CN109769630A - A kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato and preparation method thereof and cultivation method of tomatoes - Google Patents
A kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato and preparation method thereof and cultivation method of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN109769630A CN109769630A CN201910072665.6A CN201910072665A CN109769630A CN 109769630 A CN109769630 A CN 109769630A CN 201910072665 A CN201910072665 A CN 201910072665A CN 109769630 A CN109769630 A CN 109769630A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to composite interstitial substance of a kind of cultivated tomato and preparation method thereof and cultivation method of tomatoes.It includes the following components: Sparassis crispa, peanut meal and river sand.The pH value of the composite interstitial substance is set as 5.0~7.5, and conductivity value is set as 0.5~2.5ms/cm, and bulk density is set as 0.1~0.8g/cm3, total porosity is 54%~96%.The preparation method of composite interstitial substance includes the following steps a, and the Sparassis crispa, peanut meal are respectively sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up within 35~50 days fermentation, turning 1 time, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermentation Sparassis crispa and fermented peanut meal.The present invention can make plant strain growth performance good, and single plant yield, single plant number highest, chlorophyll, root activity, root system volume is higher, and economic benefit is relatively high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tomato cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato and preparation method thereof
And cultivation method of tomatoes.
Background technique
Tomato (Solanumly copersicum) is the herbaceos perennial of Solanaceae Solanum tomato subgenus, also known as western red
Persimmon, tomato." kind " word of tomato is also accidentally write " luxuriant " of grass-character-head sometimes.Central and south america is originated in, China is each
Ground is generally cultivated, and summer and autumn produces more.It is now planted extensively in worldwide as edible vegetables and fruits, it is generally recognized that one
Kind food full of nutrition.
In recent years, higher and higher to the quality requirements of the food such as vegetables with the enhancing of people's Consciousness of food security, and
The increase of Cultivation time, in addition vegetable grower blindly puts into chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in facility cultivation；Soil physico-chemical property is deteriorated to lead
The problem of causing continuous cropping obstacle, soil microflora imbalance and soil secondary salinization is serious；Tomato yield is caused to decline, nitric acid
Salt largely accumulates, quality decline.Therefore soil and quality of vegetable problem will seriously affect the development of booth vegetable.It must develop
Novel agricultural planting patterns solve.
Sparassis crispa also known as silk ball mushroom, Classification system are Sparassis crispa, are non-pleat hole Zoopagales, silk ball Cordycepps, embroider
Coccus.Medium to the big shape of fructification, meat, by issuing many branches on a sturdy handle, branch end forms countless complications
Limb is similar to huge silk ball and gains the name.Sparassis crispa is the raw bacterium of wood.Common mushroom growth is in the back, and silk ball mushroom needs daily
The irradiation of 10h or more is unique in the world " sunlight mushroom ".
The technology of soilless cultivation tomato in the prior art, since the defect of culture substrate causes the growth of tomato plant to lack
It falls into, the nutritional ingredient synthesis of the underproduction or tomato that lead to tamato fruit is insufficient, and final mass is not high, can not industrialized development.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato, improves compound
Matrix improves the quality of tomato for the absorptivity of tomato.
With this corresponding, another technical purpose solved of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned composite interstitial substance,
The bioavailability of nutriment in composite interstitial substance can be improved, and then improves tomato absorptivity.
With this corresponding, another technical purpose solved of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of soilless cultivation tomato, plant
Well-grown makes full use of agricultural wastes, reduces environmental pollution, and can solve the defect of conventional soil cultivation, improves tomato
The growth indexes and yield of fruit.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention uses include: by Sparassis crispa, peanut meal and river sand system
At the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato, the fertilizer comprising composite interstitial substance, can be using composite interstitial substance and fertilizer soilless cultivation tomato
Method.
A kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato comprising following components: Sparassis crispa, peanut meal and river sand.Sparassis crispa can mention
For nutrition abundant.In Season in Fuqing Region, tomato is colonized 2200 plants per acre, and yield per mu yield may be up to 8000kg or so.Fujian is as complete
The maximum edible mushroom producing region of state, Sparassis crispa source relative abundance, peanut meal source are very convenient.If with Sparassis crispa, peanut meal,
Fine sand is raw material, carries out the soilless cultivation of tomato organic substrate by the proportion of different proportion, will establish section to current problem is solved
The about production system of resource protects resource and environment；Implement clean manufacturing, improves tomato quality and have a very important significance.
