CN109906703B - Method for increasing urease and phosphatase content in farmland - Google Patents
Method for increasing urease and phosphatase content in farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN109906703B CN109906703B CN201910117391.8A CN201910117391A CN109906703B CN 109906703 B CN109906703 B CN 109906703B CN 201910117391 A CN201910117391 A CN 201910117391A CN 109906703 B CN109906703 B CN 109906703B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland. According to the method, a specific amount of potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is initiatively sprayed on a farmland on which land preparation and furrow making are carried out, the farmland on which the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is sprayed is deeply ploughed to make the soil, the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm, the content of urease and phosphatase in the farmland can be obviously improved, compared with a mode of applying an inorganic fertilizer, the content of urease and phosphatase in the soil can be at least improved by more than 25%, organic nitrogen and phosphorus macromolecules in the soil are decomposed and converted into inorganic salt through the urease and the phosphatase, absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by crops is promoted, and the fertilizer utilization rate and the soil fertility are finally improved; meanwhile, the yield of each mu of corn planted in the farmland treated by the method is increased by at least 20%, for example, compared with the mode of planting by applying chemical fertilizers (N is equal to the quantity), the yield of each mu of corn can be increased by 20-35%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilization, and particularly relates to a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland.
Background
In the last 80 th century, after the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production in China began to be popularized, inorganic chemical fertilizers became the leading fertilizers for determining crop yield. In order to pursue crop yield, farmers usually apply excessive chemical fertilizers (partial application of nitrogen fertilizers), which causes waste of fertilizers and low economic benefit, and simultaneously causes soil hardening and fertility reduction, and the unused fertilizers can cause eutrophication of surface water, overproof nitrate content in underground water and N in atmosphere2Increased O emission, and the like.
However, if the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the defect of reduced crop yield is brought, in addition, the conventional chemical fertilizer application needs at least 2 times of fertilizer application in the whole growth period of crops to meet the growth requirement of the crops, so that the time and the labor are wasted, the labor intensity is increased, and the trend that the labor force is transferred from rural areas to cities at the present stage cannot be adapted.
Therefore, the crop yield is improved, and meanwhile, the phenomena that the soil hardening is caused by using a large amount of chemical fertilizer and the unused fertilizer can cause the eutrophication of surface water, the content of nitrate in underground water exceeds the standard and N in the atmosphere2The environmental problems such as increased O emission and the like are a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the problems that the yield of crops is reduced due to too small fertilizing amount, and the eutrophication of surface water and the soil are caused by more fertilizing amountThe content of nitrate in sewage exceeds the standard and N is in the atmosphere2The increase of O emission and other environmental problems, and further provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in the farmland.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for increasing the contents of urease and phosphatase in farmland comprises the following steps:
1) after the crops are harvested in the same year, soil preparation and bedding are carried out on the farmland;
2) spraying potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater to a farmland, wherein the total spraying amount is 40-80 m in terms of the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater3Per mu;
3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm.
Further, after deep ploughing and soil preparation, the method also comprises the step of leaving the farmland free for 4-8 months.
Further, before spraying the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater to a farmland, the method also comprises the following steps of mixing the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater with water in a volume ratio of (40-80): (120-160) a step of mixing and then spraying;
the total spraying amount is 160-240 m calculated by the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater and water3Per mu.
Further, the spraying is carried out at least twice, and the application amount of each time is 30-50 m3The time interval between two adjacent applications is 2-4 days.
Further, before the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is sprayed to a farmland, the method also comprises the step of carrying out precipitation and impurity removal treatment on the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater, wherein the solid content in the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater after the precipitation and impurity removal treatment is less than or equal to 5 wt%.
Further, the potato starch processing wastewater comprises potato washing wastewater, potato starch separation juice, a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato starch separation juice;
the sweet potato starch processing wastewater comprises sweet potato washing wastewater, sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid, and a mixture of the sweet potato washing wastewater and the sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid.
