CN114304011B - Method for cultivating young mollusks of fagopyrum - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a A method for culturing the young mollusk of Faluo. The Faluo is distributed in tropical and partial subtropical sea areas in China, is a marine endangered species in China, and is a national II-level protective animal. It is mainly used for ingesting the sea star of the long thorn of the natural enemy of coral, and is known as a coral reef guardian. The method cultures the young mollusks of the mollusks in a land-based ecological nursery room through the technical links of parent ripening promotion, parent mating oviposition, embryo development, juvenile mollusk culture and the like, and lays a theoretical practical foundation for artificial breeding of the mollusks in the future. The invention combines the ecological, physiological habit and breeding characteristic of the mollusk, constructs a set of culture technique for efficiently obtaining the juvenile mollusk, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, easy popularization and the like. The invention solves the international problem that the culture technology of the young mollusks of the fagopyrum cymosum is not overcome, and provides reliable technical guarantee for the repair of the fagopyrum cymosum resources in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish offspring seed breeding in marine agriculture, in particular to a French snail A juvenile mollusk cultivation method.
Background
The fadrox (Charonia tritonis), also called as giant fadrox, belongs to the class of gastropoda, rule spiraea and fadrox, is a large-scale shellfish in tropical sea areas, has the body length of 35 cm, is one of the four famous snails in China, is also an endangered species in the coral reef ecosystem of China, and protects animals in the national II level. The medium-large shell of the snail can be used as a musical instrument, the shell is large, the top of the shell is ground, the sound is produced when the shell blows, the snail can be used for making horns, and the snail used in the monk channel is produced. Ancient force and military use it as horn, and temple monk channel as the law instrument of cloth channel showy, so named "Faluo".
The normal snails inhabit the shallow sea area at the bottom of the rock reef and the coral reef, some species live in the sand or muddy sand seabed, and the normal snails can trace the sea from the intertidal zone to the sea bottom with the depth of hundreds of meters. The method usually takes starfishes, bivalve young shellfish and the like as food, especially takes long-spine starfishes as food, and the long-spine starfishes take corals as food, so the fasnails are also called coral reef defending spirit and have important significance for protecting coral reef living bodies. The meat of the oyster shell can be eaten as a high-end food material, and the oyster shell has extremely high ornamental value and potential market application value and development prospect. Along with global warming, ocean acidification and other climate abnormal events, and human activities and other multiple factor influences, an effective means for proliferation and protection is urgently needed. Among them, artificial breeding to amplify the number of seeds is the most effective resource recovery means, however, artificial breeding technology of the snail has been a worldwide problem and has not been reported successfully so far.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to recover the source of the fadrox, effective means are adopted for proliferation and protection, the invention provides a method for cultivating young fadrox shells, which provides theoretical and practical experience for the large-scale production of the young fadrox shells and provides technical support for the restoration of the source of the young fadrox shells.
The method for cultivating the young mollusks of the Faluo is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. parent ripening: placing the parent in a seedling raising field for culturing, and accelerating maturity by adopting a micro-flowing water and micro-aeration mode and a semi-shading mode, wherein the culture density is 8-10kg/m 2 (ii) a Feeding echinoderm of starfish as bait at a frequency of 60-90g of starfish meat per 1kg of total weight of snails; in the ripening process, the water depth of the culture pond is controlled to be 60-80cm, the running water frequency of the culture seawater is 3-6 volume circulation/d, and the illumination is 20-30% of the normal daily illumination intensity; the temperature of the seawater is 18-30 ℃, the salinity is 30-35ppt, and the pH is 8.00-8.60;
b. mating and spawning: when the Faluo appears in copulation behavior, the male individual stretches out of the penis and is inserted into the fertilized sac of the female individual to release sperms, the female individual finishes the fertilization of the ovum after copulation, and the female individual produces the oocysts after copulation;
c. embryo hatching: after finding the oocysts, cleaning the area around the oocysts, finding female snails discharging the oocysts, keeping the female snails in a culture tank, transferring other legal snails out, completing incubation of fertilized eggs under the conditions of 23-28 ℃, salinity of 32-33ppt and pH of 8.02-8.62, and releasing larvae; at the moment, stopping flowing water, changing into inflation incubation, and finishing the embryo incubation process when the top end of the oocyst has a crack and the early-stage washbasin larva spontaneously swims into seawater; the whole germ body development process of the fertilized egg is completed in the oocyst, and the embryo develops to early-stage facial disc larvae (table 1) after the fertilized egg, two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, multi-cell, mulberry stage, cyst embryo, trochophore stage and other stages;
d. and (3) larva culture: collecting early-stage face plate larvae, putting into a larva culture tank, and culturing the larvae in a micro-aeration mode according to the density of 0.1-0.2 per ml; the larva uses chaetoceros, diatom and yeast as bait, and the total amount of the feed is 3-5 ten thousand cells/ml per day; under the conditions of 24-28 ℃ of temperature, 32-33ppt of salinity and 8.02-8.60 of pH, the early-stage face plate larvae pass through the middle-stage face plate larvae after being cultured, reach the later-stage face plate larvae, enter the attachment creeping stage, and need to be fed with shrimp pieces, artemia larvae and the like for food habit transformation and domestication besides the unicellular algae, so as to complete metamorphosis and form young shellfish;
e. culturing juvenile mollusks: juvenile mollusks have disappeared facial plates and obvious operculums, crawl with the feet, develop a head tentacle, change the life style from planktonic to benthic, and change the food habit from vegetational to carnivorous; during the period, the shrimp slices and the crushed oyster meat are required to be fed, and the feeding amount is determined according to the food intake of young shellfish; after each feeding, the young shellfish smells the smell, climbs to the position of the food, and takes food; feeding young shellfish by using running water, wherein the running water frequency is 1-2 cycles/d of the volume of the culture water body; the young shellfish is cultured and developed into young shellfish.
