CN109845502A - A method of stock grafting ilex verticillata is made with Chinese holly - Google Patents
A method of stock grafting ilex verticillata is made with Chinese holly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of method for making stock grafting ilex verticillata with Chinese holly, provides a kind of expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata, which is characterized in that it is the engrafting method that ilex verticillata branch is grafted using Chinese holly as stock.Method of the invention is easy to operate, high survival rate, has expanded the breeding practice of ilex verticillata; it compensates for because ilex verticillata itself breeds more difficult status, stock is easy to get, at low cost; make it possible ilex verticillata large-scale production, market can be alleviated to the needs of problems of ilex verticillata.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to xylophyta seedling reproduction technique fields, and in particular to one kind makees the stock grafting North America winter with Chinese holly
Green method.
Background technique
Chinese holly (Ilex cornuia) be also referred to as Ilex pernyi, tiger thorn etc., Aquifoliaceae Ilex (Ilex linn.) perennial
Evergreen shrubs or dungarunga.Originate in Central China, In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.Plant height 3-5m；Single leaf alternate, blackish green, apex has
Respectively there are a spine in three hard ratchets, two sides, and five stab outer warp；Spend cream-coloured, the month at florescence 4-5；Fruit subcircular is dark when mature
Red, fruiting period November to next year 2 months.Chinese holly is that Chinese Pharmacopoeia collects kind, and root, bark, leaf and fruit can be used as medicine, and have and mend
Liver kidney-nourishing, dispelling wind and heat and other effects.Chinese holly can be bred by sowing and cuttage mode.Chinese holly seed dormancy phase is longer, and one
As need cold stratification.Cuttage is the main mode of reproduction of Chinese holly, generally carries out cuttage, cuttage using spray in the 5-6 month
Survival rate is higher, does stock use suitable for extensive cuttage.
Ilex verticillata (Ilex verticillata) it is also referred to as verticillate Chinese ilex, white holly, Aquifoliaceae Ilex (Ilex linn.) perennial machaka, originate in Northeastern United States.Plant height 2-4m；Single leaf alternate, green, ovate-elliptic, while having hard
Tooth；Grey color, the month at florescence 5-6；Fruit subcircular is gorgeous red when mature, March in fruiting period October to next year.Ilex verticillata is suitable
Ying Xingguang, contamination resistance is stronger, has been widely used on gardens, can be used for street, roadside, factories and miness area Lutao etc.
Greening, yard beautification, room potting etc.；The fruit of beautiful beauty is overworked after winter branch fallen leaves, it is deep to be liked by compatriots.
In recent years, domestic to cut branch from a large amount of ilex verticillata finished products of external import every year, flowers market is launched, profit on sales is rich
Thickness, good market prospect.But it is found during the introducing and planting of ilex verticillata, seed germination rate is low and breeding cycle is long；Skewer
Slotting rooting rate is low, and cuttings is perishable；Tissue culture propagation higher cost, and early investment is big, technical requirements are higher.Therefore ilex verticillata
Existing mode of reproduction, such as sowing, cuttage, tissue culture mode, because the period is longer, technical requirements are high or cost input it is larger these because
Element limits the popularization and application of ilex verticillata.
Propagation by grafiting is that one of the main path of nursery stock production is solved in current industry.Through document Investigation, find to close at present
It is also rarely reported in the research of ilex verticillata grafting and breeding mode.Therefore, a kind of North America winter is introduced the present invention is directed to systematic
Green propagation by grafiting scheme, while a kind of preparation method of grafting promotion liquid being provided, to improve graft survival rate.
Summary of the invention
It it is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of prior art, completes, and provides on the basis of years of researches are explored
One kind is simple, easy, easily healing, high survival rate, labor efficiency is high at the injured light, grafting of stock, and the practical easy North America winter
Green expanding propagation method.
In this regard, the present invention provides a kind of expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata, it is to graft ilex verticillata using Chinese holly as stock
The engrafting method of branch.Preferably, wherein ilex verticillata is preferably with 1 year using the cuttage seeding of 2-3 raw Chinese holly as stock
Raw branch makees scion, preferably stays bud 2-3.
By further studying, more preferably embodiment is obtained further.
