CN109791896A - 加快在半导体装置制作中的光谱测量 - Google Patents

加快在半导体装置制作中的光谱测量 Download PDF

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CN109791896A
CN109791896A CN201780061450.3A CN201780061450A CN109791896A CN 109791896 A CN109791896 A CN 109791896A CN 201780061450 A CN201780061450 A CN 201780061450A CN 109791896 A CN109791896 A CN 109791896A
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CN109791896B (zh
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V·音麦
T·马西安诺
E·拉维特
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Abstract

本发明揭示一种用于在校准、叠对及配方创建期间通过白光照射的干涉光谱学而加快半导体装置制作期间的计量活动中的光谱测量的装置及方法。

Description

加快在半导体装置制作中的光谱测量
背景技术
通常,与半导体装置制造相关联的计量活动中所使用的光谱信息是在校准、叠对活动、配方创建及其它计量活动期间通过相对耗时光谱测量而获取。光谱测量多次增加总体处理时间,借此减小过程效率。因此,需要对稳健光谱信息的权宜获取,从而以保持制作速度及效率的方式实现宽广范围的计量活动。
发明内容
根据本发明的教示,提供一种干涉光谱学计量工具,所述干涉光谱学计量工具包含:干涉显微镜,其经配置以在聚焦透镜的垂直输送期间依据源自白光照射的光射束创建干涉图,所述干涉图是由与所述干涉显微镜相关联的单像素检测器捕获;及计算机,其经配置以通过将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图上而使所述干涉图再现为频谱。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述光射束包含从宽带反射器反射的射束以便在所述干涉图中表征所述白光照射的光谱。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述宽带反射器被实施为镜。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述宽带反射器被实施为裸硅。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述光射束包含从经处理晶片反射的射束以便在所述干涉图中表征白光照射的光谱与所述经处理晶片的光谱反射率的光谱的乘积。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述干涉显微镜包含林尼克(Linnik)分束器立方体。
根据本发明的教示,还提供一种加快在半导体装置制作计量中的光谱数据的获取的方法;所述方法包含
借助干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成两个光射束;
在单像素检测器上接收干涉图,所述干涉图是由所述光射束的重新组合形成;及将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图以便使所述干涉图再现为表征所述白光照射的频谱。
根据本发明的额外特征,还提供将所述光射束中的一者从宽带反射器反射出。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述宽带反射器被实施为镜。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述宽带反射器被实施为裸晶片。
根据本发明的教示,还提供借助所述干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成参考光射束及测试光射束;
在叠对序列期间于所述白光照射的聚焦期间,在所述单像素检测器上捕获干涉图,所述干涉图是由所述光射束的重新组合形成,所述测试光射束是从具有微结构的经处理晶片反射;及将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图以便使所述干涉图再现为表征所述白光照射及所述经处理晶片的光谱反射率两者的复合频谱。
根据本发明的额外特征,还提供将所述复合频谱除以所述白光照射的所述频谱以便产生表征所述经处理晶片的反射率的频谱。
