CN109892177B - Direct seeding planting method for short-petal trollius chinensis in greenhouse in cold region - Google Patents
Direct seeding planting method for short-petal trollius chinensis in greenhouse in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN109892177B CN109892177B CN201910161175.3A CN201910161175A CN109892177B CN 109892177 B CN109892177 B CN 109892177B CN 201910161175 A CN201910161175 A CN 201910161175A CN 109892177 B CN109892177 B CN 109892177B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse direct-seeding planting method for short-petal trollius chinensis in a cold region, belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and aims to solve the problems of long planting period and low yield of the short-petal trollius chinensis. The direct seeding planting method comprises the following steps: firstly, spreading farmyard manure on the ground surface before ploughing in a greenhouse, then shallow ploughing the soil, and constructing a seeding community; secondly, accelerating germination and sterilizing seeds, then directly sowing the seeds, uniformly covering the seeds with covering soil, wherein the covering soil is prepared from black soil, peat soil and fine sand; thirdly, spraying a seedling strengthening agent after pentagonal basal leaves grow, applying a first nitrogen fertilizer when the average plant height is 5-7 cm, in a seedling stage, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer in a spraying manner for 15-20 days until the plants bloom; and fourthly, harvesting. The method adopts a seed direct seeding method, transplanting is not needed, time and labor are saved, the soil texture and the tilth characteristics are fully considered due to the reasonable proportion of the upper covering soil, the water and fertilizer supply is ensured, and the seed germination rate is improved; the planting period is greatly shortened by planting in a greenhouse, and the operability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a direct seeding planting method for a short-petal trollius chinensis in a cold region in a greenhouse.
Background
The Trollius chinensis (Trolilus ledebouri Reichb) is a perennial herb of globeflower of Ranunculaceae, originates from wet grassland, woodland or riverside meadow with the altitude of 110-900 m, is distributed in Heilongjiang and northeast of inner Mongolia in China, and is also distributed in eastern and far east of Russian Siberian (Zhang Dong, etc., research progress of Trollius chinensis, Chinese patent medicine 2016,38 (11): 2448 and 24242424242450.). The flower has bright color and beautiful pattern, and has the efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic material, reducing swelling, improving eyesight and the like by using the flower as a medicine; can treat symptoms such as chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, acute lymphangitis and the like, thereby having important ornamental and medicinal values and huge market potential and arousing high attention of people. In the distribution area of the short-petal trollius chinensis, artificial picking is very serious, certain damage is caused to the growth environment of the short-petal trollius chinensis, the population quantity of the short-petal trollius chinensis is reduced, and the population stability of the short-petal trollius chinensis is influenced. In order to comprehensively develop the medicinal value of the trollius chinensis and better protect wild resources, artificial planting of the trollius chinensis is imperative.
The short-petal trollius chinensis is mainly distributed in cold and warm regions or middle and warm regions, and due to short growing season, at least 2 years are needed from seed germination to flowering, so that the time of marketing of products is severely limited, and the limitation of wild resources cannot meet the wide market demand. At present, the planting or cultivation of the trollius chinensis plants in China mainly adopts open-air planting or field transplanting after greenhouse seedling raising, the method is influenced by comprehensive factors such as weather, and the like, the seed germination rate is low, the flower yield is low, and therefore, the invention provides a greenhouse direct-seeding planting method for the trollius chinensis in the cold region, which aims at solving the problems of low seed germination rate, long planting period and low yield in the process of artificially planting the trollius chinensis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low germination rate, long planting period and low yield of the short-petal trollius chinensis seeds, and provides a greenhouse direct-seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis in a cold region.
