CN109836194A - A kind of edible mushroom efficient antipollution compost and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of edible mushroom efficient antipollution compost and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of edible mushroom efficient antipollution composts and preparation method.It mainly include muck, calcium superphosphate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, crops puffing straw, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.Optimization further includes biological activated carbon.Crops stalk crushing in preparation method, adds water to squirt, high temperature extrusion extruding, and the crops puffing straw after curing is mixed with unclassified stores, then ferments.The special nutrient source accumulation for being conducive to hypha of edible fungus growth in the efficient antipollution compost of the edible mushroom prepared is one times more；Free ammonia, which reduces by 50%, miscellaneous bacteria pest, in expecting reduces by 50%；Fruiting time shifts to an earlier date 10 days or so；Volume increase 20% or so.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, in particular to a kind of edible mushroom efficient antipollution compost and system
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Edible mushroom is the important industrial crops in China, edible value with higher.To make edible mushroom promote growth, anti-pollution
The use of dye, pesticide, chemical fertilizer becomes a kind of normality, and the production-increasing function of FAO data statistics, chemical fertilizer accounts for the 30- of crop yield
50%.Long-term a large amount of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizer, ensure that the stable yields of crops increases income within one period to a certain extent, but also by
A series of the problem of this causes serious ecological environment problems and influences human health.Above-mentioned problem is solved, both can guarantee farming
The stable yields of object increases income, and does not destroy ecological environment and influence human health, and social, economic, ecological tripartite's benefit may be implemented
Benign cycle.
The bacteria residue for cultivating edible mushroom is now widely used for cultivating another edible mushroom, first is that because different edible mushrooms benefit
Different with the nutrient of compost, second is that compost is degraded by mushroom, soluble nutrient therein is increased.Edible fungus culturing work
Skill process is general are as follows: fermentation → mushroom house disinfection → indoor secondary fermentation → bacterium outside the selection of compost and preparation → compost room
Kind sowing → bacterium germination period management → earthing → water transfer fruiting → fruiting period management → harvesting.Compost is full of nutrition, mushroom production
Speed is fast, improves mushroom production capacity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is researching and developing a kind of edible mushroom efficient antipollution compost and preparation method thereof, replacing fertilizer and
Pesticide provides comprehensive nutrition required for edible fungi growth by the effect with soil, under pollution-free environment, promotes
Edible fungi growth.
A kind of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: the efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower component:
Muck, calcium superphosphate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, crops puffing straw, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue；
The parts by weight of its each component are as follows: 31 ~ 40 parts of muck, 2 ~ 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone 2 ~ 8
Part, 5 ~ 10 parts of land plaster, 10 ~ 15 parts of crops puffing straw, 10 ~ 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.
Optimization of the invention, component further include biological activated carbon, the weight percent of the total compost of biological activated carbon Zhan
The 10% ~ 15% of content.
The preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of any one edible mushroom described above, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower operating process:
(1) crops stalk crushing adds water to squirt and reaches humidity 60% ~ 70%, the agriculture by high temperature extrusion extruding, after being cured
Crop puffing straw；
The crops stalk crushing refers to that the agricultural crop straw 1 ~ 10cm that cuts into chunks is spare；
The Condition for expansion that the extruding squeezes is 0.5~2 MPa of pressure, 130 ~ 200 DEG C of temperature；
(2) stock up: each component is mixed according to following parts by weight:
According to 20 ~ 30 parts of straw, 31 ~ 40 parts of muck, 2 ~ 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 2 ~ 8 parts of pulverized limestone, gypsum
Powder 5 ~ 10,10 ~ 15 parts of crops puffing straw, 10 ~ 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue；
(3) ferment: the fermentation refers to that mixed each component builds heap fermentation 20 at water content 50% ~ 70%, 50 ~ 70 DEG C of temperature
~ 35 days.
Optimization of the invention, mixed biologic active carbon: mixed biologic active carbon, bioactivity in the compost after fermentation
Charcoal accounts for the 10% ~ 15% of the weight percentage of compost.