根据本发明的教示,还提供一种干涉光谱学计量工具,所述干涉光谱学计量工具包含:干涉显微镜,其经配置以依据白光照射创建干涉图,所述显微镜具有:可水平输送的参考镜或可输送分束器立方体;聚焦透镜,其固定于距经处理晶片一焦距处;二维像素阵列检测器,其经配置以根据源自所述白光照射的光射束的改变的光学路径距离来捕获多个像素特有干涉图;及计算机,其经配置以将傅里叶变换应用于所述像素特有干涉图中的每一者上以便产生与所述经处理晶片的每一对应区域相关联的像素特有频谱。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述计算机进一步经配置以构造至少一个所选择形心波长与相应所选择带宽的合成图像。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述计算机进一步经配置以将度量应用于所述合成图像。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述度量是选自由所述经处理晶片的叠对度量调查区(ROI)、平均反射率、3S、对比度及目标不对称性组成的群组。
根据本发明的教示,还提供一种加快在半导体装置制作计量中的高光谱数据的获取的方法,所述方法包含:借助干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成两个光射束;在维持经处理晶片上的聚焦的同时改变所述光射束所行进的光学路径距离;根据所述光射束所行进的所述改变的光学路径距离在二维像素阵列检测器上捕获像素特有干涉图;将傅里叶变换应用于每一像素特有干涉图以便产生所述经处理晶片的像素特有频谱;及指派与所选择像素、形心频率及带宽成比例的像素灰阶。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述改变所述光学路径距离是通过所述参考镜的水平输送而实施。
根据本发明的额外特征,所述改变所述光学路径距离是通过所述分束器的输送而实施。
附图说明
在说明书的结束部分中特别指出且明确主张被视为本发明的标的物。关于本发明,鉴于附图参考以下详细说明最清晰地理解构成组件以及其配置与特征、操作方法、目的及优点,在所述附图中:
图1是根据实施例的采用干涉成像显微镜、被实施为单像素检测器的成像叠对工具的示意图;
图2是根据实施例的由图1的成像叠对工具捕获的干涉图;
图3A是根据实施例的从图2的干涉图的傅里叶导出的频谱;
图3B是根据实施例的用光谱仪测量的频谱,其描绘与从图3A的干涉图的傅里叶导出的频谱的实质对应性。
图4是根据实施例的在聚焦于叠对序列中的同时加快光谱数据的获取的方法的流程图;
图5是根据实施例的采用干涉成像显微镜、被实施为像素阵列检测器的成像叠对工具的示意图;
图6是根据实施例的由图5的成像叠对工具捕获的像素特有干涉图的干涉图集合;
图7是根据实施例的从图6的像素特有干涉图中的每一者的傅里叶导出的频谱集合;
图8是根据实施例的加快经处理晶片的高光谱成像的方法的流程图;且
图9是根据实施例的组合式干涉显微镜叠对与高光谱成像工具的示意图;
应了解,图元件并未按比例绘制,且为了清晰起见,各种图中的对应元件以完全相同方式被标示。
具体实施方式
在以下说明中,陈述众多细节以促进对本发明的清晰理解,且应了解,可在不具有这些特定细节的情况下实践本发明。此外,省略众所周知的方法、组件及程序以突出显示本发明。
将贯穿本文件使用以下术语:
“计量活动”包含且并不限于任何一个计量测试或组合式计量测试:
“叠对计量(OVL)”是指用于评估以特定波长最有效评估的上部层图案与下部层图案之间的对准的技术。
OVL方差被计算为内叠对目标及外叠对目标的对称中心之间的差。
“内核3S(Kernel3S)”是指为通过相同叠对目标的三个不同上覆部分计算的OVL的方差的三倍的度量。当高值可指示不良可携性、随目标的变化、条配方时,其应为尽可能小的
“相位线性度”是指指示如由不同谐波的贡献给出的OVL的方差的度量。
“离焦(through focus)”是被实施为随焦点位置而变的叠对变化的度量。
“对比精度”是指目标之间的对比度且随由光栅结构图像处理的可测量高对比度而变。
应了解,像素特有干涉图或光谱与对应晶片位点相关联。
本发明是在半导体装置制作中采用的干涉光谱学计量工具。在一个实施例中,所述工具被实施为经配置以在叠对序列期间识别最优焦点位置的过度工具,且在另一实施例中,所述工具被实施为促进在配方创建及其它度量的高光谱成像工具。
参考图1及2,图1是干涉光谱学计量工具的示意性描绘,所述干涉光谱学计量工具包含连结到干涉成像显微镜1的计算机6,干涉成像显微镜1具有分束器立方体2、聚焦立方体3、可水平输送的参考镜4、单像素聚焦检测器5、可垂直输送的聚焦透镜7、水平聚焦透镜15及镜筒透镜19。
在聚焦透镜7在叠对序列中沿方向Z的垂直输送期间,白光照射8由分束器立方体2分裂成水平射束12(并被引导到参考镜4)及垂直光射束13(并被引导到宽带反射器9)。经反射光射束12及13在分束器立方体2处被重新组合,如在此项技术中已知。根据实施例,经重新组合射束14通过镜筒透镜19而引导到聚焦立方体3且然后被引导到单像素检测器5。当水平光射束12与垂直光射束13之间的光学路径差(OPD)接近零时,当强度曲线图随OPD(以微米为单位)而变地计数时,连结到单像素检测器5的计算机6产生干涉图,如图2中所描绘。最好焦点被识别为来自干涉图的包络的最大振幅点。如傅里叶变换光谱学(FTS)领域的技术人员已知,计算机6通过应用傅里叶变换而使干涉图再现为频谱,举例来说,如在罗伯特·约翰·贝尔的“傅里叶变换光谱学导论”中陈述。
