CN100569063C - Storage and reduction utilization method of Agaricus bisporus compost after fermentation - Google Patents
Storage and reduction utilization method of Agaricus bisporus compost after fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100569063C CN100569063C CNB2007100463446A CN200710046344A CN100569063C CN 100569063 C CN100569063 C CN 100569063C CN B2007100463446 A CNB2007100463446 A CN B2007100463446A CN 200710046344 A CN200710046344 A CN 200710046344A CN 100569063 C CN100569063 C CN 100569063C
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- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[SH-] HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ssorted Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种双孢蘑菇培养料发酵后贮藏与还原利用方法，首先选配培养料，经过一次发酵和二次发酵，再将培养料晒干或烘干贮藏，烘干时空气温度低于70℃，待培养料晒干或烘干后，堆叠在干燥处保藏。使培养料还原利用的具体方法是：将贮藏的培养料加水还原，加入pH值8.5的石灰清水，调整培养料的含水量至62%，将培养料堆制高度至1.3m～1.5m，料堆宽度为2.3m～2.5m，堆好后用塑料薄膜覆盖，堆制时间为2d～3d；然后将培养料消毒，经吸水还原后铺于菇房的床架上，进行巴氏消毒，使室温和料温升高至58℃～62℃，保持6h～8h；最后将培养料降温播种。采用本方法，解决了生产季节集中需(供)料矛盾，提高了设备利用率。The invention relates to a method for storage and reduction utilization of Agaricus bisporus culture materials after fermentation. Firstly, the culture materials are selected and matched, and after primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, the culture materials are dried or stored in the sun, and the air temperature during drying is lower than 70°C, after the culture material is dried or dried, stack it and store it in a dry place. The specific method for reducing and utilizing the culture material is: add water to the stored culture material, add lime water with a pH value of 8.5, adjust the water content of the culture material to 62%, and stack the culture material to a height of 1.3m to 1.5m. The width of the stack is 2.3m~2.5m. After stacking, it is covered with plastic film, and the stacking time is 2d~3d; then the compost is sterilized, and after absorbing water, spread it on the bed frame of the mushroom house and pasteurize it. The room temperature and material temperature are raised to 58 ℃ ~ 62 ℃, and kept for 6h ~ 8h; finally, the culture material is cooled and sowed. By adopting the method, the contradiction between the centralized demand (supply) and materials in the production season is solved, and the utilization rate of the equipment is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of agaricus bisporus, preserve and reduce the method for utilizing after the fermentation of particularly a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus.
Background technology
Agaricus bisporus is a kind of typical saprophytic fungus, and natural wild agaricus bisporus often is grown on the excrement grass organic matter that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and therefore often is called as straw rotting fungus.Since the artificial cultivation agaricus bisporus so far, agaricus bisporus still be grown in contain excrement, the grass composts or fertilisers of cultivating on.Because the poor ability of agaricus bisporus mycelia decomposition of cellulose and lignin, directly decompose and utilize composts or fertilisers of cultivating to have any problem.Therefore, material culture of agaricus bisporus is fermentation reactor system in advance, allows a large amount of breedings of beneficial microbe such as the plain decomposer of some fibre, and fermentations such as straw in the compost, cow dung are decomposed, and becomes nutriment simple in structure, that agaricus bisporus absorbs easily.Metabolite of microorganism and mycoprotein also become the required nutrient of agaricus bisporus growth.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating can kill off the insect pests and assorted bacterium by the composting hot fermentation simultaneously, improves the physicochemical character of composts or fertilisers of cultivating.By biology, the chemical reaction of composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation process, produce the culture matrix that is suitable for the agaricus bisporus growth with good physicochemical character.