The direct seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region in the greenhouse is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, land finishing: selecting a (loose fertile) black soil or black calcium soil plot, spreading farmyard manure on the ground surface before ploughing in a greenhouse, applying 200-500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, shallow ploughing the soil, watering once, harrowing and leveling the land, dividing rows with the width of 60-100 cm, constructing a sowing cell with the row spacing of 10-15 cm, and finishing land preparation;
secondly, sowing: a. firstly, carrying out pregermination treatment on the trollius chinensis seeds, namely putting the fully mature trollius chinensis seeds subjected to water selection into prepared GA with the mass concentration of 1 percent3Soaking in the solution for 4-6 h, taking out and then using waterRepeatedly washing to remove residual liquid to obtain germinated seeds, then putting the germinated seeds into a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% for disinfection treatment, and airing at room temperature to obtain disinfected seeds;
b. sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, uniformly stirring the disinfected seeds and fine sand with the mass of 10-20 times, uniformly sowing the seeds in the row section of the first raking step, configuring covering soil according to the volume ratio of black soil, peat soil and fine sand of 6:3:1, uniformly covering 0.5-1 cm of the sowed seeds with the covering soil, treading, replenishing water, watering thoroughly, irregularly replenishing water according to the soil moisture condition, and controlling the soil moisture content to be 65-85% until seedlings emerge;
thirdly, seedling management: and (3) seedling stage: removing weeds after emergence of seedlings, spraying a seedling strengthening agent on the leaf surfaces after pentagonal basal leaves (first true leaves) grow, picking seedlings when the average plant height reaches 5-7 cm, and controlling 90-120 plants/m2Diluting a (quick-acting) nitrogen fertilizer by a mass ratio of 1:1000 times after seedling picking, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the roots of the short-petal trollius chinensis once a month till the beginning of 9 months; and (3) seedling stage: at the beginning of 9 months, the seedlings enter a rapid growth stage, then a (quick-acting) nitrogen fertilizer is diluted by 1:800 times of the mass ratio, and the seedlings are sprayed once in 15-20 days until the seedlings bloom;
fourthly, harvesting: in the middle of 11 months, blooming, in the top of 12 months, the blooming period, and picking up short-petal trollius chinensis.
The invention provides a greenhouse direct seeding planting method for short-petal trollius chinensis in cold regions, which adopts a seed direct seeding method, does not need transplanting, reduces labor intensity, and saves time and labor; the covering soil formed by reasonably proportioning the black soil, the peat soil and the fine sand has certain air permeability so that the seeds are not mildewed and necrotic in the germination process, and has certain water and fertilizer retention capacity so that sufficient nutrients and water can be supplied in the germination process of the seeds, and the germination rate is obviously improved; by adopting a greenhouse planting means and proper water and fertilizer configuration, the planting period is greatly shortened, the flowers can bloom in the same year by direct seeding, the average yield of each plant in the same year is 3g, the yield of each plant is 27-37kg, and the flowers can grow 26 flowers in the second year, and the yield of each plant is 70.2-93.6 kg; the invention is simple and easy to operate, has strong operability, low cost and quick effect, and has wide application prospect and obvious economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the greenhouse direct seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, land finishing: selecting a (loose fertile) black soil or black calcium soil plot, spreading farmyard manure on the ground surface before ploughing in a greenhouse, applying 200-500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, shallow ploughing the soil, watering once, harrowing and leveling the land, dividing rows with the width of 60-100 cm, constructing a sowing cell with the row spacing of 10-15 cm, and finishing land preparation;
secondly, sowing: a. firstly, carrying out pregermination treatment on the trollius chinensis seeds, namely putting the fully mature trollius chinensis seeds subjected to water selection into prepared GA with the mass concentration of 1 percent3Soaking the seeds in the solution for 4-6 h, taking out the seeds, repeatedly washing the seeds with water to wash away residual liquid to obtain germinated seeds, then putting the germinated seeds into a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% for disinfection treatment, and airing the seeds at room temperature to obtain disinfected seeds;
b. sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, uniformly stirring the disinfected seeds and fine sand with the mass of 10-20 times, uniformly sowing the seeds in the row section of the first raking step, configuring covering soil according to the volume ratio of black soil, peat soil and fine sand of 6:3:1, uniformly covering 0.5-1 cm of the sowed seeds with the covering soil, treading, replenishing water, watering thoroughly, irregularly replenishing water according to the soil moisture condition, and controlling the soil moisture content to be 65-85% until seedlings emerge;
thirdly, seedling management: and (3) seedling stage: removing weeds after emergence of seedlings, spraying a seedling strengthening agent on the leaf surfaces after pentagonal basal leaves (first true leaves) grow, picking seedlings when the average plant height reaches 5-7 cm, and controlling 90-120 plants/m2Diluting a (quick-acting) nitrogen fertilizer by a mass ratio of 1:1000 times after seedling picking, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the roots of the short-petal trollius chinensis once a month till the beginning of 9 months; and (3) seedling stage: at the beginning of 9 months, the seedlings enter a rapid growth stage, then a (quick-acting) nitrogen fertilizer is diluted by 1:800 times of the mass ratio, and the seedlings are sprayed once in 15-20 days until the seedlings bloom;
fourthly, harvesting: in the middle of 11 months, blooming, in the top of 12 months, the blooming period, and picking up short-petal trollius chinensis.
In the first step of the implementation mode, the line spacing is controlled for management such as ventilation, weeding, fertilization, water replenishing and harvesting. And in the second step, the composition proportion of the upper covering soil fully considers the characteristics of different soil textures and tilth, thereby not only ensuring nutrient supply, but also meeting the water requirement.