The feeding of starfish echinoderm is to feed long-thorn starfish and normal starfish.
The early-stage collecting of the face plate larvae is that the body length of the early-stage face plate larvae is about 500 mu m, and the early-stage face plate larvae are collected by using a 200 mu m mesh bolting silk net.
The incubation time of the larvae in step c is 35-45d, because the incubation takes a certain time from the release of the larvae from the first oocyst, and about 10d is required for the completion of the release of the larvae.
The body length of the seedling of the Faluo in the steps d and e is defined as follows: the maximum vertical distance between the shell mouth edge of the larva, the young shellfish and the edge of the conch layer;
the young mollusks of Faluo in steps d and e are defined as: (1) The facial discs of the larvae disappear, the small-leaved lemmas are obvious, a pair of tentacles are formed, and the juvenile mollusks crawl by using feet; (2) Developing secondary shells with the length of 1.5-3.0mm and the number of snail layers more than or equal to 2; (3) The life style is changed from floating to benthic, and the food habit is changed from vegetarian to carnivorous.
Previously, scholars such as von Yongqin at Hainan university reported a preliminary study on the artificial breeding technology of the Fancuo in 2011 'Member representative of division of shellfish society of science in China animal society, china ocean lake and marsh school and academic conference', and as a comparison document 1, the document only reports the study to the stage of Fancuo larvae, does not complete metamorphosis, and cannot develop to young shellfish and young shellfish. That is, compared with the present invention, the method is a stage in the research of the present invention, and the success of the present invention lies in that the larva is transformed, the young mollusk and the rare young mollusk thereof are obtained, and the success of artificial breeding of the snail is marked. Compared with the comparison document 1, the invention overcomes the international neck clamping technology, fills the international blank, and has obvious progress and advancement.
The normal snails are distributed in tropical and partial subtropical sea areas in China, are marine endangered species in China, and are national II-level protected animals. It is mainly used for ingesting the sea star of the long thorn of the natural enemy of coral, and is known as a coral reef guardian. The method cultures the young mollusks of the mollusks in a land-based ecological nursery room through the technical links of parent ripening promotion, parent mating oviposition, embryo development, juvenile mollusk culture and the like, and lays a theoretical practical foundation for artificial breeding of the mollusks in the future. The invention combines the ecological, physiological habit and breeding characteristic of the mollusk, constructs a set of culture technique for efficiently obtaining the juvenile mollusk, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, easy popularization and the like. The invention solves the international problem that the culture technology of the young mollusks of the fagopyrum cymosum is not overcome, and provides reliable technical guarantee for the repair of the fagopyrum cymosum resources in the future.
TABLE 1 time required for the development of Faluo embryo and larval development process and their main characteristics
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an ecological maturing, mating and oocyst shedding of Faluo parents; a, ecologically promoting maturity of a fadrome parent; d, crossing the Faluo parents; c, oocysts are discharged by the female snails; d, nursing oocysts by the female snails; and E, hatching fertilized eggs in the oocysts.