Further, the fermentation includes that three steps are fermented:
First step fermentation: it prewets including material, build heap and turning three phases, need altogether 11 ~ 17 days；
It is that mixed solid material is smashed that material, which is prewetted, adds water to humidity 50% ~ 55%, and temperature maintains 50 ~ 60 DEG C；
Building heap is that heap is 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters high, 2 ~ 2.5 meters wide, and heap top is in curvature of the spinal column type, the Compost moisture content control after building heap 60% ~
70%, PH8 ~ 8.5；
Turning: for material heap after fever in a few days, internal and external temperature, moisture difference are big, carry out turning, re-mix；During fermentation
Turning 2 ~ 5 times, control compost PH7.0-8.5, water content 60 ~ 70%, 50 ~ 60 DEG C of temperature；
Second step fermentation: the compost after first step fermentation moves into mushroom shed, is heated up, constant temperature, cooling three phases, need 4 altogether ~
7 days；
Temperature rise period is material heap temperature to be risen to 58 ~ 62 DEG C, and kept for 12 ~ 14 hours；
The constant temperature stage is kept for 4-6 days by aeration-cooling to 52 ~ 54 DEG C；
Temperature-fall period is that material temperature is down to 28 DEG C or less；
Third step fermentation: closed mushroom shed again, heating, material temperature maintain 48 ~ 52 DEG C, and fermentation is not less than 48 hours, opens door and window
Ventilation, use when material temperature maintains 28 DEG C or less.
Further, in order to increase build heap after compost gas permeability, on earth, material heap covers guarantor with straw screen or mat for punching among material heap
It is wet, rainy day rain-proof plastic.
Agricultural crop straw of the present invention includes the straws such as straw, corn stover, broomcorn straw.
The operation principle of the present invention is that: when Compost fermentation, high temperature microbe breeding can decompose a large amount of carbon nutritions, generate
Big energy, a portion energy are needed for the breeding of microorganism own growth, and most of energy is discharged in the form of thermal energy
It goes out, and nitrogen nutrition is converted into mycoprotein and keeps down.If nitrogen is very few in compost, the matter of mushroom can be significantly affected
Amount will lead to fruiting difficulty, while also increasing kind of a mushroom cost, cause unnecessary waste if nitrogen is excessive, so grasping one
Fixed amount of element is than critically important.The composition of antipollution material is also noted that in compost.Edible fungus culturing mode mainly has at present
Clinker cultivation, semi-mature material cultivation, cultivation in raw material.Antipollution method is that clinker cultivation must be in nothing in these planting types
It is inoculated under the conditions of bacterium, low temperature etc., and wants low temperature long time cultivation.The use of this efficient antipollution compost, can reach green
Color production, efficiently production, and can be at low cost, pollution-free.
Crops puffing straw is more satisfactory cultivation main material, it is considered that the content of organics of dry rice straw is
78.6%, the content of soluble saccharide 36.9%, potassium and phosphorus is respectively 0.11% and 0.85%, and crops puffing straw is by crude fibre
Become Soluble Fiber, is easier to be decomposed with conventional agricultural crop straw comparison nutriment, absorb.
Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue: the pleurotus eryngii fruiting time is short, there is a large amount of still unused nutrition by mycelia decomposition in bacteria residue,
Such as mycoprotein abundant, nitrogen source and carbon source.Use Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue as raw material, both realize waste residue problem of complex utilization,
Reduce pollution, and full of nutrition, promotes the growth of mycelia and fructification.
The present invention has the advantage that and positive has the technical effect that the edible mushroom prepared in efficient antipollution compost
The special nutrient source accumulation for being conducive to hypha of edible fungus growth is more, detects amino acid (glutamic acid, asparagine containing 0.5%
Acid, arginine etc.), 0.03% vitamin, additionally detect a variety of inorganic elements: silicon, manganese, aluminium, zinc, barium, chromium, magnesium, iron
Deng；The edible mushroom compost that relatively conventional method is prepared, free ammonia reduce 50%；Miscellaneous bacteria pest reduces by 90%；Fruiting time
10 days or so in advance；Volume increase 20% or so.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the technical means, creative features, achievement of purpose and effectiveness of the invention easy to understand, now in conjunction with specific
The present invention is further elaborated in embodiment.
Specific embodiment one:
The efficient antipollution compost of a kind of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including following component:
Muck, calcium superphosphate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, crops puffing straw, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue；
The parts by weight of its each component are as follows: 35 parts of muck, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 8 parts of pulverized limestone, land plaster 10
Part, 12 parts of crops puffing straw, 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.
Specific embodiment two:
The efficient antipollution compost of a kind of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including following component:
Muck, calcium superphosphate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, crops puffing straw, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, bioactivity
Charcoal；
The parts by weight of its each component are as follows: 40 parts of muck, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 8 parts of pulverized limestone, land plaster 6
Part, 13 parts of crops puffing straw, 11 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.The 10% of the weight percentage of the total compost of biological activated carbon Zhan ~
15%。
Specific embodiment three:
A kind of preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including following operating process:
(1) crops stalk crushing adds water to squirt and reaches humidity 60% ~ 70%, the agriculture by high temperature extrusion extruding, after being cured
Crop puffing straw；
The crops stalk crushing refers to that the agricultural crop straw 1 ~ 10cm that cuts into chunks is spare；
The Condition for expansion that the extruding squeezes is 0.5~2 MPa of pressure, 130 ~ 200 DEG C of temperature；
(2) stock up: each component is mixed according to following parts by weight:
According to 22 parts of straw, 31 parts of muck, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 7 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 4 parts of pulverized limestone, land plaster 5, crops are swollen
Change 10 parts of stalk, 12 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.