Further, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the total potassium content in the potato washing wastewater are respectively 20-30mg/L, 4-6mg/L and 70-80mg/L, CODCrThe content is 1400-1500 mg/L; the total nitrogen content in the potato starch separation juice is 2100-2400mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 190-230mg/L, and the total potassium content is 2500-3500mg/L, CODCrThe content is 33000-; the total nitrogen content in the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice is 1300-1500mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 90-120mg/L, and the total potassium content is 1200-1800mg/L, CODCrThe content is 15000-22000 mg/L;
the total nitrogen content in the wastewater for washing the sweet potatoes is 50-90mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 5-30mg/L, and the total potassium content is 100-200mg/L, CODCrThe content is 900-1500 mg/L; the total nitrogen content of the sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid is 700-2000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 150-200mg/L, and the total potassium content is 800-2400mg/L, CODCrThe content is 20000-35000 mg/L; the total nitrogen content in the mixture of the sweet potato washing wastewater and the sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid is 140-540mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 40-100mg/L, and the total potassium content is 160-640mg/L, CODCrThe content is 10000-16000 mg/L.
Furthermore, in the land preparation and bed making process, the area of each bed is 150-300 square meters, and the height of the bed stems is 5-10 cm.
Further, the spraying time is from 9 months 1 days to 11 months 30 days in the year.
Further, in the middle and last ten days of the next 4 months-5 months, the farmland with deep ploughing and soil preparation is irrigated, and the irrigation quantity is 70-90m3Per mu.
Further, after 10-20 days of irrigation, planting a crop on the farmland, wherein the crop is corn, and the planting density of the corn is 4500-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for improving the urease and phosphatase content in the farmland, provided by the invention, a specific amount of potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is initiatively sprayed on the farmland after land preparation and furrow making, deep ploughing is carried out on the farmland sprayed with the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater, the ploughing depth is 30-50 cm, the urease and phosphatase content in the farmland can be obviously improved, and compared with a conventional fertilizer application mode, the urease and phosphatase content in the soil can be improved by at least 25%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil are decomposed and converted through biological enzyme systems such as urease, phosphatase and the like, the absorption of crops on the nutrients is promoted, the fertilizer utilization rate and the soil fertility are finally improved, and the eutrophication of surface water, the standard exceeding of the content of nitrate in underground water and the N in the atmosphere caused by the unused fertilizer are avoided2Environmental problems such as increased O emissions; meanwhile, the yield of each mu of corn planted in the farmland treated by the method is increased by at least 20%, for example, compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer (equal to N) planting, the yield of each mu of corn can be increased by 20-35%.
(2) According to the method for improving the urease and phosphatase content in the farmland, provided by the invention, the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is sprayed to the farmland, so that organic and inorganic substances such as protein, fat, sugar, pectin and the like in the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater continuously provide nutrients required for crop production, more importantly, the water content of the soil can be locked, the water storage and moisture preservation are realized, the microbial ecosystem in the soil is improved, and the urease and phosphatase content in the soil is further improved.
(3) According to the method for improving the urease and phosphatase content in the farmland, provided by the invention, the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is sprayed to the farmland for multiple times, and the application amount of each time and the time interval between two adjacent applications are limited, so that the moisture of the soil can be further locked, and the purposes of storing water and preserving soil moisture are achieved; after deep ploughing and soil preparation, the farmland is kept idle for 4-8 months, so that organic substances in the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater are fermented and decomposed into inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances which are easily absorbed and utilized by crops, phosphorus in the soil is activated and released, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are prevented from being fixed by the soil, and the fertilizer effect can be lasting.
(4) According to the method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in the farmland, provided by the invention, the potato processing wastewater is a water-fertilizer integrated body, the application time is just the idle period of the farmland between the harvested crops and the next year of crop planting, the application is simple and easy, the requirement of the crop in the growth period on nutrients can be met by one-time application, and the agricultural labor intensity is greatly reduced.
(5) The method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in the farmland provided by the invention utilizes the resources in the waste water from the processing of the potato and/or sweet potato starch to the maximum extent on the premise of fully considering the component characteristics of the waste water from the processing of the potato and/or sweet potato starch and the fertilizer requirement characteristics of crops and ensuring the stable yield and the yield increase of the crops, simplifies the application method and achieves the purposes of saving cost and increasing income and being environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples and comparative examples describe in detail the method of the present invention for increasing the urease and phosphatase levels in agricultural fields and the effect thereof by using the method in corn plantation of starch, llc in the Gansu Shujie.