Early stage composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system is called long-term fermentation, at the outdoor composting that will carry out 28～30 days (d), wants turning during this period 5～6 times.There is the people to study successfully the secondary fermentation technical matters abroad, is about to the composting composts or fertilisers of cultivating and is divided into one time fermentation and two stages of secondary fermentation in nineteen fifty.One time fermentation is that the raw material of preparation are prewetted, and mixes, and piles shape outdoor building in accordance with regulations, by microbial activities, makes compost produce 60 ℃～80 ℃ high temperature, by turning several times, makes it even.Secondary fermentation is after the composts or fertilisers of cultivating one time fermentation finishes, in cultivating chamber or special facility, strictly control temperature and air, utilize thermophilic actinomycete at 45 ℃～55 ℃ fermentation maturities, four-stage such as this process is by temperature balance, sterilization, become thoroughly decomposed, cooling carries out.One time fermentation needs 12～16d, and secondary fermentation needs 7～12d.
Had the people to introduce material culture of agaricus bisporus secondary fermentation technology at home afterwards, and made the agaricus bisporus per unit area yield increase substantially, average per unit area yield improves 20%～30%.During the last ten years, agaricus bisporus secondary fermentation technology obtains large tracts of land and promotes on a large scale, and the development that promotes domestic agaricus bisporus production has been produced important function.But, the fermentation of the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of present domestic agaricus bisporus production exists still that batching is extensive, the nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, operation (pasteurization, the temperature of becoming thoroughly decomposed do not reach requirement, deficiency of time etc.) lack of standardization situation, also have the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of many regional culture agaricus bisporuses still to continue to use backward long-term zymotechnique, cause the composts or fertilisers of cultivating maturity poor, assorted bacterium, worm's ovum are seriously polluted, have had a strong impact on output.Because the mushroom farming disperses the composting composts or fertilisers of cultivating, rural environment is exerted a certain influence simultaneously.
Because agaricus bisporus production is subjected to the restriction in season, make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system time comparatively concentrated, and the labour of agaricus bisporus production base relatively lacks, so just produced comparatively outstanding contradiction.Simultaneously, the feed of mushroom compost batch production production and peasant cultivating bisporous mushroom under natural climate condition is concentrated needs the contradiction of material (in annual early October～early December) also comparatively outstanding.Therefore, exploitation material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage and reduction utilize technology, are to solve lack of labor and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system time comparatively concentrates, agaricus bisporus is produced and concentrated the effective ways that need the contradiction that (confession) expect season.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention provides a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage and utilizes method with reduction, and it has solved agaricus bisporus production causes the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system time to be concentrated and agaricus bisporus is produced and concentrated the particularly thorny problem that expect of needing season because of being subject to seasonal restrictions.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage utilizes method with reduction, at first match composts or fertilisers of cultivating, fermentation technique adopts batch production to concentrate fermentation, one time fermentation is that the raw material of preparation are prewetted, mix pre-heap,, make compost produce 60 ℃～80 ℃ high temperature by microbial activities, by turning several times, make it even; Secondary fermentation is strictly to control temperature and air in cultivating chamber, utilizes thermophilic actinomycete at 45 ℃～55 ℃ fermentation maturities, and four-stage such as this process is by temperature balance, sterilization, become thoroughly decomposed, cooling carries out;
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation is dried or dry storage, and air themperature was lower than 70 ℃ when composts or fertilisers of cultivating adopted oven dry, treat that composts or fertilisers of cultivating dries or dries after, be packed in bag or bundling or in bulkly be stacked on dry place's preservation;
The concrete grammar that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating reduction is utilized is as follows:
Add the water reduction at 3～4 days composts or fertilisers of cultivating of agaricus bisporus before suitable sowing date with storage, the lime clear water that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, adds pH value 8.5, adjust the water content to 62% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, because of the dry suction difficulty of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, so water transfer speed is slow, the water transfer time is 2 days, the water that recycling is flowed out from composts or fertilisers of cultivating is in case nutrient loss, after treating composts or fertilisers of cultivating moisture abundance, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating composting is got up, and material stack height is 1.3m～1.5m, and the stockpile width is 2.3m～2.5m, to cultivate stockpile and cover with plastic film the back well, the composting time is 2d～3d;
Then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is sterilized, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is through after evenly suction is reduced fully, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is laid on equably on the bedstead in mushroom room, thickness is at 18cm～20cm, feed steam or with coal stove heating carrying out pasteurization, make room temperature and material temperature rise to 58 ℃～62 ℃, keep 6h～8h, after pasteurization with the airtight again 24h in mushroom room;
With composts or fertilisers of cultivating cooling sowing, open mushroom door window and ventilate at last, when treating that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature is reduced to 26 ℃, spray the lime clear water of a little pH value 8～9 on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating top layer, sow routinely again.