As the further improvement of composite interstitial substance, composite interstitial substance of the invention includes following components in parts by weight, is embroidered
5~9 parts of coccus, 1~4 part of peanut meal, 1~4 part of river sand, by experiment match and calculate it is found that the above parts by weight proportion
Under, and its proper height larger in tomato plant height and stem thickness to the cultivation of tomato plant, plant strain growth performance is good, and single plant produces
Amount, single plant number highest, chlorophyll, root activity, root system volume is higher, and economic benefit is relatively high.Wherein, Sparassis crispa and flower
For the raw dregs of rice all without drying, Sparassis crispa is preferably the Sparassis crispa of fresh picking.Peanut meal is to refine oil plant from shelled peanut through squeezing
Product afterwards needs not move through drying process.
Preferably, said components are respectively 7~8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1~3 part of peanut meal, river sand 1~3 in parts by weight
Part.
Preferably, said components are respectively 8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1 part of peanut meal, 1 part of river sand in parts by weight.
In order to improve the utilization rate of composite interstitial substance, the pH value of composite interstitial substance is set as 5.0~7.5, and conductivity value is set as
0.5~2.5ms/cm, bulk density are set as 0.1~0.8g/cm3, total porosity is 54%~96%.
For the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the present invention is to solve the preparation method of the composite interstitial substance of the technical problem
The following steps are included: composite interstitial substance is made after mixing with river sand after Sparassis crispa and peanut meal are fermented respectively.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the fermentation process of the peanut meal is, peanut meal film is close
Envelope, banks up fermentation for 35~50 days, turning 1 time, obtains fermented peanut meal in fermentation process after fermentation.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the fermentation process of the Sparassis crispa is that will be added in Sparassis crispa
The potassium chloride of its weight 1~5% is placed on to ferment in closed environment, and the environment temperature of fermentation is 25~37 DEG C, the time
It is 4~7 days, obtains fermentation Sparassis crispa after fermentation.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are mixed
Afterwards, add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer be uniformly mixed obtain composite interstitial substance.
For the method for soilless cultivation tomato, the present invention is to solve the side of the soilless cultivation tomato of the technical problem
Method, comprising the following steps:
S1: composite interstitial substance prepares: it is spare that composite interstitial substance being prepared according to the method for claim 5；
S2: it Seeds preprocess: by tomato seeds with 4~6h is fumigated under 40~45 DEG C of vapor closed environment, then is placed in
10~30s is in the alcoholic solution that concentration is 70~80% to sterilize；
S3: tomato seedling: tomato seedling is cultivated until length obtains tomato plant to four Ye Yixin；
S4: the tomato plant that S3 is obtained is colonized in composite interstitial substance described in S1, is protected from light processing, and drip irrigation pipe irrigates
Water；Fertilising in every 7 days expects that pouring root is primary, applies fertilizer 13~16 times altogether.
S5: to tomato plant Post flowering, carrying out fruit thinning in time, pinches after the 4th string is beared fruit.
Fertilizer described in the method S4 of soilless cultivation tomato of the present invention combined by urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate and
At, nitrogen that the fertilizer that every plant of tomato plant sprays in total is eventually converted into, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, weight is respectively 6~
20g, 3~10g, 17~53g.
Preferably nitrogen content is 13.0g/ plants, and phosphorus content is 6.5g/ plants, and potassium content is 34.5g/ plants.
In order to fix plant and the composite interstitial substance of tomato, by composite interstitial substance in above-mentioned S4 embed PLA mesh skeleton
Afterwards, then by tomato plant definite value；The PLA skeleton is printed using 3D technology, and Method of printing includes that next coming in order carry out
The step of: skeleton pattern is established using 3D mapping software and is imported in laser 3D printing machine；3D printer setting prints thickness
0.07~0.09mm, 150~190mm/s of print speed；The temperature in control printing place is 26~28 DEG C；It is put into 180~210 DEG C
PLA after lower thawing, printout；Fertilizer is sprayed in finished surface, is placed under 26~28 DEG C of environment, 5~10h, which is air-dried, to be completed
Solidification, obtains PLA mesh skeleton.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a kind of novel biology base and recyclable organism degradable material, is provided using reproducible plant
The starch raw material that source (such as corn, cassava etc.) is proposed is made.Starch raw material obtains glucose via saccharification, then by glucose and
The lactic acid of high-purity is made in certain strain fermentation, then the polylactic acid of certain molecular weight is synthesized by chemical synthesis process.It has
There is good biodegradability, can be degradable under given conditions by microorganism in nature after use, ultimately generate two
Carbonoxide and water.