图3A描绘在傅里叶变换之后图2的干涉图的白光光谱特性的频谱,且图3B是通过直接测量、通过光谱测量获得的频谱。两个经正规化光谱的比较展示经FTS导出的光谱与所测量光谱的相似性。图3A到3B的光谱之间的偏差是未以在光谱仪中所采用的检测器对在FTS光谱中所采用的单像素检测器5的回应度进行正规化的结果。
返回到图1,如所展示,首先将垂直光射束13引导到被实施为镜或者裸晶片的宽带反射器9。白光照射的所得光谱可用以校准照射光谱。
在获得校准光谱之后,针对经处理晶片14重复过程以便产生复合光谱,所述复合光谱是白光照射光谱与经处理晶片14的光谱回应度的乘积。
图4描绘根据实施例的用于在叠对序列期间加快光谱数据的获取的流程图,且所述流程图被划分成两个阶段;校准状态30及获取阶段34。如所展示,在步骤31处,从宽带反射器9反射白光照射及垂直光射束,如上所述。在步骤32处,捕获干涉图,在步骤33处,将干涉图变换成白光照射的频谱或波长谱。获取阶段34在步骤35处开始,在步骤35中,再次将额外白光照射分裂成两个射束,且将垂直射束引导到经处理晶片14,如图1中所描绘。在步骤36中,当在叠对序列期间聚焦透镜7且将参考镜4固持于单个位置中时捕获干涉图。在步骤37中,执行干涉图的傅里叶变换以产生照射与晶片反射率的复合光谱。在步骤38中,通过将复合光谱除以照射光谱而使所述复合光谱再现为反射率光谱,如此项技术中已知。
当干涉光谱学计量工具被实施为叠对工具时,其通过扩宽其用途以在不存在光谱仪的情况下提供照射源的光谱测量及晶片反射率而有利地利用现有林尼克分束器干涉仪。当目标是宽带反射器时,所述工具可用以校准照射源工具(如上所述),且当目标被实施为经处理晶片时,所述工具促进可用于评估过程变化及配方创建中的光谱反射率映图的产生。此外,所导出的光谱频率数据可有利地用以校正因晶片过程参数(举例来说,如同膜厚度、折射率)的偏差所致的偏斜叠对测量。
另外,所需干涉数据是在于叠对序列中聚焦期间获取,而不会影响OVL测量时间。
图5描绘被实施为高光谱成像工具的干涉光谱学计量工具的实施例,所述高光谱成像工具经配置以根据以干涉方式导出的反射率光谱的形心来合成图像。
所述工具包含可水平输送的干涉显微镜1h,可水平输送的干涉显微镜1h采用像素阵列检测器(相机)10、可垂直输送的分束器立方体2、聚焦立方体3、可水平输送的参考镜4、聚焦透镜7(其固持于距目标一焦距处)、水平聚焦透镜15、镜筒透镜19、计算机6h(其连结到像素阵列检测器10且经配置以将每一像素特有干涉图再现为像素特有反射率光谱)。在特定实施例中,计算机6h进一步经配置以在反射率光谱的基础上合成与所选择形心波长及所选择带宽成比例的合成图像。应了解,计算机6h包含所有必要输入及输出设备。
图6描绘根据实施例的由相机10捕获的多个像素特有干涉图42的干涉图集合40。由相机10捕获的每一特定干涉图对应于光学成像系统中的晶片平面上的目标晶片上的特定位点,借此在晶片的每一对应位点处提供稳健光谱信息。
图7描绘根据实施例的在图6的像素特有干涉图中的每一者的傅里叶变换之后多个像素特有反射率光谱52的光谱集合50。因此,每一特定光谱在晶片的每一对应位点处提供稳健光谱信息。
图8描绘根据实施例的在各种合成图像的合成中由图6的高光谱成像工具采用的操作步骤的流程图。
在步骤61中,由分束器2分裂白光照射8,在步骤62中,在维持经处理目标晶片14上的聚焦的同时调制射束12及13的光学路径距离。可通过各种方案调制12及13的光学路径。在特定实施例中,光的光学路径调制是通过使分束器2水平地或垂直地输送或者在另一实施例中在将分束器2固持于相同位置中的同时使参考镜4输送而实现,然而在另一实施例中,光学路径调制是通过这两种方法的组合而实现。
在步骤64中,由相机10依据经重新组合光射束12及13捕获像素特有干涉图集合40(如图6中所展示)。相机10的每一像素对应于晶片位点使得每一所捕获干涉图对应于从其反射光12的晶片的特定位置,如上所述。
在步骤67中,计算机6h将傅里叶变换应用于干涉图集合40中的每一像素特有干涉图42以便使所述像素特有干涉图再现为像素特有频谱52的光谱集合50,如此项技术中已知。
在步骤68中,指派与所选择像素、形心频率及所选择带宽成比例的像素灰阶。应了解,在特定实施例中,同时采用多个像素形心以提供所要解析度。应了解,在特定实施例中,灰阶被实施为色彩级或强度级。
在步骤69中,显示像素阵列检测器的像素灰阶以准备与适当度量一起使用。
干涉光谱学在经处理晶片的高光谱成像中的应用通过将通常的多个习用光谱测量减少为单个干涉测量而有利地提供显著时间节省,所述单个干涉测量在再现为光谱之后在晶片的每一位置处提供稳健光谱信息。可在研究及开发期间利用此光谱信息来创建用于客户操作的最优操作参数配方,确定适当叠对参数,且根据最适合于所选择计量工具的波长提供各种波长观看选项。
图9描绘以相机10及单像素检测器5两者(除上文所描述的硬件及配置之外)来实施的组合式干涉光谱学计量工具的实施例。所述组合式干涉光谱学计量工具根据计量需求有利地提供叠对工具或者高光谱成像功能性。
尽管本文中已图解说明并描述了本发明的特定特征,但所属领域的技术人员现在将能想到许多修改、替换、改变及等效形式。因此,应理解,所附权利要求书打算涵盖归属于本发明的真正精神内的所有这些修改及改变。