FIG. 2 is the development process of offspring after hatching of Faluo oocysts. A-C, pre-hatched Pandalus moubata; D-F, mid-term washbasin larvae; G-I, later-stage face plate larvae; J-K, creeping larvae; l, juvenile mollusk.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
a. parent ripening: in 10 last ten days of 2019, 12 wild Lauduo (body length 30-40cm, fresh weight 1.5-3.0 kg) parents are placed in a continental plant nursery of Wanning City in Hainan province for culture, the maturation is promoted by adopting a micro-flowing water mode, a micro-aeration mode and a semi-shading mode, and the culture density is 10kg/m 2 (ii) a Feeding parents after temporarily culturing for 2 weeks, feeding starfish and eupolyphaga as baits, wherein the feeding frequency is 60-90g of starfish fresh meat per 1kg of total weight of the snails; in the ripening process, the water depth of the culture pond is controlled at 60cm, the running water frequency of the culture seawater is 5-6 volume cycles/d, and the illumination is 20-30% of the normal daily illumination intensity; the temperature of the seawater is 25-30 ℃, the salinity is 30-32ppt, and the pH is 8.00-8.54.
b. Mating and spawning: during 11-12 months in 2019, the cross behavior of the snail occurs; the male individual stretches out of the penis and is inserted into a fertilized sac of the female individual to release sperms, and the female individual finishes fertilization after mating; in 2 months and 17 days of the spring of 2020, female individuals produce oocysts, the oocysts are light orange, a single oocyst is coated with transparent colloid and is in a leaf shape, an egg band formed by the whole oocyst and an oocyst handle is in a cluster shape, and the oocyst handle is adhered to the wall or the bottom of a culture container; a total of 1200 oocysts were placed in two female parents, with approximately 2000 zygotes in each oocyst (fig. 1); the length of the oocysts is about 30mm, the maximum diameter is 8-10mm, and the time for female individuals to discharge the oocysts usually lasts for 3-4 days;
c. embryo hatching: after the oocysts are found, cleaning the area around the oocysts, finding 2 female snails discharging the oocysts, and keeping the female snails in a breeding cylinder, wherein the female snails have the habit of protecting the oocysts and cleaning the oocysts, and other 10 snail parents are transferred to other parent breeding cylinders; hatching the fertilized eggs at 23-27 deg.c, salinity of 32ppt and pH of 8.09-8.62 for 35-45 days; in the whole hatching process, oocysts gradually change from light orange to gray, oocyst cortex changes from tough to elastic to brittle, and when the oocyst cortex changes to gray, the hatching of embryos is about to end, namely larvae are about to be released; at the moment, stopping flowing water, changing into inflation incubation, and finishing the embryo incubation process when the top end of the oocyst has a crack and the early-stage washbasin larva spontaneously swims into seawater; the whole germ body development process of the fertilized egg is completed in the oocyst, and the embryo develops to early-stage facial disc larvae (table 1) after the fertilized egg, two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, multi-cell, mulberry stage, cyst embryo, trochophore stage and other stages; the fertility rate and the hatchability of the ovum in the oocyst are both 90 percent, and 216 ten thousand initially hatched face plate larvae of the Faluo are obtained;
d. and (3) larva culture: the early-stage face plate larva grows at about 500 μm, and is collected by 200 μm mesh bolting silk net, 120 ten thousand of larva are collected and thrown into 23 m tropical marine organism experimental stations of Hainan tropic of China academy of sciences 3 The culture tank adopts a micro-aeration mode, and the culture density is 0.2 per ml; the larva uses chaetoceros, diatom and yeast as bait, and the total amount of the feed is 3-5 ten thousand cells/ml per day; culturing at 24-28 deg.C, salinity of 32-33ppt and pH of 8.02-8.60 for 40-45d, allowing early stage larva of dough pan to pass through middle stage larva of dough pan, reach later stage larva of dough pan, and have characteristics of shrinking of dough pan and shedding of cilium, wherein the number of spiral layer is more than or equal to 1.5, entering attached creeping stage (figure 2), feeding prawn slice, artemia larva, etc. for food habit transformation acclimation except for unicellular algae, and completing metamorphosis after 5-15d to form young shellfish; but the larva dies largely from the middle-stage face plate larva to the creeping stage, only 10000 creeping larvae are finally obtained, and only 1276 juvenile mollusks are left after the metamorphosis is completed;
e. culturing juvenile mollusks: when the juvenile mollusk has disappeared facial discs and small-leaved lemmas are obvious, the juvenile mollusk crawls with feet and develops a head tentacle; secondary shells grow, the number of the spiral shells is more than or equal to 2.0, and the body length is 1.2-1.5mm; the life style is changed from floating to benthic life, and the feeding habit is changed from vegetarian to carnivorous; during the period, the shrimp slices and the crushed oyster meat are required to be fed, and the feeding amount is determined according to the food intake of young shellfish; after each feeding, the young shellfish smells the smell, climbs to the position of the food, and takes food; feeding the young shellfish by using running water, wherein the running water frequency is 1-2 cycles/d of the volume of the culture water body; the young shellfish is cultivated for 15-30 days to develop into young shellfish with more than or equal to 3.0 snail layers; after carefully and carefully culturing and checking on the 5-27 th month-2020, only 125 young shellfish with the body length of 3.0-5.0mm are finally obtained.
