CN109804966B - Method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in large-scale production of tridacna seedlings - Google Patents
Method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in large-scale production of tridacna seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109804966B CN109804966B CN201910124459.5A CN201910124459A CN109804966B CN 109804966 B CN109804966 B CN 109804966B CN 201910124459 A CN201910124459 A CN 201910124459A CN 109804966 B CN109804966 B CN 109804966B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in giant clam seedling large-scale production. The invention adopts the combination of physical method and biological method to prevent and control the filamentous algae outbreak. The invention solves the problem that giant clam larvae die in large amount due to explosion of filamentous algae at present. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high feasibility, strong practicability, easiness in popularization and the like, the efficiency of scale production of giant clams is obviously improved, the survival rate of giant clams is improved to more than 95%, a practical basis is provided for industrialization and commercialization of giant clams, and a reliable technical support is provided for resource recovery of giant clams.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of marine organisms, and particularly relates to a method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in large-scale production of giant clam seedlings.
Background art:
giant clams belong to giant clams of order of lamellibranchidae of phylum mollusca and are mainly distributed in tropical coral reef sea areas such as Indian ocean, Western pacific ocean and south sea in China. In China, the main giant clam species comprise Customs tridacna, scale-free tridacna, tridacna, giant clam, Nowa tridacna, safranine tridacna and trioyster of trioyster. Tridacna is a main frame species in a coral reef ecosystem, can occupy more than 60% of biomass of the coral reef ecosystem, and plays an active key role in maintaining coral reef biological diversity and ecosystem stability. Under the background of global sea temperature rise and seawater acidification, the amount of tridacna resources is in a descending trend in the global range, some species are already killed or are endangered to be killed, and the international trade convention on endangered wild animal and plant species lists tridacna and tridacna in China as protective species. Therefore, the development of recovery of giant clam resources is imperative, and artificial breeding and large-scale culture are the most effective means for solving the problem.
In the large-scale production process of tridacna seedlings, filamentous algae explode in large quantities in 7-8 months in summer every year, and are like a net suspended in water. When aging, the product becomes cotton-like and floats on the water surface, and is brownish yellow and greasy in hand feeling. The filamentous algae in the culture pond are propagated in a large quantity, inorganic salts in the water body are consumed seriously, nutrient elements required for photosynthesis of zooxanthellae in giant clams are inhibited, and further adverse effects are caused on the growth of giant clams. When filamentous algae breed in the culture pond in a large amount and entangle giant clams like a geonet, the giant clams cannot stretch mantle to perform photosynthesis, and finally the giant clams die in a large scale. With the rising of water temperature and air temperature, filamentous algae can be flooded and die in the pond, and generate toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and the like in the decomposition process, so that the ammonia nitrogen content in water is improved, the dissolved oxygen content in water is reduced, and tridacna poisoning and anoxic death can be caused. In the past, filamentous algae can be removed by a chemical method, but giant clam fries are also killed greatly. Therefore, the method for developing the non-destructive prevention and control of filamentous algae has important theoretical value and application prospect for artificial breeding and large-scale production of tridacna.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problem that giant clams die in a large amount due to current filamentous algae explosion, the invention provides a method for controlling filamentous algae explosion in large-scale production of giant clams, and provides reliable technical guarantee for artificial breeding and large-scale production of giant clams.
The method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in large-scale production of tridacna seedlings comprises the following steps:
a, physical method: in the filamentous algae outbreak season, firstly brushing off filamentous algae attached to the attaching bases of tridacna juvenile mollusks by using a soft brush, then continuously blowing off residual filamentous algae by using a suction pipe, then removing the filamentous algae at the bottom and on the cylinder wall of a culture cylinder by using a hard brush, and then changing water;
b, biological method: after the treatment of the physical method in the step a, the Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, the red-mouth snail and the tropical fish are put in a culture tank, and the stocking density of the Oncomelania hupensis Gredler is 8-10/m2The stocking density of the red-mouth snails is 4-6/m2Heat ofThe stocking density of the hairtail is 1 tail/m2(ii) a Observing the condition of the giant clams in the culture cylinder every day, and timely cleaning dead individuals.
Filamentous algae can be rapidly removed by a physical method, so that the method is simple, convenient and good in effect; but the method has great workload, filamentous algae is easy to explode for the second time, and is only suitable for removing the filamentous algae attached to firm objects such as corallite and the like;
the algae-removing organisms can be used for controlling the quantity of algae, at present, no organism is 'totipotent', and most organisms only have certain algae-preventing and algae-removing effects on one aspect. The martia and the red mouth snails mainly remove corallite and various filamentous algae attached to the surfaces of tridacna shells, and are easy to feed; tropical fish such as the Pagrosomus major can remove filamentous algae from the aquarium wall and the aquarium bottom. The method is safe and labor-saving, and has excellent filamentous algae removing effect, no recurrence, and long duration. However, when tridacna seedlings are still small, the method easily causes injury and even death of tridacna seedlings, and is suitable for prevention and control of tridacna filamentous algae of large individuals (>1 cm).
The tropical fish is preferably a large-sail inverted sea bream.
The Tridacna is preferably Tridacna digitassa or Tridacna squamosa.
The attachment group is preferably corallite.