Adopt material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage of the present invention to utilize method with reduction, can solve agaricus bisporus and produce the concentrated contradiction that needs (confession) material in season, the peasant is produced the scale and the enthusiasm of agaricus bisporus, usage ratio of equipment is improved in mushroom compost production plant, and the agaricus bisporus production of current development China is had significant facilitation.
According to method of the present invention, can realize material culture of agaricus bisporus batch production, specialized production, change the composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation method small and comprehensive that falls behind.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating for preparing is supplied to the cultivation family, and supporting popularization culturing high yield double-sporophyte mushroom, can alleviate the labour intensity of the cultivating bisporous mushroom of peasant, improve quality and the output capacity of unit are and the quality of bright mushroom of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, reduce the adverse effect of agaricus bisporus production, strengthen the market competitiveness of the cultivating bisporous mushroom of suburbs peasant rural environment.
Embodiment
The present invention is that a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage utilizes method with reduction, at first matches composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating formulation components comprises straw, does raw material such as cow dung, dried poultrymanure, colza cake, urea, sulphur ammonium, gypsum, superphosphate, lime.
Fermentation is concentrated in the batch production of fermentation technique process using.One time fermentation is that the raw material of preparation are fully prewetted, and mixes heap in advance, by microbial activities, makes compost produce 60 ℃～80 ℃ high temperature, by turning several times, makes it even.Secondary fermentation is strictly to control temperature and air in cultivating chamber, utilizes thermophilic actinomycete at 45 ℃～55 ℃ fermentation maturities, and four-stage such as this process is by temperature balance, sterilization, become thoroughly decomposed, cooling carries out.
Characteristics of the present invention are that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation is dried or dry storage, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating secondary fermentation finished the back and dried the back storage in 3～5 days, and in case of overcast and rainy continuously, the most handy drying plant is dried it.Air themperature should be lower than 62 ℃ when composts or fertilisers of cultivating adopted oven dry.After treating that composts or fertilisers of cultivating dries or dries, be packed in bag or bundling or in bulkly be stacked on dry place's preservation.
The concrete grammar that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating reduction is utilized is as follows:
Add the water reduction at 3～4 days composts or fertilisers of cultivating of agaricus bisporus before suitable sowing date with storage.The lime clear water that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, adds pH value 8.5, the water content to 62% of adjustment composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Because composts or fertilisers of cultivating is relatively drier, suction is difficult, so the water transfer velocity ratio is slower, and the water transfer time generally needs 2 days.The water that flows out from composts or fertilisers of cultivating should reuse, in case nutrient loss.After treating composts or fertilisers of cultivating moisture abundance, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating composting is got up, material stack height is 1.3m～1.5m, and the stockpile width is 2.3m～2.5m.To cultivate stockpile and cover with plastic film the back well, the composting time is 2d～3d.
Then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is carried out disinfection.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is laid on composts or fertilisers of cultivating on the bedstead in mushroom room equably through after the even fully suction reduction, and thickness feeds steam or carries out pasteurization with the coal stove heating at 18cm～20cm, makes room temperature and material temperature rise to 58 ℃～62 ℃, keeps 6h～8h.After pasteurization with the airtight again 24h in mushroom room.