The skeleton being prepared by this programme, a part of fertilizer as skeleton main part, and on the surface of skeleton
Uniform fold during meeting plant cultivation, needs the requirement of more fertilizer early period.This method skeleton main body passes through 3D printing skill
Art manufacture, and fertilizer is sprayed by spray process, by 3D printing technique combination spray process, is produced and is met tomato growth
The plant skeleton of range request is crossed, PLA is slowly degraded into carbon dioxide and moisture in the cultivating process of tomato, provides for tomato
Nutrient.
(3) beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. Sparassis crispa included by composite interstitial substance of the present invention, peanut meal and river sand refer to the various growths of tomato plant
Mark, which all has, to be greatly facilitated.Our experiments show that composite interstitial substance can make plant strain growth performance good, and single plant yield, single plant number
Highest, chlorophyll, root activity, root system volume is higher, and economic benefit is relatively high.
2. matrix is made after Sparassis crispa and peanut meal ferment by means of the present invention, it is applied to tomato soil-less culture,
Tomato plant is significantly improved to its utilization rate, improves yield and other growth indexes.
3. composite interstitial substance of the present invention is sought by allotment pH value, conductivity value, bulk density, the different dimension of total porosity to improve
Support the absorptivity of substance.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, below by specific embodiment, present invention work is retouched in detail
It states.
The specific embodiment of the composite interstitial substance of I cultivated tomato
A kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato comprising following components: Sparassis crispa, peanut meal and river sand.Of the invention answers
Closing matrix includes following components in parts by weight, 5~9 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1~4 part of peanut meal, 1~4 part of river sand.On preferred
The parts by weight for stating component are respectively 7~8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1~3 part of peanut meal, 1~3 part of river sand.Further preferably, above-mentioned group
The parts by weight divided are respectively 8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1 part of peanut meal, 1 part of river sand.The pH value of above-mentioned composite interstitial substance is set as 5.0~
7.5, conductivity value is set as 0.5~2.5ms/cm, and bulk density is set as 0.1~0.8g/cm3, total porosity is 54%~96%.
PH value is counted by PH and is measured, and adjusts pH value by acetic acid or hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide；Conductivity passes through conductivity
Instrument measurement, and by inorganic salts, it is adjusted such as sodium chloride；Bulk density is determined by electronic-weighing and measuring device measures, total porosity
It is 54%~96%, can be measured and be adjusted with drainage.
After the preparation method of above-mentioned composite interstitial substance is the following steps are included: Sparassis crispa and peanut meal are fermented respectively, with river sand
Composite interstitial substance is made after mixing.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, peanut meal is respectively sealed with plastic film, is banked up within 35~50 days
It ferments, turning 1 time in fermentation process, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermented peanut meal.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the chlorination of its weight 1~5% will be added in the Sparassis crispa
It ferments in potassium closed environment, the environment temperature of fermentation is 25~37 DEG C, and the time is 4~7 days, obtains fermentation after fermentation and embroiders
Coccus.
In the preferred scheme of the preparation method of composite interstitial substance, the fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are mixed
Afterwards, it adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and obtains composite interstitial substance after mixing.
Wherein, calcium magnesium phosphate, main component be 12% phosphorus pentoxide, the complete calcic of nutrition, magnesium, iron, sulphur, boron, silicon,
Microelement in zinc etc., potassium oxide 1%, magnesia 10%, ferrous oxide 3%, silica 23%, calcium oxide 32% are commercially available
In agricultural materials market.