In the second step, stable water replenishing equipment such as an air pressure type sprayer and spray irrigation is preferably selected for water replenishing, so that the phenomenon that seeds are exposed due to soil layer disturbance caused by flood irrigation is avoided, and the germination effect is influenced.
In the seedling stage in the third step, in order to avoid burning seedlings due to overhigh temperature in the greenhouse, windows are opened all day long for ventilation, and shading is shielded by using a shading net in months 7 and 8, in the step, the air in the middle and last ten days of month 9 is cooled, shading is removed, and attention is paid to warmth retention in the greenhouse.
In the full-bloom stage of the four middle schools, water supplement is reduced, and the flower is irrigated by flood for two weeks. In the step, the collected fresh short-petal trollius chinensis flowers can be placed into an electric heating air-blowing drying oven to be dried for 30min at the constant temperature of 85 ℃ to prepare dried flowers, and the dried flowers are also dried in the clear weather.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the farmyard manure in the first step is stable manure or compost.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the depth of the shallow ploughing in the first step is 15-25 cm.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that 400kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu in the first step.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that in the first step, rows are drawn with a width of 100cm, seeding cells are built, and the row spacing is 15 cm.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first to the fifth embodiment is that the time for the sterilization treatment in the second step is 30-60 min.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that the disinfected seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sand with the mass of 20 times in the second step.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the first embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that after the short-petal trollius chinensis seedlings in the third step, the water supplement amount is reduced, and the soil moisture content is controlled to be 50% -65%.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is that the seedling strengthening agent in the third step is sodium naphthaleneacetate and potassium indolebutyrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 proportion water dissolution.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is that the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 days in the third step and then the water is supplemented.
The fertilization and the water replenishing are staggered in time in the embodiment.
Example (b): the direct seeding planting method is carried out in a greenhouse of a comprehensive test station of the institute of geography and agriculture and ecology of the Chinese academy of sciences in Changchun, Jilin province, and the direct seeding planting method of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region in the greenhouse is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, land finishing: selecting a loose fertile black soil plot as a substrate, spreading stable manure on the ground surface before ploughing, applying 400kg of farmyard manure per mu, then shallow ploughing the soil to ensure that the base manure is evenly ploughed into the soil, shallow ploughing to a depth of 25cm, watering thoroughly, raking by using tools such as a flat rake when the ground is slightly dry, dividing the ground into rows with the width of 100cm, constructing a seeding plot, and finishing land preparation, wherein the row spacing is 15 cm;
secondly, sowing: accelerating germination of the short petal trollius chinensis seeds in 4 months and 10 days, and adding GA with mass concentration of 1% into the fully mature short petal trollius chinensis seeds subjected to water selection3Soaking in the solution for 5h, taking out, washing with water repeatedly to wash out residual liquid, sterilizing the germinated seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 40min, and air drying at room temperature to obtain sterilized seeds;
b. sowing for 4 months and 15 days, uniformly stirring the disinfected seeds and fine sand with the mass of 20 times, uniformly scattering the seeds in a flat row section, selecting black soil, peat soil and fine sand to be covered with soil according to the volume ratio of 6:3:1, uniformly covering 0.5cm of covered soil after sowing, then treading down, replenishing water by using an air pressure type sprayer, and replenishing water once a day until seedlings emerge;
thirdly, seedling management: and (3) seedling stage: seedling emergence is carried out continuously in 13 days after sowing, the germination rate reaches 94.6 percent, water is replenished every two days after seedling emergence, the soil moisture content is controlled to be 50-65 percent, weed removal is carried out once a week, pentagon basal leaves (first true leaves) grow after about 25 days, a seedling strengthening agent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, after 60 days, seedling picking is carried out when the average plant height reaches 6cm, and 100 plants/m are controlled2Diluting the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer by 1:1000 times of the mass ratio after seedling picking, and spraying the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the roots of the short-petal trollius chinensis, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed once a month till the beginning of 9 months; and (3) seedling stage: and (3) at the beginning of 9 months, the seedlings enter a rapid growth stage, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is diluted by 1:800 times of the mass ratio, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed once in 15 days until the seedlings bloom.
Fourthly, harvesting: flowering is carried out for 18 days in 11 months, the full-bloom period is carried out in the last ten days of 12 months, the flowering period is about 7-15 days, the average plant height is found to be 92.3cm through investigation, 10 flowers can be grown on each plant on average, the plants are spread out and dried after harvesting in the full-bloom period, weighing is carried out, 3g of dry flowers are produced on each plant in the current year, 30kg of dry flowers are produced per mu, and the plants are cultivated to the second year, 26 flowers are grown on each plant, and 78kg of dry flowers are produced per mu.
