L, total phosphorus content 40-100mg/L, total potassium content are 160-640mg/L, CODCrContent is 10000-16000mg/L.
Further, during the site preparation bedding, the areas of each furrow is 150~300 ㎡, furrow stalk height for 5~ 10cm。
Further, the time sprayed is current year September 1 day to November 30.
Further, in mid or late April next year-May, to ploughing deeply the step of farmland after site preparation is poured water, irrigation quantity For 70-90m3/ mu.
Further, after pouring water 10-20 days, the long-term cropping on the farmland, the crop is corn, the corn Planting density be 4500-5000 plants/acre.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) method provided by the present invention for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland, initiatively in site preparation bedding Spray potato and/or the starch from sweet potato processing waste water of specific quantity on farmland afterwards, and to spraying potato and/or sweet potato is formed sediment Farmland after powder processing waste water plough deeply site preparation, and ploughed depth is 30~50cm, discovery can significantly improve in farmland urase and Phosphatase content can at least mention urase in soil and phosphatase content in the application relative to the mode of conventional application chemical fertilizer Rise 25% or more.By the biological enzyme system such as urase and phosphatase come the npk nutrient in decomposition and inversion soil, promote crop pair The absorption of these nutrients, it is final to improve utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility, avoid the brought earth's surface Shuifu County of unemployed fertilizer Nutrient laden, groundwater azotate content is exceeded and atmosphere in N2The environmental problems such as O discharge increase;Simultaneously using at this method Farmland planting corn after reason, mu volume increase at least 20% or more, such as planted compared to conventional chemical fertilizer (N equivalent), it is beautiful per acre Rice can increase production 20%~35%.
(2) method provided by the present invention for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland, by spraying Ma Ling to farmland Potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water make potato and/or the albumen in starch from sweet potato processing waste water, fat, sugar, pectin class Equal organic-inorganics substance, which is continuously nutrient needed for crop production provides, more importantly can lock the moisture of soil, accomplish that water storage is protected Moisture in the soil improves the microbial ecosystem in soil, and then improves urase and phosphatase content in soil.
(3) method provided by the present invention for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland, by several times to agricultural spraying Potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water are applied, and limits each applied amount and the adjacent time interval applied twice, it can be into one Step ground locks the moisture of soil, accomplishes to retain and conserve soil moisture;After ploughing deeply site preparation, by farmland free time 4-8 month, make potato and/ Or the fermenting organic material in starch from sweet potato processing waste water is decomposed into and is easily absorbed by crops the substances such as the inorganic nitrogen utilized, phosphorus, it is living Change the phosphorus in release soil, prevents the phosphorus potassium in fertilizer by soil fixing, make it possible to provide lasting fertilizer efficiency.
(4) method provided by the present invention for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland, potato processing wastewater itself As liquid manure one, administration time are just the farmland idle periods after crop harvesting between next year crop-planting, and simplicity is easily applied, one Secondary property application can meet the needs of Crop growing stage is to nutrient, substantially reduce rural labor intensity.
(5) it is provided by the present invention improve farmland in urase and phosphatase content method, fully consider potato and/ It is maximum or under the premise of the composition feature of starch from sweet potato processing waste water and uptake characters, the guarantee stable crop yield of crop increase production Limit using resource in potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water, and simplify the method for application, reach abridged edition and increase income and ring The purpose of border close friend.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
By in Gansu Shu Jie starch Co., Ltd corn planting base in following embodiments and comparative example, to this Effect caused by the method and this method of urase and phosphatase content in farmland is improved in invention to elaborate.
Potato processing wastewater used in following each embodiments is that potato starch enterprise in Guyuan City of Ningxia produces Ma Ling Processing waste water during sweet potato starch.
