CN109874593A - The garden building method of Yunnan Mountains walnut woods - Google Patents
The garden building method of Yunnan Mountains walnut woods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874593A CN109874593A CN201910340302.6A CN201910340302A CN109874593A CN 109874593 A CN109874593 A CN 109874593A CN 201910340302 A CN201910340302 A CN 201910340302A CN 109874593 A CN109874593 A CN 109874593A
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Abstract
The garden building method of Yunnan Mountains walnut woods, it is characterised in that this method forms the straight ridge by splitting digging year by year along contour between every two rows walnut, splits dig height 5-10cm every year；The low bank of earth between fields smooth table top mellow soil simultaneously is built, is stacked along the head of the ridge and splits the shoveling ridge and arrange the weeds that table top obtains, then the raw-soil part heap for splitting the acquisition of the shoveling ridge is pressed above weeds.Using this method orchard establishment, construction cost is reduced, soil quality is constantly promoted, and smaller to vegetation deterioration and easy recovery, walnut fruit-setting rate generally promotes 12.8%-20%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture forestry planting fields, and in particular to the garden building method of Yunnan Mountains walnut woods.
Background technique
China walnut woods with mainly planting Yushan Hill, the Walnut in Yunnan woods especially in Southwestern China area, but mountainous region is most
There are soil layers, and outstanding problems, the soil remediation such as shallow, barren soil are the key that can hillside orchard realize higher economic benefit.It passes
Mountainous region orchard establishment of uniting usually disposably completes orchard establishment work, and orchard establishment requires step.It requires as far as possible to open up every layer of tableland when orchard establishment
Width opens up longitudinal furrow draining, from top to down with grade elimination, slope inside opener ditch to mitigate rain drop erosion.
Yunnan Mountains are with a varied topography, and the height above sea level height difference at the foot of the hill to mountain top is obvious, cause orchard establishment project amount very big, and conventional
Engineering machinery is difficult to intervene again, causes construction period tediously long, by the artificial disposable walnut woods orchard establishment completed mountainous region and change tableland
Operation, time investment and economic input are high.
On the other hand, Yunnan Mountains soil is usually red soil, and dispersibility is strong, is not easy to flocculate, therefore red soil structure water stability is poor,
Disposable orchard establishment can seriously destroy mountain garden, once into rainy season, the case where soil erosion, is very serious, and the later period needs to repeat to repair
Build the low bank of earth between fields；Yunnan Mountains soil cost is mainly red soil, and iron content, aluminium are relatively more in red soil, belongs to acid soil, fertility is relatively
Difference, soil nutrient elements caused by soil erosion and organic matter leaching loss, can further decrease the fertility of mountain soil in addition, need to be with
When according to the practical growing state rational application of fertilizer of walnut；But water and fertilizer management is also possible to move towards another extremely, in liquid manure abundance
Under conditions of, walnut nutritious growth is excessively vigorous, causes to postpone result or non-result.Need a kind of applicable Yunnan Mountains landform and
The garden building method of the walnut woods of edaphic condition.
Summary of the invention
Traditional mountainous region step orchard establishment strategy there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention proposes a kind of mountain suitable for Yunnan Province
The garden building method of hairyfruit violet herb woods.
Garden building method of the invention is implemented on Yunnan Mountains landform, it is characterised in that:
Mountain soil requires the subacidity soil or sandy loam of soil thickness ﹥ 1.0m, contour is set as spacing in the rows, slope surface is longitudinally set as
Line-spacing requires to plant the Walnut Cultivars, specific steps according to the seeding row spacing of the characteristic of quasi- plantation Walnut Cultivars and cultivation are as follows:
It digs the pool: beating the field planting pool and carry out in winter, dig pool depth are as follows: is 80 centimetres long, 80 centimetres wide, 80 centimetres to 100 centimetres deep, wide
Between 100 centimetres, deeply 100 centimetres；Upper and lower layer soil, which separately pushes away, when digging the pool puts, and upper layer mellow soil is placed on the horizontal direction two sides for planting the pool, under
The layer raw-soil is placed on the direction of fall on the pool, and solarization is not less than 30 days after site preparation.