The following table 1 is actually measured indexes of the short-petal trollius chinensis in different growth stages of the embodiment, and the table 2 is related indexes of the soil of the embodiment.
TABLE 1 actually measured index of short-petal trollius chinensis in different growth stages
TABLE 2 soil-related indices
Claims (10)
1. A direct seeding planting method for a short-petal trollius chinensis greenhouse in a cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, land finishing: selecting black soil or black calcium soil plots, spreading farmyard manure on the ground surface before ploughing in a greenhouse, applying 200-500 kg of farmyard manure per mu, then shallow ploughing the soil, watering once, raking and leveling the soil, dividing rows according to the width of 60-100 cm, constructing a sowing plot, wherein the row spacing is 10-15 cm, and finishing land preparation;
secondly, sowing: a. firstly, carrying out pregermination treatment on the trollius chinensis seeds, namely putting the fully mature trollius chinensis seeds subjected to water selection into prepared GA with the mass concentration of 1 percent3Soaking the seeds in the solution for 4-6 h, taking out the seeds, repeatedly washing the seeds with water to wash away residual liquid to obtain germinated seeds, then putting the germinated seeds into a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% for disinfection treatment, and airing the seeds at room temperature to obtain disinfected seeds;
b. sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, uniformly stirring the disinfected seeds and fine sand with the mass of 10-20 times, uniformly sowing the seeds in the row section of the first raking step, preparing upper covering soil according to the volume ratio of the black soil, the peat soil and the fine sand being 6:3:1, uniformly covering 0.5-1 cm of upper covering soil after sowing, then treading, replenishing water, watering and permeating water for one time, and then irregularly replenishing water according to the soil moisture status, and controlling the soil moisture content to be 65-85% until emergence of seedlings;
thirdly, seedling management: and (3) seedling stage: removing weeds after emergence of seedlings, spraying a seedling strengthening agent on leaf surfaces after pentagonal basal leaves grow, picking seedlings when the average plant height reaches 5-7 cm, and controlling 90-120 plants/m2Diluting a nitrogen fertilizer by the mass ratio of 1:1000 after seedling picking, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the roots of the short-petal trollius chinensis once a month till the beginning of 9 months; and (3) seedling stage: at the beginning of 9 months, the seedlings enter a rapid growth stage, nitrogen fertilizer is diluted by 1:800 times of the mass ratio, and the seedlings are sprayed for one time within 15-20 days until the seedlings bloom;
fourthly, harvesting: in the middle of 11 months, blooming, in the top of 12 months, the blooming period, and picking up short-petal trollius chinensis.
2. The direct seeding planting method for the greenhouse of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure in the first step is stable manure or compost.
3. The direct seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region in the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of shallow ploughing in the first step is 15-25 cm.
4. The direct seeding planting method for the greenhouse of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein 400kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu in the first step.
5. The direct seeding planting method for the greenhouse of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the rows are divided by 100cm in width, seeding regions are built, and the row spacing is 15 cm.
6. The direct seeding planting method for the greenhouse of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for disinfection in the second step is 30-60 min.
7. The direct seeding planting method for the cold region short-petal trollius chinensis greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the disinfected seeds are uniformly stirred with fine sand with the mass of 20 times.
8. The direct seeding planting method for the greenhouse of the short-petal trollius chinensis in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, after the emergence of the seedlings of the short-petal trollius chinensis, the water supplement amount is reduced, and the soil moisture content is controlled to be 50% -65%.
9. The direct seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis greenhouse in the cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that the seedling strengthening agent in the step three is sodium naphthaleneacetate and potassium indolebutyrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 proportion water dissolution.
10. The direct seeding planting method for the short-petal trollius chinensis greenhouse in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the water supplement is carried out after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2 days.
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| CN112021091A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-04 | 宁夏农林科学院农业生物技术研究中心（宁夏农业生物技术重点实验室） | Direct-seeding planting method for trollius chinensis |
| CN114175975A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-15 | 赤峰学院 | Trollius chinensis planting method for changing winter dormancy characteristic of trollius chinensis |
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| CN105557273A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-11 | 承德天原药业股份有限公司 | Trollflower planting method and trollflowers obtained by planting |
| CN106342519A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 宁夏明德中药饮片有限公司 | Trollius chinensis planting method |
| CN109005735A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-18 | 宁夏农林科学院农业生物技术研究中心（宁夏农业生物技术重点实验室） | A kind of trollflower container seedling culture method |
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