Example 2:
a. parent ripening: in 9 middle-aged 2018, 15 wild Lauduo (30-40 cm in body length and 1.5-3.0kg in fresh weight) parents are placed in a land-based ecological seedling room of a tropical marine organism experimental station of Chinese academy of sciences for culture, the maturation is promoted by adopting a micro-flowing water mode, a micro-aeration mode and a semi-shading mode, and the culture density is 8kg/m 2 (ii) a Feeding parents after temporarily culturing for 1 week, feeding starfish and eupolyphaga as baits, wherein the feeding frequency is 60-90g of starfish fresh meat per 1kg of total weight of the snails; in the ripening process, the water depth of the culture pond is controlled to be 60-80cm, the flowing frequency of the culture seawater is 3-5 volume circulation/d, and the illumination is 20-30% of the normal daily illumination intensity; the temperature of the seawater is 18-25 ℃, the salinity is 30-32ppt, and the pH is 8.00-8.60;
b. mating and spawning: during the 1-2 months in 2019, the cross behavior of the snail occurs; the male individual stretches out of the penis and is inserted into a fertilized sac of the female individual to release sperms, and the female individual needs mating to finish the fertilization of the ovum; in 1 day 4 of 2019 spring, female individuals produce oocysts, the oocysts are light orange, a single oocyst is coated with transparent colloid and is in a leaf shape, an egg band formed by the whole oocyst and an oocyst handle is in a cluster shape, and the oocyst handle is adhered to the wall or the bottom of a culture container; 1000 oocysts are arranged in two female parents, and each oocyst contains about 1500-2500 fertilized eggs; the length of the oocysts is about 30mm, the maximum diameter is 8-10mm, and the time for discharging the oocysts of female individuals generally lasts for 4-5 days;
c. embryo hatching: after the oocysts are found, cleaning the area around the oocysts, finding 2 female snails discharging the oocysts, and leaving the female snails in a breeding cylinder, wherein the female snails have the habit of protecting the oocysts and cleaning the oocysts, and other 13 legal snail parents are transferred to other parent breeding cylinders; hatching the fertilized eggs at 23-28 deg.c, salinity of 32-33ppt and pH of 8.02-8.60 for 40-45 days; during the whole hatching process, the oocysts gradually change from light orange to gray, and the oocyst cortex changes from tough to elastic to brittle, and when the oocyst cortex is changed to gray, the hatching of the embryo is about to end, and the larva is about to be released; at the moment, stopping flowing water, changing into inflation incubation, and finishing the embryo incubation process when the top end of the oocyst has a crack and the early-stage washbasin larva spontaneously swims into seawater; the whole germ body development process of the fertilized egg is completed in the oocyst, and the embryo develops to early-stage facial disc larva after undergoing fertilized egg, two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, multi-cell, mulberry stage, cyst embryo, trochophore stage and other stages; the fertility rate and the hatchability of the ovum in the oocyst are both 90 percent, and 180 ten thousand initially hatched face plate larvae of the Faluo are obtained;
d. and (3) larva culture: the early-stage face plate larva grows at about 500 μm, and is collected by 200 μm mesh bolting silk net, 180 ten thousand of larva are collected and thrown into 4 3m experiment stations of tropical marine organism in Hainan province of China academy of sciences 3 The culture tank adopts a micro-aeration mode, and the culture density is 0.15 per ml; the larva uses chaetoceros, diatom and yeast as bait, and the total amount of the feed is 3-5 ten thousand cells/ml per day; culturing at 24-28 deg.C, salinity of 32-33ppt and pH of 8.02-8.56 for 40-45d, allowing early stage larva of Panicum miliaceum to pass through middle stage larva of Panicum miliaceum, and reach late stage larva of Panicum miliaceum, with the characteristics of atrophy of Panicum miliaceum and cilium shedding, allowing the number of spiral layers to be more than or equal to 1.5, feeding to creeping stage, feeding prawn slices, artemia larva, etc. for feeding habit transformation and domestication, and completing metamorphosis for 8-15d to form young shellfish; but the larva dies in a large amount from the middle-stage face plate larva to the creeping stage, only 8000 creeping larvae are obtained finally, and only 1078 juvenile mollusks are left after the metamorphosis is completed;