The advantage that winter digs the pool is that the dry season in the Yunnan Province Zheng Zhi, rainwater are convenient for constructing less at this time, meanwhile, during this
Fine day is more, and illumination abundance is convenient for site preparation solarization.
Fertilising: every kind of one plant of Juglans make base fertilizer with 40-50 kilograms of farmyard manure, and the topsoil obtained with dig reservoir mixes well
After backfill in pool bottom, 3/4 of the pool or so is filled to, then fill out one layer of mellow soil until close with ground level, slightly groove, with benefit product
Water, use when being colonized after backfill.
Since Yunnan red organic matter is usually in 20g/kg hereinafter, humus H/F is 0.3-0.4, the surface layer that dig reservoir obtains
The content of organic matter of soil is highest in soil layer, but the growth of Juglans can't be continued to provide nutrient, then be properly added agriculture
Family's fertilizer is conducive to Juglans regia trees growth period nutrition assurance, and improvement soil texture promotes root system development.
Field planting: field planting operation carries out in spring, selects the excellent grafting of kind, height of seedling 60cm or more, ground diameter 1.5cm with
On, well developed root system, graft union healing is good, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage, and has the grafting of more lateral root and fibrous root, plants
When nursery stock is put to the righting of pool center, allow root system to be sufficiently spread out, not above transferring when all having been buried with fine earth by root system, but having buried soil
Interface gently mentions nursery stock after burying soil, so that its root system is unfolded and is sufficiently combined with soil, steps on when banketing when filling out, until soil
Higher than earth's surface 5-10cm, an annular low bank of earth between fields is built around the pool, watering is after the completion of field planting to guarantee to survive；
It arranges: arranging the low bank of earth between fields and carried out in annual autumn, split digging year by year along contour between every two rows walnut and form the straight ridge, split every year
Dig height 5-10cm；The low bank of earth between fields smooth table top mellow soil simultaneously is built, is stacked along the head of the ridge and is split the shoveling ridge and arrange what table top obtained
Weeds, then the raw-soil part heap for splitting the acquisition of the shoveling ridge is pressed above weeds.Ridge head plane soil presses grass to promote fertilizer year by year, and ridge foot is flat
Retain mellow soil fertilizer conservation in face.
Garden building method core of the invention is that selection autumn arranges soil, and autumn fruit, which has harvested, to be finished, at this time site preparation,
The hibernacle of pest and disease damage in walnut woods can also be removed or be destroyed, mitigates the occurrence degree of coming year Hetaoyuan pest and disease damage significantly: with
For walnut black spot, walnut Alternaria alternata caused occurrence is xanthomonas, and growth optimum temperature is 26.7~32.2 DEG C, and highest is faced
Boundary's temperature is 37.2 DEG C, and minimum critical-temperature is 1.1 DEG C.Germ exposure loses viability in 30~45 minutes in the sun, turns over
The outburst of coming year walnut black spot can be substantially reduced after soil；Again by taking Atrijuglans hetaohei as an example, Atrijuglans hetaohei seriously endangers walnut
Treelet blade and fruit, mature larva are cocoond under tree overwintering in the deep soil layers of 1.5~3 centimetres of native table, and arranging soil can will be young
Worm is exposed to upper soll layer, substantially reduces the survival rate of pest.
The innovative point of the garden building method also resides in the height for splitting the shoveling ridge, this, which splits digging height, need to sufficiently consider labor intensity,
Convenient for implementing in complicated mountain topography, while the floristics in most of mountainous region is retained, original natural vegetation energy
Fast quick-recovery in a short time, maintains ecological environment in mountainous region, effectively avoids water and soil and fertility from being lost, recharging groundwater.Together
When remains pressure grass process in forest land, and fertilizer effect is outer also to have blocked original place table capillary except promoting, and moisture can be effectively suppressed and evaporate,
It is arid to avoid autumn and winter, while Yunnan day and night temperature is big, pressure grass is conducive to keep the soil moisture, improves the survival rate of grafting.
Method for sorting according to the invention implements 3-4, forms walnut plant row in the center of table top, makes entire Hetaoyuan in table top
High outside and low outside ladder type tableland reaches retain water and nutrients prevention and control pest and disease damage, convenient for the purpose of management.