The present invention provides the embodiment of above-mentioned composite interstitial substance and preparation method thereof:
Embodiment 1: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato, mainly by 5 parts by weight of Sparassis crispa, 1 parts by weight of peanut meal, 1 weight of river sand
Amount part is made, wherein manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 5.0, conductivity value 0.5ms/cm, bulk density 0.1g/cm3, total pore space
Degree is 54%.Above-mentioned peanut meal is respectively sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 45 days, during which turning 1 time, fills its fermentation
Get fermented peanut meal, ferments being added in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 1%, the temperature of fermentation
It is 25 DEG C, obtains within fermentation time 4 days fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand is mixed by weight
It is even, matrix is obtained, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts pH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
Embodiment 2: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato is mainly made of 9 parts of Sparassis crispa, 4 parts of peanut meal, 4 parts of river sand, wherein
Manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 7.5, conductivity value 2.5ms/cm, bulk density 0.8g/cm3, total porosity 96%.It will be upper
It states peanut meal respectively to be sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 35 days, during which turning 1 time, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermentation flower
The raw dregs of rice, ferment being added in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 5% in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa, and the temperature of fermentation is 37 DEG C, fermentation
Fermentation Sparassis crispa was obtained within time 7 days, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are uniformly mixed by weight, obtain matrix,
And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts PH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
Embodiment 3: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato is mainly made of 7 parts of Sparassis crispa, 3 parts of peanut meal, 4 parts of river sand, wherein
Manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 6.0, conductivity value 2ms/cm, bulk density 0.5g/cm3, total porosity 70%.It will be above-mentioned
Peanut meal is respectively sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 50 days, during which turning 1 time, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermenting peanut
The dregs of rice ferment being added in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 2.5% in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa, and the temperature of fermentation is 36 DEG C, fermentation
Fermentation Sparassis crispa was obtained within time 4 days, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are uniformly mixed by weight, obtain matrix,
And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts PH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
Embodiment 4: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato is mainly made of 8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1 part of peanut meal, 1 part of river sand, wherein
Manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 6.5, conductivity value 1.5ms/cm, bulk density 0.6g/cm3, total porosity 75%.It will be upper
It states peanut meal respectively to be sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 38 days, during which turning 1 time, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermentation flower
The raw dregs of rice, ferment being added in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 4% in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa, and the temperature of fermentation is 26 DEG C, fermentation
Fermentation Sparassis crispa was obtained within time 5 days, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are uniformly mixed by weight, obtain matrix,
And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts PH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
Embodiment 5: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato is mainly made of 6 parts of Sparassis crispa, 2 parts of peanut meal, 3 parts of river sand, wherein
Manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 7.0, conductivity value 1ms/cm, bulk density 0.3g/cm3, total porosity 65%.It will be above-mentioned
Peanut meal is respectively sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 45 days, during which turning 1 time, so that it is fermented and is sufficiently obtained and the flower that ferments
The raw dregs of rice, ferment being added in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 3% in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa, and the temperature of fermentation is 30 DEG C, fermentation
Fermentation Sparassis crispa was obtained within time 6 days, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are uniformly mixed by weight, obtain matrix,
And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts PH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
Embodiment 6: the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato is mainly made of 9 parts of Sparassis crispa, 4 parts of peanut meal, 3 parts of river sand, wherein
Manufactured composite interstitial substance pH value is 5.5, conductivity value 2.3ms/cm, bulk density 0.6g/cm3, total porosity 86%.It will be upper
It states peanut meal respectively to be sealed with plastic film, carries out banking up fermentation in 45 days, during which turning 1 time, its fermentation is made sufficiently to obtain fermentation flower
The raw dregs of rice, ferment being added in the potassium chloride closed environment of its weight 2% in above-mentioned Sparassis crispa, and the temperature of fermentation is 28 DEG C, fermentation
Fermentation Sparassis crispa was obtained within time 5 days, fermentation Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand are uniformly mixed by weight, obtain matrix,
And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added and is uniformly mixed, and adjusts PH value, conductivity and total porosity and obtains composite interstitial substance.
The specific embodiment of the method for II soilless cultivation tomato
The method of soilless cultivation tomato of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1: composite interstitial substance prepares: it is spare that composite interstitial substance being prepared according to the method for claim 5；
S2: it Seeds preprocess: by tomato seeds with 4~6h is fumigated under 40~45 DEG C of vapor closed environment, then is placed in
10~30s is in the alcoholic solution that concentration is 70~80% to sterilize；
S3: tomato seedling: tomato seedling is cultivated until length obtains tomato plant to four Ye Yixin；
S4: the tomato plant that S3 is obtained is colonized in composite interstitial substance described in S1, is protected from light processing, and drip irrigation pipe irrigates
Water；Fertilising in every 7 days expects that pouring root is primary, applies fertilizer 13~16 times altogether.