(3) ferment: the fermentation refers to that mixed each component builds heap hair at water content 50% ~ 70%, 50 ~ 70 DEG C of temperature
Ferment 20 ~ 35 days.
The fermentation includes that three steps are fermented:
First step fermentation: it prewets including material, build heap and turning three phases, need altogether 11 ~ 17 days；
It is that mixed solid material is smashed that material, which is prewetted, adds water to humidity 50% ~ 55%, and temperature maintains 50 ~ 60 DEG C；
Building heap is that heap is 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters high, 2 ~ 2.5 meters wide, and heap top is in curvature of the spinal column type, the Compost moisture content control after building heap 60% ~
70%, PH8 ~ 8.5；
Turning: for material heap after fever in a few days, internal and external temperature, moisture difference are big, carry out turning, re-mix；During fermentation
Turning 2 ~ 5 times, control compost PH7.0-8.5, water content 60 ~ 70%, 50 ~ 60 DEG C of temperature.
Second step fermentation: the compost after first step fermentation moves into mushroom shed, is heated up, constant temperature, cooling three phases, altogether
It needs 4 ~ 7 days；
Temperature rise period is material heap temperature to be risen to 58 ~ 62 DEG C, and kept for 12 ~ 14 hours；
The constant temperature stage is kept for 4-6 days by aeration-cooling to 52 ~ 54 DEG C；
Temperature-fall period is that material temperature is down to 28 DEG C or less.
Third step fermentation: closed mushroom shed again, heating, material temperature maintain 48 ~ 52 DEG C, and fermentation is not less than 48 hours, opens
Door and window ventilation, use when material temperature maintains 28 DEG C or less.
In order to increase build heap after compost gas permeability, on earth, material heap covers moisturizing, rainy day with straw screen or mat for punching among material heap
Use rain-proof plastic.
Agricultural crop straw of the present invention includes the straws such as straw, corn stover, broomcorn straw.
Specific embodiment four:
A kind of preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including following operating process:
(1) crops stalk crushing adds water to squirt and reaches humidity 60% ~ 70%, the agriculture by high temperature extrusion extruding, after being cured
Crop puffing straw；
The crops stalk crushing refers to that the agricultural crop straw 1 ~ 10cm that cuts into chunks is spare；
The Condition for expansion that the extruding squeezes is 0.5~2MPa of pressure, 130 ~ 200 DEG C of temperature；
(2) stock up: each component is mixed according to following parts by weight:
According to 28 parts of straw, 32 parts of muck, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3 parts of pulverized limestone, land plaster 7, crops are swollen
Change 12 parts of stalk, 12 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.
(3) ferment: the fermentation refers to that mixed each component builds heap hair at water content 50% ~ 70%, 50 ~ 70 DEG C of temperature
Ferment 20 ~ 35 days.
(4) mixed biologic active carbon: mixed biologic active carbon, biological activated carbon account for compost in the compost after fermentation
Weight percentage 10% ~ 15%.
The fermentation includes that three steps are fermented:
First step fermentation: it prewets including material, build heap and turning three phases, need altogether 11 ~ 17 days；
It is that mixed solid material is smashed that material, which is prewetted, adds water to humidity 50% ~ 55%, and temperature maintains 50 ~ 60 DEG C；
Building heap is that heap is 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters high, 2 ~ 2.5 meters wide, and heap top is in curvature of the spinal column type, the Compost moisture content control after building heap 60% ~
70%, PH8 ~ 8.5；
Turning: for material heap after fever in a few days, internal and external temperature, moisture difference are big, carry out turning, re-mix；During fermentation
Turning 2 ~ 5 times, control compost PH7.0-8.5, water content 60 ~ 70%, 50 ~ 60 DEG C of temperature.
Second step fermentation: the compost after first step fermentation moves into mushroom shed, is heated up, constant temperature, cooling three phases, altogether
It needs 4 ~ 7 days；
Temperature rise period is material heap temperature to be risen to 58 ~ 62 DEG C, and kept for 12 ~ 14 hours；
The constant temperature stage is kept for 4-6 days by aeration-cooling to 52 ~ 54 DEG C；
Temperature-fall period is that material temperature is down to 28 DEG C or less.
Third step fermentation: closed mushroom shed again, heating, material temperature maintain 48 ~ 52 DEG C, and fermentation is not less than 48 hours, opens
Door and window ventilation, use when material temperature maintains 28 DEG C or less.