Further, it is carried out when grafting time is mid-February to the late March selection cloudy day or suitable temperature, and on March
Ten days and the middle ten days are more preferably.
Wherein engrafting method is more conducive to surviving for ilex verticillata grafting, preferably cut-grafting method using cut-grafting method.
Preferably, especially had before grafting using the aqueous solution soaking scion containing NAA or 6-BA and thiophanate methyl
Conducive to grafting successfully.When using NAA, depth 10ppm, effect is best；When using 6-BA, depth 10-20ppm,
It is preferably 5ppm.On the whole, NAA is better than 6-BA.And thiophanate methyl depth is preferably 800ppm.Wherein, and to use
The aqueous solution soaking scion of the thiophanate methyl of the NAA and 800ppm of 10ppm is conducive to surviving for grafting.Soaking time 2-8
Minute, preferably 5 minutes.It is shown experimentally that, soaking step enables to the survival rate of grafting to significantly improve.
Further, it is preferable that build shading shed in managing after grafting and the survival rate of grafting is significantly improved, and hide
Screened postive shading rate is 30-80%, preferably 40-60%, most preferably 50%.For very fast if the temperature rises after grafting, so that it may
To take 2 meters of high shading sheds on grafting ground, sunshade net shading rate is 50%.
More specifically technical solution is as follows:
The stock, the Chinese holly cuttage seeding for selecting 2-3 raw, selects plant disease-free, that growing way is excellent in Chinese holly cuttage nursery,
Apart from ground 8-10cm, the position to be grafted that diameter is 1.5-2cm is cut into smooth section, selection on one side with grafting knife from upper and
Under, vertical notch of the longitudinal sectional road length 1.5-2cm as deep as xylem.
The scion selects the annual branch of ilex verticillata, the scion of a length of 5-8cm is cut into shrub and hedge trimmer, stays bud 2-3
It is a.Upper cut truncation, seals with wax, and terminal bud is away from upper cut 0.5cm, and the beveling of lower cut 45° angle, a length of 1.5-2cm of scarf, opposite side exists
Xylem is cut to the inclined-plane of 0.5cm long, and section requires to keep smooth neat.
It in the grafting procedures, by the inclined-plane of scion close to the xylem of stock, is slowly inserted into, and guarantees between the two
Forming layer alignment.It is tightened later with grafting dedicated transparent film and encapsulates entire grafting part.
In the managing after grafting, it is also noted that moisturizing prevents mechanical damage, pays attention to observation maintenance.Trimming stock in time
The twig grown guarantees the apical dominance of scion.30d after grafting, observation survive situation, and the timely benefit not survived connects, to improve
Stock utilization rate.After grafting when 35-45d, preferably 40d, transparent membrane is removed, to guarantee the healthy growth of grafting, is transferred
After connecing 60 days, survival rate, the timely removing nursery not survived are counted.
The present invention provides one kind using Chinese holly as stock by research and probe, using ilex verticillata as scion, expands numerous North America winter
Green method；Links therein are furtherd investigate in research process, further obtain more preferably operating procedure,
So that the survival rate of grafting further increases.It is provided by the invention using Chinese holly be the scion of stock grafting ilex verticillata side
Method compensates for because ilex verticillata itself breeds more difficult status, can alleviate the problem of market is to ilex verticillata demand.This hair
Bright method is easy to operate, high survival rate, has expanded the breeding practice of ilex verticillata, has improved economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention is described further.Following embodiments be on the basis of desk study,
It is targetedly studied and is verified, wherein each embodiment is exploring one or two variable to grafting shoot survival percent
It influences, to find preferred embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, grafting time is set separately in late Febuary, early March, mid-March, late March, early April and mid-April, in yin
It is carried out when it or temperature are lower.
2, the branch of annual ilex verticillata is selected in scion, is cut into 2-3 5-8cm long, band bud.
3, stock is respectively 2 years raw Chinese hollys or European Chinese ilex container seedling, each 100 basin.Before grafting, apart from ground 8-
At 10cm, smooth section is cut out with pruning.It is required that: it grows fine, no disease and pests harm.