S5: after plant blossom, carrying out fruit thinning in time, pinches after the 4th string is beared fruit, controls plant height, sufficiently
Utilize fertilizer.
Fertilizer described in step S4 is by urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate group in the method for soilless cultivation tomato of the present invention
It closes, nitrogen that the fertilizer that every plant of tomato plant sprays in total is eventually converted into, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, weight is respectively 6
~20g, 3~10g, 17~53g.
Preferably nitrogen content is 13.0g/ plants, and phosphorus content is 6.5g/ plants, and potassium content is 34.5g/ plants.
Composite interstitial substance in above-mentioned S4 is embedded with PLA mesh skeleton；The PLA skeleton is printed using 3D technology,
Its method is to include the steps that next coming in order carry out: establishing skeleton pattern using 3D mapping software and imports laser 3D printing machine
It is interior；3D printer setting printing thickness is 0.07~0.09mm, 150~190mm/s of print speed；The temperature in control printing place
Degree is 26~28 DEG C；The PLA being put into after melting at 180~210 DEG C, printout；Fertilizer is sprayed in finished surface, is placed in 26
Under~28 DEG C of environment, 5~10h, which is air-dried, completes solidification, obtains PLA mesh skeleton.Wherein, the temperature for printing place is preferably 27
DEG C, the temperature and time of air dry cure is preferably 27 DEG C, 7h.Wherein, the fertilizer sprayed in fertilizer and above-mentioned steps S4 is identical.
The specific embodiment of the method for soilless cultivation tomato of the present invention,
Composite interstitial substance will be prepared according to the preparation method of embodiment 4, it is spare.Tomato is seeded in the cave equipped with seedling medium
Nursery is carried out in disk, when plant grows to four leaves wholeheartedly, chooses the black nutritive that the consistent plant of growing way is colonized in unified specification
In alms bowl, every alms bowl assembles preprepared composite interstitial substance 6L.Layer of polyethylene polybag is cased in nutritive cube, soil is isolated
Pest and disease damage, and play water storage.Each nutritive cube carries out listing mark, is sprinkled profoundly water after field planting with drip irrigation pipe, with backsight plant
Growth and weather conditions carry out water management, fertilising in every 7 days expects that pouring root is primary, fertilising 15 times altogether, to need to add soil fertility quality
Plant carry out fertilizer root irrigation carry out fruit thinning in time after plant blossom, after the 4th string bear fruit after pinch, control
Plant height makes full use of fertilizer.
14 proportions are arranged with regard to dose: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 and 14, respectively every time
The formula of dose, dose (table 1), each 1 plant of processing are repeated 4 times.
Table 1
Carry out physiological index determining respectively to the tomato that the above formula is cultivated: tape measure and vernier caliper survey stem thickness；Stem
Height root activity；Chlorophyll content is measured with spectrophotometry；Root system volume is measured with drainage.
The experimental data of measurement is as follows:
1. influence of the Different Fertilization to tomato plant height, stem thickness, yield
It can be obtained from table 2, do not apply fertilizer No. 1 N0P0K0The plant height of the plant of processing and stem thickness are moderate, but yield is less, applies
Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer fruit yield can be made to increase；No. 6 N2P2K2Average every plant of yield highest of processing mode, mean fruit weight and
Average fruit number is moderate, and every plant of yield is up to 1.6740kg, and data are analysis shows No. 6 N2P2K2The yield of processing mode is averagely tied
Fruit number highest, No. 12 N1P1K2The plant height highest of processing mode, No. 8 N2P2K0Processing mode stem thickness highest.Comprehensive analysis shows No. 6
N2P2K2Every plant of yield of processing mode is up to 1.6740kg and strain plant strain growth shows good thus No. 6 N2P2K2Processing mode compared with
It is good.Influence of the different disposal to tomato biological characteristic and yield can obtain from table 2, the plant height for the plant that No. 1 is handled of not applying fertilizer
It is moderate with stem thickness, but yield is less, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be such that fruit yield increases；With No. 6 N2P2K2Processing mode has significantly
Difference, thus plant growing way is poor；No. 6 N2P2K2Processing mode is averaged every plant of yield highest, and every plant of yield is up to 1.6740kg
And with No. 1 N0P0K0There were significant differences for processing.Comprehensive analysis shows No. 6 N2P2K2Every plant of yield of processing mode is up to 1.6740k, and
Strain plant strain growth shows good thus No. 6 N2P2K2Processing mode is preferable.