Starch from sweet potato processing waste water used in following each embodiments is that Anhui Yingshang County starch from sweet potato enterprise produces sweet potato Processing waste water during starch.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 200 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 8cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 40 in the mixture: 160, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 40m3It is primary to be spaced application in 3 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is potato juice, and total nitrogen content is 2145mg/L in potato juice, total phosphorus content 208mg/L, total potassium contain Amount is 2645mg/L, CODCrContent is 36400mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 150 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 10cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 40 in the mixture: 160, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 30m3It is primary to be spaced application in 2 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is potato juice, and total nitrogen content is 2145mg/L in potato juice, total phosphorus content 208mg/L, total potassium contain Amount is 2645mg/L, CODCrContent is 36400mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 40cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 300 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 5cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 40 in the mixture: 160, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 50m3It is primary to be spaced application in 4 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is potato juice, and total nitrogen content is 2145mg/L in potato juice, total phosphorus content 208mg/L, total potassium contain Amount is 2645mg/L, CODCrContent is 36400mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 50cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 250 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 6cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 60 in the mixture: 140, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 30m3It is primary to be spaced application in 4 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1464mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1520mg/L, CODCrContent is 21300mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 40cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 180 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 7cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 60 in the mixture: 140, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 40m3It is primary to be spaced application in 2 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1464mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1520mg/L, CODCrContent is 21300mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 50cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 6
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 160 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 9cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 40 in the mixture: 160, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 50m3It is primary to be spaced application in 3 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1464mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1520mg/L, CODCrContent is 21300mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 90m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 5000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 7
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 210 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 7cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 80 in the mixture: 120, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 30m3It is primary to be spaced application in 2 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1214mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1330mg/L, CODCrContent is 18200mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 90m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 8
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 155 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 9cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 80 in the mixture: 120, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 40m3It is primary to be spaced application in 4 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1214mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1330mg/L, CODCrContent is 18200mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 9
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 280 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 6cm;
(2) potato processing wastewater is staticly settled removal of impurities to wherein solid content≤5wt% by September 6 days, then by potato Processing waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of potato processing wastewater and clear water is 80 in the mixture: 120, in terms of the potato processing wastewater and water, spraying total amount is 200m3Said mixture is sprayed on whole by/mu several times On farmland after ground bedding, each applied amount is 50m3It is primary to be spaced application in 2 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein potato Processing waste water is the mixture that potato washes potato waste water and potato juice, and potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1214mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 102mg/L, total potassium content are 1330mg/L, CODCrContent is 18200mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 40cm to spraying the farmland after potato processing wastewater;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 10
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 200 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 8cm;
(2) sweet potato processing waste water is staticly settled and is cleaned to wherein solid content≤5wt%, then sweet potato is processed by September 6 days Waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of sweet potato processing waste water and clear water is 40:160 in the mixture, with institute Sweet potato processing waste water and water meter are stated, spraying total amount is 200m3/ mu, after said mixture is sprayed on site preparation bedding several times On farmland, each applied amount is 40m3It is primary to be spaced application in 3 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein sweet potato processing waste water is red Potato yellow serofluid, in sweet potato Huang paddle water total nitrogen content be 1960mg/L, total phosphorus content 164mg/L, total potassium content be 2100mg/L, CODCrContent is 31600mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 30cm to spraying the farmland after sweet potato processing waste water;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 11