The potato processing wastewater used in the following examples is processing wastewater from a potato starch production facility in Ningxia Guyuan.
The sweet potato starch processing wastewater used in each of the following examples is processing wastewater in the process of producing sweet potato starch by a certain sweet potato starch enterprise in Yingshangxian county, Anhui.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 200 square meters, and the height of each bed is 8 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 40m each time3Applying the fertilizer once per mu every 3 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is potato juice, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the total potassium content in the potato juice are 2145mg/L, 208mg/L and 2645mg/L, COD respectivelyCrThe content is 36400 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to a ploughing depth of 30 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 150 square meters, and the height of each bed is 10 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 30m each time3Applying the fertilizer once per mu every 2 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is potato juice, the total nitrogen content and the total phosphorus content in the potato juice are 2145mg/L and 208mg/L respectively,The total potassium content is 2645mg/L, CODCrThe content is 36400 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 40 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 300 square meters, and the height of each bed is 5 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 50m each time3Applying the fertilizer once per mu at intervals of 4 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is potato juice, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the total potassium content in the potato juice are 2145mg/L, 208mg/L and 2645mg/L, COD respectivelyCrThe content is 36400 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to 50cm depth;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 250 square meters, and the height of each bed is 6 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 60: 140, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 30m each time3The fertilizer is applied once per mu every 4 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1464mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1520mg/L, COD mg/LCrThe content is 21300 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 40 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 180 square meters, and the height of each bed is 7 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 60: 140, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 40m each time3Applying the fertilizer once per mu every 2 days until the application is finished,wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1464mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1520mg/L, CODCrThe content is 21300 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to 50cm depth;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 160 square meters, and the height of each bed is 9 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 50m each time3The fertilizer is applied once per mu every 3 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1464mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1520mg/L, COD mg/LCrThe content is 21300 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to a ploughing depth of 30 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with 90m of water in 5 months and 6 days in the next year3Corn (variety: Beiyu 298) is sown in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 5000 plants per mu, and the corn cannot be sown after being plantedAnd performing other treatment.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 210 square meters, and the height of each bed is 7 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 80: 120, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 30m each time3Applying the mixture once every 2 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1214mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1330mg/L, CODCrThe content is 18200 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to a ploughing depth of 30 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with 90m of water in 5 months and 6 days in the next year3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4500 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 155 square meters, and the height of each bed is 9 cm;
(2) standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating, removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the potato processing wastewater and the clear water in the mixtureThe volume ratio of clear water is 80: 120, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 40m each time3Applying the mixture once every 4 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1214mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1330mg/L, CODCrThe content is 18200 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater to a ploughing depth of 30 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing land preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of land preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 280 square meters, and the height of each bed is 6 cm;
(2) and standing the potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 80: 120, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 50m each time3Applying the mixture once every 2 days until the application is finished, wherein the potato processing wastewater is a mixture of potato washing wastewater and potato juice, and the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice has a total nitrogen content of 1214mg/L, a total phosphorus content of 102mg/L and a total potassium content of 1330mg/L, CODCrThe content is 18200 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 40 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 10
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 200 square meters, and the height of each bed is 8 cm;
(2) and (3) standing the sweet potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, mixing the sweet potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the sweet potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the sweet potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 40m each time3The fertilizer is applied once per mu every 3 days until the application is finished, wherein the sweet potato processing wastewater is sweet potato yellow serofluid, the total nitrogen content in the sweet potato yellow serofluid is 1960mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 164mg/L, and the total potassium content is 2100mg/L, CODCrThe content is 31600 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the sweet potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 30 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 11