4, grafting method is cut-grafting method: indulging partial application, a length of 1.5-2cm, as deep as xylem downwards from one side of stock
Notch；It seals with wax after scion upper cut truncation, the inclined-plane that the beveling of lower cut side is 1.5-2cm long, opposite side is cut in xylem
The inclined-plane of 0.5cm long, section require to keep smooth neat.2-3 bud is stayed above long section, top cut away is away from bud 0.5cm.
5, it grafts: scion being carefully inserted into the notch of stock, and at least guarantee the forming layer alignment on one side.After connecting
Grafting part is tightly wrapped up with grafting special plastic film, notices that stock section also will carefully wrap up, prevents and treats moisture loss.
6, managing after grafting: shading screen is not built on grafting ground.Grafting scion germination is observed after grafting when 30d
Rate.After grafting when 40d, carefully the transparent membrane of grafting survival plant is removed with grafting knife, the health to ensure grafting is raw
It is long, the grafting survived is counted after grafting when 60d.
The selection of 1 grafting time of table
From upper table it can be concluded that, using Chinese holly as stock in different grafting times all prior to European Chinese ilex；From when grafting
Between from the point of view of, the March be better than February and April, wherein again with the first ten-day period of the March and the middle ten days it is more preferable.In addition, the cuttage of European Chinese ilex
Survival rate is also low compared with Chinese holly, therefore selects Chinese holly as stock, and the first tenday period of a month grafting is more suitable for the grafting of ilex verticillata in three months.
Embodiment 2
1, grafting time is selected as early March, carries out when cloudy day or temperature are lower.
2, the branch of annual ilex verticillata is selected in scion, is cut into 2-3 5-8cm long, band bud.
3, respectively in Chinese holly and European Chinese ilex cuttage nursery, it is raw that life in 2 years, triennial and 4 years the selection of stock: are selected
Each 100 basin of container seedling at the 8-10cm of ground, cuts out smooth section with pruning before grafting.It is required that: it grows fine, nothing
Pest and disease damage.
4, cleft graft and cut-grafting method the selection of grafting method: is respectively adopted；
Cleft graft: from the vertical partial application downwards of stock center, a length of 1.5-2cm；It seals with wax after scion upper cut truncation, lower cut is cut to
1.5-2cm long, tapered ramp wide outside and narrow inside, section require to keep smooth neat.2-3 bud, top are stayed above tapered ramp
Notch is away from bud 0.5cm.
Cut-grafting method: partial application, a length of 1.5-2cm, as deep as the notch of xylem are indulged downwards from one side of stock；It is cut in scion
It seals with wax after mouth truncation, it is 1.5-2cm long that lower cut, which cuts side beveling, and opposite side is cut to the inclined-plane of 0.5cm long in xylem, and section is wanted
Ask holding smooth neat.2-3 bud is stayed above long section, top cut away is away from bud 0.5cm.
5, it grafts: scion being carefully inserted into the notch of stock, and at least guarantee the forming layer alignment on one side.After connecting
Grafting part is tightly wrapped up with grafting special plastic film, notices that stock section also will carefully wrap up, prevents and treats moisture loss.
6, managing after grafting: shading screen is not built on grafting ground.Grafting scion germination is observed after grafting when 30d
Rate.After grafting when 40d, carefully the transparent membrane of grafting survival plant is removed with grafting knife, the health to ensure grafting is raw
It is long, the grafting survived is counted after grafting when 60d.
The selection of 2 stock of table and grafting method
It can be concluded that, it is higher than from upper table by the graft survival rate of stock of Chinese holly using European Chinese ilex as the grafting survival of stock
Rate.Cut-grafting method is more suitable for the grafting of ilex verticillata, and survival rate is higher.2-3 raw Chinese holly does stock grafting survival rate and is higher than
4-5 raw stock.And 2-3 raw stock is easier to obtain.Therefore, selection 2-3 raw Chinese holly does stock, using cut-grafting
Method is more conducive to surviving for ilex verticillata grafting.
Embodiment 3
1, grafting time is selected as early March, carries out when cloudy day or temperature are lower.
2, selecting 2 years raw Chinese hollys is stock, before grafting, at the 8-10cm of ground, cuts out smooth section with pruning.
It is required that: it grows fine, no disease and pests harm.