Project amount is dispersed to the several years by the garden building method, reduces construction cost；Secondly, splitting the raw-soil for digging and obtaining every year
Artificially stirred and pressed grass to promote fertilizer, soil-ripening degree is high, and loosing soil, structure is preferable, and soil quality is constantly promoted；Finally,
Small due to splitting earth excavation amount every time, smaller to vegetation deterioration and easy recovery can effectively conserve water and soil and soil fertility.Through trying
It tests, using above-mentioned garden building method, walnut yield generally promotes 12.8%-20%.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: selecting Walnut Cultivars for Yangbi juglans sigillata, plants the Resource in Yangbi County mountain between 1500-2500 meters of height above sea level
Contour is set as spacing in the rows by ground, preferably height above sea level 1900-2200 meters, and specific spacing in the rows is 8 meters, and slope surface is longitudinally set as line-spacing, particular row
Away from being 8 meters, specific orchard establishment step are as follows:
It digs the pool: beating the field planting pool and carry out in winter, dig pool depth are as follows: is 80 centimetres long, 80 centimetres wide, 80 centimetres to 100 centimetres deep, wide
Between 100 centimetres, deeply 100 centimetres；Upper and lower layer soil, which separately pushes away, when digging the pool puts, and upper layer mellow soil is placed on the horizontal direction two sides for planting the pool, under
The layer raw-soil is placed on the direction of fall on the pool, and solarization is not less than 30 days after site preparation.
Fertilising: every kind of one plant of Juglans make base fertilizer with 50 kilograms of farmyard manures, after the topsoil obtained with dig reservoir mixes well
It backfills in pool bottom, is filled to 3/4 of the pool or so, then fill out one layer of mellow soil until close with ground level, slightly groove, with benefit product
Water, use when being colonized after backfill.
Field planting: field planting operation spring carry out, select the excellent grafting of kind, ground diameter 1.5cm or more, height of seedling 60cm with
On, well developed root system, graft union healing is good, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage, has a grafting of more lateral root and fibrous root, when plantation
Nursery stock is put to the righting of pool center, root system is allowed to be sufficiently spread out, not above grafting when all having been buried with fine earth by root system, but having buried soil
Mouthful, nursery stock is gently mentioned after burying soil, so that its root system is unfolded and is sufficiently combined with soil, is stepped on when banketing when filling out, until soil height
In earth's surface 5-10cm, an annular low bank of earth between fields is built around the pool, watering is after the completion of field planting to guarantee to survive；
It arranges: arranging the low bank of earth between fields and carried out in annual autumn, split digging year by year along contour between every two rows walnut and form the straight ridge, split every year
Dig height 10cm；The build low bank of earth between fields while smooth table top mellow soil, stacking splits the shoveling ridge and arranges the miscellaneous of table top acquisition along the head of the ridge
Grass, then the raw-soil part heap for splitting the acquisition of the shoveling ridge is pressed above weeds；Ridge head plane soil presses grass to promote fertilizer, ridge foot plane year by year
Retain mellow soil fertilizer conservation.
Using the above method, single plant yield is high, improves about 12.8%.
Embodiment 2: selecting Walnut Cultivars for three walnuts, plants Dayao County mountainous region between 1600-2400 meters of height above sea level,
Contour is set as spacing in the rows, specific spacing in the rows is 6 meters, and slope surface is longitudinally set as line-spacing, and particular row is away from being 7 meters, specific orchard establishment step are as follows:
It digs the pool: beating the field planting pool and carry out in winter, dig pool depth are as follows: is 80 centimetres long, 80 centimetres wide, 80 centimetres to 100 centimetres deep, wide
Between 100 centimetres, deeply 100 centimetres；Upper and lower layer soil, which separately pushes away, when digging the pool puts, and upper layer mellow soil is placed on the horizontal direction two sides for planting the pool, under
The layer raw-soil is placed on the direction of fall on the pool, and solarization is not less than 30 days after site preparation.
Fertilising: every kind of one plant of Juglans make base fertilizer with 40 kilograms of farmyard manures, after the topsoil obtained with dig reservoir mixes well
It backfills in pool bottom, is filled to 3/4 of the pool or so, then fill out one layer of mellow soil until close with ground level, slightly groove, with benefit product
Water, use when being colonized after backfill.