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 150 square meters, and the height of each bed is 10 cm;
(2)9 month and 6 daysStanding the sweet potato processing wastewater for precipitation and impurity removal until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, and mixing the sweet potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the sweet potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 60: 140, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the sweet potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 30m each time3The fertilizer is applied once per mu every 2 days until the application is finished, wherein the sweet potato processing wastewater is a mixture of sweet potato washing wastewater and sweet potato yellow serofluid, and the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the total potassium content in the mixture of the sweet potato washing wastewater and the sweet potato yellow serofluid are 1407mg/L, 84mg/L and 530mg/L, COD respectivelyCrThe content is 14400 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the sweet potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 40 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Example 12
The embodiment provides a method for improving the contents of urease and phosphatase in a farmland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after crops are harvested in the year, performing soil preparation and bed making on farmlands, wherein in the process of soil preparation and bed making, the area of each bed is 300 square meters, and the height of each bed is 5 cm;
(2) and (3) standing the sweet potato processing wastewater for 6 days at 9 months, precipitating and removing impurities until the solid content is less than or equal to 5wt%, mixing the sweet potato processing wastewater with clear water to form a mixture, wherein the volume ratio of the sweet potato processing wastewater to the clear water in the mixture is 40: 160, the total spraying amount is 200m based on the sweet potato processing wastewater and water3Spraying the mixture on farmland after land preparation and ridging for multiple times, wherein the application amount is 50m each time3The fertilizer is applied once per mu at intervals of 4 days until the application is finished, wherein the sweet potato processing wastewater is a mixture of sweet potato washing wastewater and sweet potato yellow serofluid, and the mixture of the sweet potato washing wastewater and the sweet potato yellow serofluid has the total nitrogen content of 1176mg/L, the total phosphorus content of 72mg/L and the total potassium content of total potassiumThe amount is 418mg/L, CODCrThe content is 13700 mg/L;
(3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the sweet potato processing wastewater, wherein the ploughing depth is 50 cm;
(4) irrigating the farmland with water of 80m in the next 5 months and 6 days3Corn (the variety is 298 northern fertile) is sowed in 21 days of 5 months per mu, the sowing density is 4900 plants per mu, and no other treatment is carried out after planting.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method for increasing urease and phosphatase levels in a farm field. The only difference from example 1 is that: in the comparative example, clear water is used for mixing the potato processing wastewater in the example 1 with clear water to form a mixture, and the fertilizer is applied according to the traditional fertilizer application rule, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 35 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) and 10 kg/mu of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate); topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium bicarbonate) 10 kg/mu.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method for increasing urease and phosphatase levels in a farm field. The only difference from example 2 is that: in the comparative example, clear water is used for mixing potato processing wastewater in example 2 with clear water to form a mixture, and the fertilizer is applied according to the traditional fertilizer application rule, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 35 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) and 10 kg/mu of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate); topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium bicarbonate) 10 kg/mu.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a method for increasing urease and phosphatase levels in a farm field. The only difference from example 3 is that: in the comparative example, clear water is used for mixing potato processing wastewater in example 3 with clear water to form a mixture, and the fertilizer is applied according to the traditional fertilizer application rule, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 35 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), 30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) and 10 kg/mu of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate); topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium bicarbonate) 10 kg/mu.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a method for increasing urease and phosphatase levels in a farm field. The only difference from example 1 is that: in this comparative example, the potato processing wastewater of example 1 was replaced with rice processing wastewater, which is wastewater generated during the production of starch from rice.
Test examples
The yields of the crops planted in the above examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured by weighing, and the contents of urease and phosphatase in the soil after harvesting the crops were measured, wherein the urease was detected by indophenol blue colorimetry and the phosphatase was detected by disodium phenylphosphate colorimetry, and the respective detection methods are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
From table 1, it can be seen that: the corn yield in the comparative examples 1-3 is 312-336 kg/mu, and the average yield is 323 kg/mu; the urease content in the soil is 3.023-3.087 g/kg, and the average urease content is 3.055 g/kg; the content of phosphatase in the soil is 4.615-4.712 g/kg, and the average content of phosphatase is 4.664 g/kg. The corn yield of the embodiment 1-3 is 408-412 kg/mu, the average yield is 408 kg/mu, and compared with the corn yield of the comparative example, the corn yield is increased by 27.86%; the urease content in the soil is 3.814-3.816 g/kg, the average content is 3.794g/kg, and the urease activity (content) is increased by 24.3% compared with that in the comparative example soil; the content of the phosphatase in the soil is 5.886-5.897 g/kg, the average is 5.833g/kg, and the activity (content) of the phosphatase in the soil is increased by 25.5% compared with that in the soil of a comparative example.