3, grafting method is cut-grafting method: indulging partial application, a length of 1.5-2cm, as deep as xylem downwards from one side of stock
Notch.
4, the selection of ilex verticillata scion: annotinous branch and biennial branch are selected in scion respectively.
5, scion the processing of scion: is cut into 5-8cm long, 2-3 bud of band respectively；Or 4-5 10-12cm long, band bud.It connects
It seals with wax after fringe upper cut truncation, the inclined-plane that the beveling of lower cut side is 1.5-2cm long, opposite side is cut to 0.5cm's long in xylem
Inclined-plane, section require to keep smooth neat.2-3 bud or 4-5 bud are stayed respectively above long section, and top cut away is away from bud 0.5cm.
6, it grafts: scion being carefully inserted into the notch of stock, and at least guarantee the forming layer alignment on one side.After connecting
Grafting part is tightly wrapped up with grafting special plastic film, notices that stock section also will carefully wrap up, prevents and treats moisture loss.
7, managing after grafting: shading screen is not built on grafting ground.Grafting scion germination is observed after grafting when 30d
Rate.After grafting when 40d, carefully the transparent membrane of grafting survival plant is removed with grafting knife, the health to ensure grafting is raw
It is long, the grafting survived is counted after grafting when 60d.
The selection and processing of 3 scion of table
It can be concluded that, scion is done from upper table with annual ilex verticillata branch, survival rate will be apparently higher than biennial branch.
In addition, the scion of 5-7cm and there are when 2-3 bud graft shoot survival percent it is higher.Therefore, by annual ilex verticillata branch,
Being truncated into 5-7cm length stays 2-3 bud to be more advantageous to surviving for grafting.
Embodiment 4
1, grafting time is selected as early March, carries out when cloudy day or temperature are lower.
2, selecting 2 years raw Chinese hollys is stock, before grafting, at the 8-10cm of ground, cuts out smooth section with pruning.
It is required that: it grows fine, no disease and pests harm.
3, the branch of annual ilex verticillata is selected in scion, is cut into 2-3 5-8cm long, band bud.
4, grafting method is cut-grafting method: indulging partial application, a length of 1.5-2 cm, as deep as xylem downwards from one side of stock
Notch.Select annual scion, 2-3 bud of band；It seals with wax after scion upper cut truncation, top cut away is away from bud 0.5cm, lower cut
The inclined-plane that side beveling is 1.5-2cm long, opposite side are cut to the inclined-plane of 0.5cm long in xylem, and section requires to keep smooth neat.
5, after scion is ready to, grafting is immersed into grafting side and is promoted in liquid, soak is aqueous solution, wherein the hormone contained
NAA and 6-BA is selected respectively, and concentration is respectively 5ppm, 10ppm and 20ppm；Thiophanate methyl concentration is respectively 0 and 800ppm
(table 4).The hanging 15-20min that places of taking-up controls surplus liquid after impregnating 5min.
6, it grafts: scion being carefully inserted into the notch of stock, and at least guarantee the forming layer alignment on one side.After connecting
Grafting part is tightly wrapped up with grafting special plastic film, notices that stock section also will carefully wrap up, prevents and treats moisture loss.
7, managing after grafting: shading screen is not built on grafting ground.Grafting scion germination is observed after grafting when 30d
Rate.After grafting when 40d, carefully the transparent membrane of grafting survival plant is removed with grafting knife, the health to ensure grafting is raw
It is long, the grafting survived is counted after grafting when 60d.
The grafting of table 4 promotes the allocation plan of liquid
It can be concluded that, surviving for grafting is more advantageous to as promotion liquor ratio 6-BA using NAA from upper table.Thiophanate methyl can be with
Effective sterilizing, prevents and treats infecting for pathogen, improves graft survival rate.Therefore, using the methyl of the NAA of 10ppm and 800ppm
Thiophanate is cooked grafting and liquid is promoted to be readily apparent that be conducive to surviving for grafting.
Embodiment 5
1, grafting time is selected as early March, carries out when cloudy day or temperature are lower.
2, selecting 2 years raw Chinese hollys is stock, before grafting, at the 8-10cm of ground, cuts out smooth section with pruning.
It is required that: it grows fine, no disease and pests harm.