e. culturing juvenile mollusks: when the young shellfish has a facial disc disappeared and small-leaved lemmas are obvious, the young shellfish crawls with the feet to develop a head tentacle; growing secondary shells, wherein the number of the snail layers is more than or equal to 2.0, and the body length is 1.2-1.5mm; the life style is changed from floating to benthic life, and the feeding habit is changed from vegetarian to carnivorous; during the period, the shrimp slices and the crushed oyster meat are required to be fed, and the feeding amount is determined according to the food intake of young shellfish; after each feeding, the young shellfish smells the smell, climbs to the position of the food, and takes food; feeding young shellfish by using running water, wherein the running water frequency is 1-2 cycles/d of the volume of the culture water body; the juvenile mollusks are cultivated for 15-30 days and develop into juvenile mollusks with more than or equal to 3.0 snail layers; in 2019, 7, 5 days, only 39 juvenile mollusks with the body length of 3.0-5.0mm are obtained through careful culture inspection.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating young mollusks of Faluo is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. parent ripening: placing the parent in a seedling raising field for culture and ripening, wherein the culture density is 8-10kg/m 2 (ii) a Feeding echinoderms of starfishes as baits, wherein the feeding frequency is 60-90g of starfish fresh meat per 1kg of total weight of the snails; in the ripening process, the water depth of the culture pond is controlled to be 60-80cm, the flowing frequency of the culture seawater is 3-6 volume circulation/d, and the illumination is 20-30% of the normal daily illumination intensity; the temperature of the seawater is 18-30 ℃, the salinity is 30-35ppt, and the pH is 8.00-8.60;
b. mating and spawning: when the snail appears in copulation, the male individual stretches out of the penis and inserts into the fertilized sac of the female individual to release sperms, the female individual finishes fertilization after copulation, and the female individual produces the oocysts after copulation;
c. embryo hatching: after the oocysts are found, cleaning the area around the oocysts, finding female snails discharging the oocysts, keeping the female snails in a culture tank, transferring other fadrome parents out, completing incubation of fertilized eggs under the conditions of 23-28 ℃, salinity of 32-33ppt and pH of 8.02-8.62, and releasing larvae; at the moment, stopping flowing water, changing into inflation hatching, and finishing the embryo hatching process when the top end of the oocysts has a crack and the early-stage lachnus larvae spontaneously move into seawater; the whole germ cell development process of the fertilized egg is completed in the oocyst, and the embryo undergoes fertilized egg, two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell, multi-cell, mulberry stage, cyst embryo and trochlear larva stage to early-stage face plate larva;
d. and (3) larva culture: collecting early-stage dough pan larvae, putting into a larva culture tank, and performing larva culture at a density of 0.1-0.2/ml by micro-aeration; the larva takes chaetoceros, diatom and yeast as baits, and the total amount of the larva is 3-5 ten thousand cells/ml per day; under the conditions of 24-28 ℃ of temperature, 32-33ppt of salinity and 8.02-8.60 of pH, the early-stage face plate larvae pass through the middle-stage face plate larvae after being cultured, reach the later-stage face plate larvae, enter the attachment creeping stage, are fed with shrimp slices and artemia larvae for food habit conversion and domestication besides the unicellular algae, and are deformed to form young shellfish;
e. culturing juvenile mollusks: juvenile mollusks have disappeared facial plates and obvious operculums, crawl with the feet, develop a head tentacle, change the life style from planktonic to benthic, and change the food habit from vegetational to carnivorous; during the period, the shrimp slices and the oyster meat crushed meat paste need to be fed, and the feeding amount is determined according to the food intake of the young shellfish; after each feeding, the young shellfish smells the smell, climbs to the position of the food, and takes food; feeding young shellfish by using running water, wherein the running water frequency is 1-2 cycles/d of the volume of the culture water body; the juvenile mollusks are bred and developed into juvenile mollusks.
2. The method for cultivating young mollusks of mollusks according to claim 1, wherein the ripening is carried out by adopting a running water mode, a micro-aeration mode and a semi-shading mode.
3. The method for culturing young mollusks of mollusk according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that, the method for feeding the echinoderm of starfish as the bait comprises the steps of feeding the long-thorn starfish and the spur starfish as the bait.
4. The method for culturing young mollusks of mollusk according to claim 1, wherein the early collecting of the larvae of the mollusk is that the body length of the larvae of the mollusk is about 500 μm, and the larvae of the mollusk are collected by using a 200 μm mesh bolting silk net.
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