Influence of 2 Different Fertilization of table to tomato plant height, stem thickness, yield
2. influence of the Different Fertilization to other indexs of tomato growth
Tomato growth index mainly includes stem height, stem thickness, chlorophyll, root system volume and root activity etc., the root system of plant
It is the direct user and the significant contributor of yield of matrix, root system absorbs moisture and mineral nutrient, and utilizes for plant, root system
Volume and root activity are the important indicators of root system, and the growth of tomato is had a certain effect；The high stem thickness of stem is tomato growing way
Direct indicator, can reflect the upgrowth situation of tomato；The synthesis of tomato leaf Determination of Chlorophyll also affects the growth tool of tomato
It plays an important role.Therefore stem is high, and stem thickness, chlorophyll, the growth indexes such as root system volume and root activity are both measurement tamato fruit
The important indicator of growth and the yield of tamato fruit have important influence.
3 tomato growth achievement data of table
4 nitrogen of table, phosphorus, potassium and the index related analysis of tomato growth
Note: * indicates that correlation reaches the level of signifiance (P < 0.05), and * * indicates correlation up to extremely significant horizontal (P < 0.01).
Chlorophyll a is positively correlated with nitrogen content, negatively correlated with phosphorus content, potassium content；Chlorophyll b contains with nitrogen content, phosphorus
Amount is positively correlated, but correlation is to reach significant difference；Chlorophyll is positively correlated with nitrogen content, phosphorus content, but correlation is equal
To reach significant difference level.
Root activity is negatively correlated with phosphorus content；It is positively correlated, is positively correlated with potassium in significant, it is seen that potassium contains with nitrogen content
Amount has facilitation to root activity；Root system volume and nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content are negatively correlated, and wherein phosphorus content, potassium contain
The correlation of amount is not significant, but reaches the level of signifiance (P=0.01) with the correlation of nitrogen content, it is seen that nitrogen content is to root system volume
Growth play inhibiting effect.
Stem thickness is positively correlated with nitrogen content, negatively correlated with phosphorus content, potassium content, and with potassium in significant negatively correlated；It is average
Every plant of yield and nitrogen content are negatively correlated, are positively correlated with phosphorus content, potassium content, but correlation is not up to the level of signifiance.
Average every plant of yield and nitrogen content are negatively correlated, are positively correlated with phosphorus content, potassium content, but do not reach significant water
Adjustment is different.
It can be seen that in the selection course of fertilization mode, high content of phosphorus, high potassium content, low nitrogen is selected to contain in the cultivation of tomato
Amount is conducive to improve root activity；Selection low potassium content, low phosphorus content, low nitrogen content are conducive to improve root system volume；Selection is high
Nitrogen content, low potassium content, low phosphorus content are conducive to increase stem thickness.At the same time, between other nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and quality trait
There is no significant correlations, do not reduce or increase growth indexes or yield because of the selection of its rate of fertilizer, are Different Fertilization
Mode is provided simultaneously with a variety of high-quality shape performances for possibility.
(4) the tomato freezing damage index of different embodiments
A. freeze injury degree authenticates: the freeze injury degree of investigation single plant tomato plant, and specific freeze injury degree divides 0~3 grade totally 4
A rank, the specific criteria for classifying are shown in Table 5, then converse specific freezing damage index with the tomato plant of various processing, see public affairs
Formula (1).
In formula, 0,1,2,3,4,5 be freeze injury grade, a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5For freeze injury strain trees at different levels.
5 tomato plants low temperature freezing-disaster grade scale of table
B freezing damage index interpretation of result
By formula (1) can calculate Different treatments to the freezing damage index of tomato plant, can be obtained by table 6, freezing damage index
Between 40%~90%, from N horizontal analysis (N0, N1, N2 and N3),
Have the tendency that rising as N content increases freezing damage index, it is seen that；From K horizontal analysis (K0, K1, K2 and K3), with
K content increase freezing damage index have the tendency that rising；From P horizontal analysis (P0, P1, P2 and P3), as P content freezing damage index does not have
The trend changed significantly；To sum up three indexs can show that the freezing damage index of processing scheme 7 and 8 is minimum.