At last with composts or fertilisers of cultivating cooling sowing.Open mushroom door window and ventilate, when treating that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature is reduced to 26 ℃ of left and right sides, spray the lime clear water of a little pH value 8～9 on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating top layer, sow routinely again.
Send out all operations routinely of bacterium and management of producing mushroom.
Certainly, those skilled in the art in the present technique field will be appreciated that, the foregoing description only is to be used for illustrating the present invention, and be not as limitation of the invention, as long as in connotation scope of the present invention, all will drop in the scope of claim of the present invention conversion, the modification of the foregoing description.
Claims (1)
1. a material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation back storage utilizes method with reduction, at first match composts or fertilisers of cultivating, fermentation technique adopts batch production to concentrate fermentation, one time fermentation is that the raw material of preparation are prewetted, mix pre-heap,, make compost produce 60 ℃～80 ℃ high temperature by microbial activities, by turning several times, make it even; Secondary fermentation is strictly to control temperature and air in cultivating chamber, utilizes thermophilic actinomycete at 45 ℃～55 ℃ fermentation maturities, and four-stage such as this process is by temperature balance, sterilization, become thoroughly decomposed, cooling carries out;
It is characterized in that, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the secondary fermentation is dried or dry storage, air themperature was lower than 70 ℃ when composts or fertilisers of cultivating adopted oven dry, treat that composts or fertilisers of cultivating dries or dries after, be packed in bag or bundling or in bulkly be stacked on dry place's preservation;
The concrete grammar that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating reduction is utilized is as follows:
Add the water reduction at 3～4 days composts or fertilisers of cultivating of agaricus bisporus before suitable sowing date with storage, the lime clear water that in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, adds pH value 8.5, adjust the water content to 62% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the water transfer time is 2 days, and the water that recycling is flowed out from composts or fertilisers of cultivating is in case nutrient loss, after treating composts or fertilisers of cultivating moisture abundance, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating composting is got up, and material stack height is 1.3m～1.5m, and the stockpile width is 2.3m～2.5m, to cultivate stockpile and cover with plastic film the back well, the composting time is 2d～3d;
Then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is sterilized, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is through after evenly suction is reduced fully, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is laid on equably on the bedstead in mushroom room, thickness is at 18cm～20cm, feed steam or with coal stove heating carrying out pasteurization, make room temperature and material temperature rise to 58 ℃～62 ℃, keep 6h～8h, after pasteurization with the airtight again 24h in mushroom room;
With composts or fertilisers of cultivating cooling sowing, open mushroom door window and ventilate at last, when treating that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature is reduced to 26 ℃, spray the lime clear water of a little pH value 8～9 on the composts or fertilisers of cultivating top layer, sow routinely again.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007100463446A CN100569063C (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2007-09-25 | Storage and reduction utilization method of Agaricus bisporus compost after fermentation |
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| CNB2007100463446A CN100569063C (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2007-09-25 | Storage and reduction utilization method of Agaricus bisporus compost after fermentation |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102498941A (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-06-20 | 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所 | Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus by utilizing zizania latifolia turcz sheathing leaves |
| CN102550293B (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2014-05-21 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for liquid fermentation cultivation of Agaricus bisporus strain |
| CN103319219B (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2014-12-10 | 四川懋森生物科技有限责任公司 | Centralized secondary fermentation method for agaricus bisporus |
| CN103936502B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-03-23 | 湖南农业大学 | Preparation and use method of Miscanthus substrate for cultivating Agaricus bisporus |
| CN104961565A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-07 | 桂林健成生物科技开发有限公司 | Application of peanut shells to cultivating agaricus bisporus |
| CN108651163A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-16 | 杨建均 | Edible fungus culturing formula and its plain type tunnel cultural method |
| CN112979354A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-18 | 韩玉才 | Formula and method for preparing organic fertilizer from edible fungus waste |
| CN112673897A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-20 | 福建省荣佳菇业有限公司 | High-recycling preparation equipment and method for agaricus bisporus nutrient |
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