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 150 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 10cm;
(2) sweet potato processing waste water is staticly settled and is cleaned to wherein solid content≤5wt%, then sweet potato is processed by September 6 days Waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of sweet potato processing waste water and clear water is 60:140 in the mixture, with institute Sweet potato processing waste water and water meter are stated, spraying total amount is 200m3/ mu, after said mixture is sprayed on site preparation bedding several times On farmland, each applied amount is 30m3It is primary to be spaced application in 2 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein sweet potato processing waste water is red Potato washes the mixture of potato waste water Yu sweet potato yellow serofluid, and sweet potato washes potato waste water with total nitrogen content in the mixture of sweet potato yellow serofluid and is 1407mg/L, total phosphorus content 84mg/L, total potassium content are 530mg/L, CODCrContent is 14400mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 40cm to spraying the farmland after sweet potato processing waste water;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Embodiment 12
A kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland is present embodiments provided, is included the following steps:
(1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland, during site preparation bedding, the area of each furrow is 300 ㎡, furrow stalk height is 5cm;
(2) sweet potato processing waste water is staticly settled and is cleaned to wherein solid content≤5wt%, then sweet potato is processed by September 6 days Waste water forms mixture after mixing with clear water, and the volume ratio of sweet potato processing waste water and clear water is 40:160 in the mixture, with institute Sweet potato processing waste water and water meter are stated, spraying total amount is 200m3/ mu, after said mixture is sprayed on site preparation bedding several times On farmland, each applied amount is 50m3It is primary to be spaced application in 4 days for/mu, until application finishes, wherein sweet potato processing waste water is red Potato washes the mixture of potato waste water Yu sweet potato yellow serofluid, and sweet potato washes potato waste water with total nitrogen content in the mixture of sweet potato yellow serofluid and is 1176mg/L, total phosphorus content 72mg/L, total potassium content are 418mg/L, CODCrContent is 13700mg/L;
(3) it carries out ploughing deeply site preparation, ploughed depth 50cm to spraying the farmland after sweet potato processing waste water;
(4) it in May 6 next year, pours water the farmland after site preparation is ploughed deeply, irrigation quantity 80m3/ mu, May 21 are broadcast Kind corn (kind is that north educates 298), does not do other processing by 4900 plants/acre of thickness of sowing after plantation.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland.It is unique different with embodiment 1 Place is: mixture is formed after being mixed with the potato processing wastewater in clear water alternate embodiment 1 with clear water in this comparative example, Chemical fertilizer application is according to traditional fertilization rule, 35kg/ mus of base fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate), potash fertilizer (sulphur Sour potassium) 10kg/ mus;10kg/ mus of top dressing nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium hydrogen carbonate).
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland.It is unique different with embodiment 2 Place is: mixture is formed after being mixed with the potato processing wastewater in clear water alternate embodiment 2 with clear water in this comparative example, Chemical fertilizer application is according to traditional fertilization rule, 35kg/ mus of base fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate), potash fertilizer (sulphur Sour potassium) 10kg/ mus;10kg/ mus of top dressing nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium hydrogen carbonate).
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland.It is unique different with embodiment 3 Place is: mixture is formed after being mixed with the potato processing wastewater in clear water alternate embodiment 3 with clear water in this comparative example, Chemical fertilizer application is according to traditional fertilization rule, 35kg/ mus of base fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30kg/ mus of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate), potash fertilizer (sulphur Sour potassium) 10kg/ mus;10kg/ mus of top dressing nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium hydrogen carbonate).
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland.It is unique different with embodiment 1 Place is: with the potato processing wastewater in rice processing waste water alternate embodiment 1 in this comparative example, wherein rice processing is useless Water is with the waste water generated during rice production starch.
Test example
Weighing measurement is carried out to the yield of long-term cropping in above-described embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-4, and crop is harvested Urase in soil afterwards, phosphatase content detected, the detection method of urase is indophenol blue colorimetry, the detection of phosphatase Method disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, corresponding detection method are as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
As known from Table 1: for the yield of corn at 312~336kg/ mus, average product is 323kg/ mus in comparative example 1-3;Soil Urease content is 3.055g/kg in 3.023~3.087g/kg, average urease content in earth;Phosphatase content exists in soil 4.615~4.712g/kg, average phosphatase content are 4.664g/kg.And the yield of the corn of embodiment 1-3 408~ 412kg/ mus, average product is 408kg/ mus, compared to comparative example corn yield increasing 27.86%;Urease content is 3.814 in soil ~3.816g/kg, average out to 3.794g/kg increase by 24.3% compared to urease activity (content) in comparative example soil;In soil Phosphatase content is in 5.886~5.897g/kg, average 5.833g/kg, compared to phosphatase activity (content) in comparative example soil Increase by 25.5%.
Similarly the yield of embodiment 4-6 corn is 436kg/ mus average at 431~442kg/ mus, compared to comparative example corn Volume increase 34.98%;Urease content is in 4.032~4.131g/kg, average 4.076g/kg, compared in comparative example soil in soil Urease activity (content) increases by 33.42%;Phosphatase content is in 6.02~6.172g/kg, average 6.087g/kg, phase in soil Increase by 30.51% compared with phosphatase activity (content) in comparative example soil.