The frostbite index of the different disposal scheme of table 6 N, P, K
By formula (1) can calculate Different treatments to the freezing damage index of tomato plant, can be obtained by table 6, freezing damage index
Between 40%~90%, from N horizontal analysis (N0、N1、N2And N3), have the tendency that rising as N content increases freezing damage index,
It can be seen that；From K horizontal analysis (K0、K1、K2And K3), have the tendency that rising as K content increases freezing damage index；From P horizontal analysis
(P0、P1、P2And P3), the trend not changed significantly with P content freezing damage index；To sum up three indexs can show that processing is compiled
Numbers 7 and 8 tomato freezing damage indexes cultivated are minimum.
Therefore in process of production, tomato in plastic greenhouse Sparassis crispa peanut meal substrate soiless cultivation is carried out using salt fertilizer formulation 6
Technology, plant strain growth is good, and can make full use of agricultural wastes, reduce environmental pollution, and can solve conventional soil cultivation
Defect improves the growth indexes and yield of tamato fruit.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case of without departing from the principles of the present invention by understanding,
The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato, which is characterized in that include the following components: Sparassis crispa, peanut meal and river sand.
2. the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: it includes in parts by weight with the following group
Point, 5~9 parts of Sparassis crispa, 1~4 part of peanut meal and 1~4 part of river sand.
3. the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the parts by weight of each component are distinguished
For 7~8 parts of Sparassis crispa, 2~3 parts of peanut meal and 2~3 parts of river sand.
4. the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pH value of the composite interstitial substance is set as
5.0~7.5, conductivity value is set as 0.5~2.5ms/cm, and bulk density is set as 0.1~0.8g/cm3, total porosity be 54%~
96%.
5. the preparation method of the composite interstitial substance of the cultivated tomato as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, which is characterized in that its
The following steps are included: composite interstitial substance is made after mixing with river sand after Sparassis crispa and peanut meal are fermented respectively.
6. the preparation method of the composite interstitial substance of the cultivated tomato as described in right wants 5, it is characterised in that: the fermentation of the peanut meal
Method is, by peanut meal diaphragm seal, banks up within 35~50 days fermentation, turning 1 time, obtains fermenting peanut in fermentation process after fermentation
The dregs of rice.
7. the preparation method of the composite interstitial substance of cultivated tomato as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the hair of the Sparassis crispa
Fermenting process is that the potassium chloride that its weight 1~5% is added in Sparassis crispa is placed on to ferment in closed environment, fermentation
Environment temperature is 25~37 DEG C, and the time is 4~7 days, obtains fermentation Sparassis crispa after fermentation.
8. the preparation method of the composite interstitial substance of the cultivated tomato as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: by the hair
Ferment Sparassis crispa, fermented peanut meal, river sand mixing after, add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer be uniformly mixed obtain composite interstitial substance.
9. a kind of method of soilless cultivation tomato, which is characterized in that itself the following steps are included:
S1: composite interstitial substance prepares: it is spare that composite interstitial substance being prepared according to the method for claim 5；
S2: Seeds preprocess: by tomato seeds with 4~6h is fumigated under 40~45 DEG C of vapor closed environment, then it is placed in concentration
It is 10~30s in 70~80% alcoholic solution to sterilize；
S3: tomato seedling: tomato seedling is cultivated until length obtains tomato plant to four Ye Yixin；
S4: the tomato plant that S3 is obtained is colonized in composite interstitial substance described in S1, is protected from light processing, and drip irrigation pipe sprinkles profoundly water；
Fertilising in every 7 days expects that pouring root is primary, applies fertilizer 13~16 times altogether.
10. the method for soilless cultivation tomato as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that: by the composite interstitial substance packet in the S4
After burying PLA mesh skeleton, then by tomato plant definite value；The PLA skeleton is printed using 3D technology, and Method of printing includes
The step of next coming in order carry out: skeleton pattern is established using 3D mapping software and is imported in laser 3D printing machine；3D printer is set
Setting printing thickness is 0.07~0.09mm, 150~190mm/s of print speed；The temperature in control printing place is 26~28 DEG C；It puts
Enter the PLA after melting at 180~210 DEG C, printout；Fertilizer is sprayed in finished surface, is placed under 26~28 DEG C of environment, 5
~10h, which is air-dried, completes solidification, obtains PLA mesh skeleton.
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