Field planting: field planting operation carries out in spring, selects the excellent grafting of kind, ground diameter 1.5cm, height of seedling 60cm or more, root
System is flourishing, and graft union healing is good, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage, there is a grafting of more lateral root and fibrous root, by seedling when plantation
Wood is put to the righting of pool center, and root system is allowed to be sufficiently spread out, and has all been buried root system with fine earth, but not above graft union when burying soil,
Nursery stock is gently mentioned after burying soil, so that its root system is unfolded and is sufficiently combined with soil, is stepped on when banketing when filling out, until soil is above Ground
Table 5-10cm builds an annular low bank of earth between fields around the pool, and watering is after the completion of field planting to guarantee to survive；
It arranges: arranging the low bank of earth between fields and carried out in annual autumn, split digging year by year along contour between every two rows walnut and form the straight ridge, split every year
Dig height 5cm；The build low bank of earth between fields while smooth table top mellow soil, stacking splits the shoveling ridge and arranges the miscellaneous of table top acquisition along the head of the ridge
Grass, then the raw-soil part heap for splitting the acquisition of the shoveling ridge is pressed above weeds.Ridge head plane soil presses grass to promote fertilizer, ridge foot plane year by year
Retain mellow soil fertilizer conservation.
Using the above method, single plant yield is high, improves about 20%.
Claims (1)
1. the garden building method of the mountainous region walnut woods of Yunnan Province, it is characterised in that:
Mountain soil requires the subacidity soil or sandy loam of soil thickness ﹥ 1.0m, contour is set as spacing in the rows, slope surface is longitudinally set as
Line-spacing requires to plant the Walnut Cultivars, specific steps according to the seeding row spacing of the characteristic of quasi- plantation walnut kind product and cultivation are as follows:
It digs the pool: beating the field planting pool and carry out in winter, dig pool depth are as follows: is 80 centimetres long, 80 centimetres wide, 80 centimetres to 100 centimetres deep, wide
Between 100 centimetres, deeply 100 centimetres；Upper and lower layer soil, which separately pushes away, when digging the pool puts, and upper layer mellow soil is placed on the horizontal direction two sides for planting the pool, under
The layer raw-soil is placed on the direction of fall on the pool, and solarization is not less than 30 days after site preparation；
Fertilising: every kind of one plant of Juglans make base fertilizer with 40-50 kilograms of farmyard manure, and the topsoil obtained with dig reservoir returns after mixing well
Pool bottom is filled in, is filled to 3/4 of the pool or so, then fills out one layer of mellow soil until close with ground level, slightly groove, with sharp ponding,
Use when being colonized after backfill；
Field planting: field planting operation carries out in spring, selects the excellent grafting of kind, ground diameter 1.5cm, height of seedling 60cm or more, root system hair
Reach, interface healing is good, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage, have a grafting of more lateral root and fibrous root, when plantation by nursery stock put to
The righting of pool center, allows root system to be sufficiently spread out, not above graft union when all having been buried with fine earth by root system, but having buried soil, after burying soil
Nursery stock is gently mentioned, so that its root system is unfolded and is sufficiently combined with soil, is stepped on when banketing when filling out, until soil is higher than earth's surface 5-
10cm builds an annular low bank of earth between fields around the pool, and watering is after the completion of field planting to guarantee to survive；
It arranges: arranging the low bank of earth between fields and carried out in annual autumn, split digging year by year along contour between every two rows walnut and form the straight ridge, split every year
Dig height 5-10cm；The low bank of earth between fields smooth table top mellow soil simultaneously is built, is stacked along the head of the ridge and is split the shoveling ridge and arrange what table top obtained
Weeds, then the raw-soil part heap for splitting the acquisition of the shoveling ridge is pressed above weeds；Ridge head plane soil presses grass to promote fertilizer year by year, and ridge foot is flat
Retain mellow soil fertilizer conservation in face.
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| CN201910340302.6A CN109874593A (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | The garden building method of Yunnan Mountains walnut woods |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114916367A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Slope soil preparation method for planting of mountain tung tree |
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| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
| CN108739009A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 徐州瑞龙核桃科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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2019
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Patent Citations (2)
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| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
| CN108739009A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 徐州瑞龙核桃科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114916367A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Slope soil preparation method for planting of mountain tung tree |
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Application publication date: 20190614 |