Similarly the yield of embodiment 7-9 corn is 420kg/ mus average at 415~426kg/ mus, compared to comparative example corn Volume increase 30.03%;Urease content is in 3.837~3.842g/kg, average 3.855g/kg, compared in comparative example soil in soil Urease activity (content) increases by 26.18%;Phosphatase content is in 5.899~5.924g/kg, average 5.909g/kg, phase in soil Increase by 26.69% compared with phosphatase activity (content) in comparative example soil.
For the embodiment of the present invention compared with comparative example 4, per mu yield, urase and phosphatase content are above comparative example 4, show this Potato starch and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water can significantly improve urase and phosphatase content in soil in invention, obtain Unexpected technical effect.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for improving urase and phosphatase content in farmland, includes the following steps:
1) after current year crop harvest, site preparation bedding is carried out to farmland;
2) potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water are sprayed on farmland, are processed with the potato and/or starch from sweet potato Waste water meter, spraying total amount is 40~80m3/ mu;
3) plough deeply site preparation to spraying the farmland after potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water, ploughed depth is 30~ 50cm。
2. further including by farmland free time 4-8 the method according to claim 1, wherein described plough deeply after site preparation A month the step of.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that useless processing the potato and/or starch from sweet potato Water is sprayed on before farmland, further include by the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water and water is by volume (40- 80): (120-160) mixing, the step of then spraying again;
In terms of the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water and water, spraying total amount is 160~240m3/ mu.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, each applied amount is it is characterized in that, described spray at least carries out in two times 30~50m3/ mu, the adjacent time interval applied twice are 2~4 days.
5. method according to any of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that form sediment by the potato and/or sweet potato Powder processing waste water is sprayed on before farmland, further includes carrying out removing impurity by means of precipitation to the potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water The step of processing, solid content≤5wt% in the removing impurity by means of precipitation treated potato and/or starch from sweet potato processing waste water.
6. method according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the potato starch processing waste water includes Potato washes the mixture that potato waste water, potato starch separation juice, potato wash potato waste water and potato juice;
The starch from sweet potato processing waste water includes that sweet potato washes potato waste water, starch from sweet potato separates juice or yellow serofluid, sweet potato wash potato and give up The mixture of water and starch from sweet potato separation juice or yellow serofluid.
7. method of administration according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the potato washes potato Determination of Total Nitrogen in Waste Water content and is 20-30mg/L, total phosphorus content 4-6mg/L, total potassium content are 70-80mg/L, CODCrContent is 1400-1500mg/L;It is described Total nitrogen content is 2100-2400mg/L in potato starch separation juice, total phosphorus content 190-230mg/L, total potassium content are 2500-3500mg/L、CODCrContent is 33000-39700mg/L;The potato washes the mixing of potato waste water and potato juice Total nitrogen content is 1300-1500mg/L in object, total phosphorus content 90-120mg/L, total potassium content are 1200-1800mg/L, CODCr Content is 15000-22000mg/L;
The sweet potato washes that potato Determination of Total Nitrogen in Waste Water content is 50-90mg/L, total phosphorus content 5-30mg/L, total potassium content are 100- 200mg/L、CODCrContent is 900-1500mg/L;Total nitrogen content is 700- in the starch from sweet potato separation juice or yellow serofluid 2000mg/L, total phosphorus content 150-200mg/L, total potassium content are 800-2400mg/L, CODCrContent is 20000- 35000mg/L;It is 140- that the sweet potato, which washes total nitrogen content in potato waste water and starch from sweet potato separation juice or the mixture of yellow serofluid, 540mg/L, total phosphorus content 40-100mg/L, total potassium content are 160-640mg/L, CODCrContent is 10000-16000mg/L.
8. method according to any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized in that during the site preparation bedding, every furrow face Product is 150~300 ㎡, and furrow stalk height is 5~10cm.
9. method according to any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized in that the time sprayed is current year September 1st To November 30.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, in mid or late April next year-May, after ploughing deeply site preparation The step of farmland is poured water, irrigation quantity 70-90m3/ mu;
After pouring water 10-20 days, the long-term cropping on the farmland, the crop is corn, and the planting density of the corn is 4500-5000 plants/acre.
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