Similarly, the yield of the corns in the examples 4 and 6 is 431-442 kg/mu, and the average yield is 436 kg/mu, compared with the yield of the corns in the comparative example, the yield is increased by 34.98%; the urease content in the soil is 4.032-4.131 g/kg, and the average 4.076g/kg of the urease content in the soil is 33.42% higher than that in the soil of a comparative example; the content of the phosphatase in the soil is 6.02-6.172 g/kg, the average 6.087g/kg is 30.51% higher than that of the phosphatase in the soil of a comparative example.
Similarly, the yield of the corns in the examples 7-9 is 415-426 kg/mu, and the average yield is 420 kg/mu, compared with the yield increased by 30.03% in the comparative example; the urease content in the soil is 3.837-3.842 g/kg, the average 3.855g/kg is 26.18% higher than the urease activity (content) in the comparative example soil; the content of the phosphatase in the soil is 5.899-5.924 g/kg, the average content is 5.909g/kg, and the activity (content) of the phosphatase in the soil is increased by 26.69% compared with that in the soil of a comparative example.
Compared with the comparative example 4, the yield per mu and the contents of urease and phosphatase in the embodiment of the invention are higher than those in the comparative example 4, which shows that the urease and phosphatase contents in the soil can be obviously improved by the potato starch and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater in the invention, and an unexpected technical effect is achieved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for increasing the contents of urease and phosphatase in farmland comprises the following steps:
1) after the crops are harvested in the same year, soil preparation and bedding are carried out on the farmland;
2) spraying potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater to a farmland, wherein the total spraying amount is 40-80 m in terms of the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater3Per mu;
3) deeply ploughing and preparing the farmland sprayed with the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater to a ploughing depth of 30-50 cm;
before the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater is sprayed to farmlands, the method further comprises the following steps of (40-80): (120-160) a step of mixing and then spraying;
the water and the potato starch processing wastewater are measuredThe total spraying amount is 160-240 m3Per mu;
the spraying is carried out at least twice, and the application amount of each time is 30-50 m3The time interval between two adjacent applications is 2-4 days per mu;
the potato starch processing wastewater comprises a mixture of potato starch separation juice, potato washing wastewater and potato juice;
the total nitrogen content in the potato starch separation juice is 2100-2400mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 190-230mg/L, and the total potassium content is 2500-3500mg/L, CODCrThe content is 33000-; the total nitrogen content in the mixture of the potato washing wastewater and the potato juice is 1300-1500mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 90-120mg/L, and the total potassium content is 1200-1800mg/L, CODCrThe content is 15000-22000 mg/L;
the sweet potato starch processing wastewater comprises a mixture of sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid, sweet potato washing wastewater and sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid;
the total nitrogen content of the sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid is 700-2000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 150-200mg/L, and the total potassium content is 800-2400mg/L, CODCrThe content is 20000-35000 mg/L; the total nitrogen content in the mixture of the sweet potato washing wastewater and the sweet potato starch separation juice or yellow serofluid is 140-540mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 40-100mg/L, and the total potassium content is 160-640mg/L, CODCrThe content is 10000-16000 mg/L.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of leaving the field free for 4-8 months after said deep tillage.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising the step of carrying out precipitation and impurity removal treatment on the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater before spraying the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater on a farmland, wherein the solid content in the potato and/or sweet potato starch processing wastewater after the precipitation and impurity removal treatment is less than or equal to 5 wt%.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the potato starch processing wastewater further comprises potato washing wastewater;
the sweet potato starch processing wastewater also comprises sweet potato washing wastewater.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the total potassium content in the potato washing wastewater are respectively 20-30mg/L, 4-6mg/L and 70-80mg/L, CODCrThe content is 1400-1500 mg/L;
the total nitrogen content in the wastewater for washing the sweet potatoes is 50-90mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 5-30mg/L, and the total potassium content is 100-200mg/L, CODCrThe content is 900-1500 mg/L.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the land preparation and bed making process, the area of each bed is 150-300 square meters, and the height of the bed stems is 5-10 cm.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spraying is carried out for a period of time ranging from 9 months 1 to 11 months 30 days in the year.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of irrigating the farmland with water of 70-90m in the last ten-5 months of the next 4 months3Per mu;
and planting a crop on the farmland 10-20 days after irrigation, wherein the crop is corn, and the planting density of the corn is 4500-.
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