Claims (19)

1.一种干涉光谱学计量工具,其包括:
干涉显微镜,其经配置以在聚焦透镜的垂直输送期间依据源自白光照射的光射束创建干涉图,所述干涉图是由与所述干涉显微镜相关联的单像素检测器捕获;及
计算机,其经配置以通过将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图上而使所述干涉图再现为频谱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中所述光射束包含从宽带反射器反射的射束以便在所述干涉图中表征所述白光照射的光谱。
3.根据权利要求2所述的工具,其中所述宽带反射器被实施为镜。
4.根据权利要求2所述的工具,其中所述宽带反射器被实施为裸硅。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中所述光射束包含从经处理晶片反射的射束以便在所述干涉图中表征白光照射的光谱与所述经处理晶片的光谱反射率的光谱的乘积。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工具,其中所述干涉显微镜包含林尼克分束器立方体。
7.一种加快在半导体装置制作计量中的光谱数据的获取的方法;所述方法包括:
借助干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成两个光射束;
在单像素检测器上接收干涉图,所述干涉图是由所述光射束的重新组合形成;及
将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图以便使所述干涉图再现为表征所述白光照射的频谱。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括将所述光射束中的一者从宽带反射器反射出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述宽带反射器被实施为镜。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述宽带反射器被实施为裸晶片。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括:
借助所述干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成参考光射束及测试光射束;
在叠对序列期间于所述白光照射的聚焦期间,在所述单像素检测器上捕获干涉图,所述干涉图是由所述光射束的重新组合形成,所述测试光射束是从具有微结构的经处理晶片反射;及
将傅里叶变换应用于所述干涉图以便使所述干涉图再现为表征所述白光照射及所述经处理晶片的光谱反射率两者的复合频谱。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括将所述复合频谱除以所述白光照射的所述频谱以便产生表征所述经处理晶片的反射率的频谱。
13.一种干涉光谱学计量工具,其包括:
干涉显微镜,其经配置以依据白光照射创建干涉图,所述显微镜具有:
可水平输送的参考镜或可输送分束器立方体,
聚焦透镜,其固定于距经处理晶片一焦距处;
二维像素阵列检测器,其经配置以根据源自所述白光照射的光射束的改变的光学路径距离捕获多个像素特有干涉图;及
计算机,其经配置以将傅里叶变换应用于所述像素特有干涉图中的每一者上以便产生与所述经处理晶片的每一对应区域相关联的像素特有频谱。
14.根据权利要求13所述的工具,其中所述计算机进一步经配置以构造至少一个所选择形心波长与相应所选择带宽的合成图像。
15.根据权利要求13所述的工具,其中所述计算机进一步经配置以将度量应用于所述合成图像。
16.根据权利要求13所述的工具,其中所述度量是选自由所述经处理晶片的叠对度量调查区ROI、平均反射率、3S、对比度及目标不对称性组成的群组。
17.一种加快在半导体装置制作计量中的高光谱数据的获取的方法,所述方法包括:
借助干涉显微镜将白光照射分裂成两个光射束;
在维持经处理晶片上的聚焦的同时改变所述光射束所行进的光学路径距离;
根据所述光射束所行进的所述改变的光学路径距离在二维像素阵列检测器上捕获像素特有干涉图;
将傅里叶变换应用于每一像素特有干涉图以便产生所述经处理晶片的像素特有频谱;及
指派与所选择像素、形心频率及带宽成比例的像素灰阶。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述改变所述光学路径距离是通过参考镜的水平输送而实施。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述改变所述光学路径距离是通过分束器的输送而实施。
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