In order to increase build heap after compost gas permeability, on earth, material heap covers moisturizing, rainy day with straw screen or mat for punching among material heap
Use rain-proof plastic.
Agricultural crop straw of the present invention includes the straws such as straw, corn stover, broomcorn straw.
Be conducive to the special battalion of hypha of edible fungus growth in the efficient antipollution compost of the edible mushroom that the present invention prepares
The source of supporting accumulation is more, detects containing 0.5% amino acid (glutamic acid, asparatate, arginine etc.), 0.03% vitamin,
Additionally detect a variety of inorganic elements: silicon, manganese, aluminium, zinc, barium, chromium, magnesium, iron etc.；The edible mushroom that relatively conventional method is prepared
With compost, free ammonia reduces 50%；Miscellaneous bacteria pest reduces by 90%；Fruiting time shifts to an earlier date 10 days or so；Volume increase 20% or so.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
For personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the description in above embodiments and description is only the present invention
Preference, the present invention do not limited by above-mentioned preference, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention
Can also there are various changes and modifications, these changes and improvements are both fallen in the scope of protection of present invention.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom, which is characterized in that including following component:
Muck, calcium superphosphate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, crops puffing straw, Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue；
The parts by weight of its each component are as follows: 31 ~ 40 parts of muck, 2 ~ 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, pulverized limestone 2 ~ 8
Part, 5 ~ 10 parts of land plaster, 10 ~ 15 parts of crops puffing straw, 10 ~ 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.
2. a kind of efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that its component further includes
Biological activated carbon, the 10% ~ 15% of the weight percentage of the total compost of biological activated carbon Zhan.
3. the preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of any one edible mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Including following operating process:
(1) crops stalk crushing adds water to squirt and reaches humidity 60% ~ 70%, the agriculture by high temperature extrusion extruding, after being cured
Crop puffing straw；
The crops stalk crushing refers to that the agricultural crop straw 1 ~ 10cm that cuts into chunks is spare；
The Condition for expansion that the extruding squeezes is 0.5~2 MPa of pressure, 130 ~ 200 DEG C of temperature；
(2) stock up: each component is mixed according to following parts by weight:
According to 20 ~ 30 parts of straw, 31 ~ 40 parts of muck, 2 ~ 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 2 ~ 8 parts of pulverized limestone, gypsum
Powder 5 ~ 10,10 ~ 15 parts of crops puffing straw, 10 ~ 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue；
(3) ferment: the fermentation refers to that mixed each component builds heap fermentation 20 at water content 50% ~ 70%, 50 ~ 70 DEG C of temperature
~ 35 days.
4. the preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of any one edible mushroom according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
Mixed biologic active carbon: mixed biologic active carbon in the compost after fermentation, biological activated carbon account for the weight percent of compost
The 10% ~ 15% of content.
5. according to a kind of preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of edible mushroom of claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that
The fermentation includes that three steps are fermented:
First step fermentation: it prewets including material, build heap and turning three phases, need altogether 11 ~ 17 days；
It is that mixed solid material is smashed that material, which is prewetted, adds water to humidity 50% ~ 55%, and temperature maintains 50 ~ 60 DEG C；
Building heap is that heap is 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters high, 2 ~ 2.5 meters wide, and heap top is in curvature of the spinal column type, the Compost moisture content control after building heap 60% ~
70%, PH8 ~ 8.5；
Turning: for material heap after fever in a few days, internal and external temperature, moisture difference are big, carry out turning, re-mix；During fermentation
Turning 2 ~ 5 times, control compost PH7.0-8.5, water content 60 ~ 70%, 50 ~ 60 DEG C of temperature；
Second step fermentation: the compost after first step fermentation moves into mushroom shed, is heated up, constant temperature, cooling three phases, need 4 altogether ~
7 days；
Temperature rise period is material heap temperature to be risen to 58 ~ 62 DEG C, and kept for 12 ~ 14 hours；
The constant temperature stage is kept for 4-6 days by aeration-cooling to 52 ~ 54 DEG C；
Temperature-fall period is that material temperature is down to 28 DEG C or less；
Third step fermentation: closed mushroom shed again, heating, material temperature maintain 48 ~ 52 DEG C, and fermentation is not less than 48 hours, opens door and window
Ventilation, use when material temperature maintains 28 DEG C or less.
6. the preparation method of the efficient antipollution compost of a kind of edible mushroom according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in order to
Increase the gas permeability of compost after building heap, on earth, material heap covers moisturizing, rainy day rain-proof plastic with straw screen or mat for punching among material heap.
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Application publication date: 20190604 |