3, the branch of annual ilex verticillata is selected in scion, is truncated into 2-3 5-8cm long, band bud.
4, grafting method selects cut-grafting method: indulging partial application, a length of 1.5-2cm, as deep as xylem downwards from one side of stock
Notch.Select annual scion, 2-3 bud of band；It seals with wax after scion upper cut truncation, top cut away is away from bud 0.5cm, incision
The inclined-plane that the beveling of mouth side is 1.5-2cm long, opposite side are cut to the inclined-plane of 0.5cm long in xylem, and section requires to keep smoothly whole
Together.
5, after scion is ready to, grafting is immersed into grafting side and is promoted in liquid, the soak are as follows: 10ppmNAA,
800ppm thiophanate methyl is dissolved in water.The hanging 15-20min that places of taking-up controls surplus liquid after impregnating 5min.
6, it grafts: scion being carefully inserted into the notch of stock, and at least guarantee the forming layer alignment on one side.After connecting
Grafting part is tightly wrapped up with grafting special plastic film, notices that stock section also will carefully wrap up, prevents and treats moisture loss.
7, it managing after grafting: selects not build shading screen on grafting ground or builds light transmittance as 50% or 75% shade
Net.Grafting scion germination percentage is observed after grafting when 30d.After grafting when 40d or so, with grafting knife carefully by grafting survival plant
Transparent membrane removal the grafting that survives is counted after grafting when 60d to ensure the healthy growth of grafting.
5 managing after grafting of table
Through upper table it is found that in managing after grafting, for not building shading shed, transferred building shading shed and being more advantageous to
Seedlings picking survives, and shading rate be 50% when effect will more preferably when 75% effect.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata, which is characterized in that it is to graft ilex verticillata branch using Chinese holly as stock
Engrafting method.
2. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that made with the cuttage seeding of the raw Chinese holly of 2-3
For stock.
3. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the annual branch of ilex verticillata connects
Fringe preferably stays bud 2-3.
4. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that grafting time is in 2 months
Ten days to late March selects to carry out when cloudy day or suitable temperature, is more preferably grafted in early March and the middle ten days；Preferably,
Middle engrafting method uses cut-grafting method.
5. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that use and contain before grafting
There is the aqueous solution soaking scion of NAA or 6-BA and thiophanate methyl, preferably NAA depth is 10ppm；6-BA depth is
10-20ppm is more preferably 5ppm；Thiophanate methyl depth is 600-1000ppm, preferably 800ppm；Most preferably use
The aqueous solution soaking scion of the thiophanate methyl of the NAA and 800ppm of 10ppm；Soaking time 2-8 minutes, preferably 5 minutes.
6. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that in managing after grafting
Shading shed is built, the shading rate of sunshade net is 30-80%, preferably 40-60%；Preferably 2 meters of height are taken on grafting ground
Shading shed.
7. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the Root-stock selection exists
Apart from ground 8-10cm, diameter is that the position to be grafted of 1.5-2cm is cut into smooth section, selection on one side with grafting knife from upper and
Under, vertical notch of the longitudinal sectional road length 1.5-2cm as deep as xylem.
8. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that scion selection north
The U.S. annual branch of Chinese ilex, the scion of a length of 5-8cm is cut into shrub and hedge trimmer, stays bud 2-3；Upper cut truncation, seals with wax, terminal bud
Away from upper cut 0.5cm, the beveling of lower cut 45° angle, a length of 1.5-2cm of scarf, opposite side is cut to the oblique of 0.5cm long in xylem
Face, section are smoothly neat.
9. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that in the grafting procedures, by scion
The xylem of inclined-plane close to stock is inserted into, and is tightened later with grafting dedicated transparent film and is encapsulated entire grafting part.
10. the expanding propagation method of ilex verticillata as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the managing after grafting
In, the twig that stock is grown is trimmed in time, guarantees the apical dominance of scion；It will be transparent when 35-45 d, preferably 40d after grafting
Film removal.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114557204A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-31 | 甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所 | Sorbus pohuashanensis grafting method |
| CN116530348A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-08-04 | 永仁远南农业综合开发有限公司 | Rapid propagation method for female-promoting fruiting of Holly in North America |
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