In the large-scale production process of tridacna larvae, in the season of filamentous algae outbreak, stubborn filamentous algae are firstly removed by using a soft brush, a suction pipe and a hard brush through a physical method, and then residual algae are continuously removed through thamnus margarita, thamnus hongkongensis and sargassum macrocephalus. Therefore, the explosion of filamentous algae in the large-scale production process of tridacna seedlings can be effectively controlled by combining biological and physical methods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of simple operation, high feasibility, strong practicability, easy popularization and the like. The method disclosed by the invention greatly improves the survival rate of giant clams bred in the middle, obviously improves the efficiency of giant clam large-scale production, improves the survival rate of giant clams to more than 95%, provides a practical basis for large-scale production of giant clams, and provides a technical support for recovery of giant clam resources.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the physical removal of filamentous algae; wherein, A-B, straw blowing algae; C. cleaning algae with a soft brush; D. treating corallite attached to tridacna seedlings before treatment; E-F, and corallite attached to tridacna seedlings after treatment.
FIG. 2 is a biological process for controlling filamentous algae; wherein a-f is Zaocys, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Pagrosomus major.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1
a, physical method: giant clam breeding is carried out in 5 months in 2017 at a subtropical marine organism experimental station of south-sea oceanographic institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and more than 80 million larvae of tridacna are obtained. In 7 months in summer, because light intensity and high temperature cause filamentous algae to explode in a large scale, giant clams, culture cylinder bottoms, cylinder walls and attachment base coral stones are full of filamentous algae, firstly, the filamentous algae on the coral stones to which the giant clams adhere are lightly brushed off by using a soft brush, then, residual filamentous algae are continuously blown off by using a suction pipe, then, the filamentous algae and other algae on the culture cylinder bottoms and the cylinder walls are removed together by using a hard brush, and water is changed after the completion of the cleaning, so that the large-scale explosion of the filamentous algae can be prevented;
b, biological method: after removing most filamentous algae by physical methods, the filamentous algae are controlled by algae removal organisms because the filamentous algae remaining on the corallite and filamentous algae spores in the seawater still cause secondary outbreaks of filamentous algae. 50 horseshoe snails, 30 red-mouth snails and 5 tail large sail inverted sea breams are placed in a culture tank with the size of 5 square, the horseshoe snails and the red-mouth snails mainly remove corallites and various filamentous algae attached to giant clams, and the large sail inverted sea breams mainly remove filamentous algae on the tank walls and the tank bottoms. The condition in the culture tank is observed every day, and if dead individuals exist, the dead individuals are cleared in time. Half a month later, filamentous algae on the corallite and giant clam larvae are obviously reduced, the filamentous algae are completely removed after one month, giant clam larvae grow well, and the survival rate is more than 95%.
Compared with the traditional method, the survival rate of the tridacna seedlings is usually less than or equal to 30% after filamentous algae eruption, even the tridacna seedlings are completely covered, the design method provided by the invention has higher survival efficiency, and the survival rate is more than or equal to 95%.
Example 2
a, physical method: giant clams are bred in 5 months in 2018 at a subtropical marine organism experimental station of south-sea oceanographic institute of Chinese academy of sciences, and more than 30 million tridacna larvae without scales are obtained. In 7-8 months in summer, due to strong illumination and high temperature, filamentous algae explodes in a large scale, giant clam-free young shells, culture cylinder bottoms, cylinder walls and attachment base coral stones are full of filamentous algae, filamentous algae attached to the coral stones of the giant clam-free young shells are gently brushed away by a soft brush, then residual filamentous algae are continuously blown away by a suction pipe, then the filamentous algae and other algae on the culture cylinder bottoms and the cylinder walls are removed together by a hard brush, and water is changed after the completion of the removal, so that the large-scale explosion of the filamentous algae can be prevented.
b, biological method: after removing most filamentous algae by physical methods, the filamentous algae are controlled by algae removal organisms because the filamentous algae remaining on the corallite and filamentous algae spores in the seawater still cause secondary outbreaks of filamentous algae. 80 horseshoe snails, 40 red-mouth snails and 10-tailed inverted sea breams are placed in a culture tank with the size of 10 square, the horseshoe snails and the red-mouth snails mainly remove corallites and various filamentous algae attached to tridacna, and the inverted sea breams mainly remove filamentous algae on the tank wall and the tank bottom. The condition in the culture tank is observed every day, and if dead individuals exist, the dead individuals are cleared in time. Half a month later, filamentous algae on corallite and tridacna larvae are obviously reduced, the filamentous algae are completely removed after one month, the tridacna larvae grow well, and the survival rate is more than 95%.
Compared with the traditional method, the survival rate of the tridacna seedlings is usually less than or equal to 30% after filamentous algae eruption, even the tridacna seedlings are completely covered, the design method provided by the invention has higher survival efficiency, and the survival rate is more than or equal to 95%.
Claims (4)
1. A method for controlling filamentous algae outbreak in large-scale production of tridacna seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, physical method: in the filamentous algae outbreak season, firstly brushing off filamentous algae attached to the attaching bases of tridacna juvenile mollusks by using a soft brush, then continuously blowing off residual filamentous algae by using a suction pipe, then removing the filamentous algae at the bottom and on the cylinder wall of a culture cylinder by using a hard brush, and then changing water;
b, biological method: after the treatment of the physical method in the step a, the Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, the red-mouth snail and the tropical fish are put in a culture tank, and the stocking density of the Oncomelania hupensis Gredler is 8-10/m2The stocking density of the red-mouth snails is 4-6/m2The stocking density of the tropical fish is 1 tail/m2(ii) a Observing the condition of the giant clams in the culture cylinder every day, and timely cleaning dead individuals.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tropical fish is a large scalper.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Tridacna are Tridacna derasa or Tridacna squamosa.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the attachment group is corallite.
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Effective date of registration: 20220307 Address after: 510000 No. 2, No. 4, Panlong street, Longxi, Hailong street, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Blue Ocean Marine Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA SEA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |