CN109699356B - Quercus seed direct seeding protection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a direct seeding protection device for oak seeds, which belongs to the technical field of forestry and comprises a nutrient mass, a degradable support shell and a degradable membrane; the nutrient balls are used for coating tree seeds; the degradable supporting shell is connected to the upper part of the nutrient mass, the cross section area is reduced, and a hollow part for seed growth is formed inside the degradable supporting shell; the degradable membrane is coated outside the nutrient groups and the degradable supporting shell and is provided with meshes; the center of gravity of the whole structure formed by connecting the nutrient mass and the degradable supporting shell is positioned in the nutrient mass to form a tumbler structure, and the tree seeds are always positioned below the hollow part. The device has great effect on improving the survival rate of direct seeding, sowing and afforestation of the oak seeds, can prevent animals from gnawing and weevils from damaging drill holes, resist cold, store water and preserve soil moisture, provides nutrition for rooting and developing seedlings, promotes the initial growth of seed seedlings, and improves the emergence rate, survival rate and afforestation quality of seeding and afforestation.

Description

Quercus seed direct seeding protection device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and particularly relates to a direct seeding protection device for oak seeds.

Background

The quercus mongolica has long service life, once a community is formed, the quercus mongolica can occupy a habitat for a long time, and is also one of the most drought-resistant tree species in various main tree species of a secondary forest. The quercus mongolica belongs to national secondary protection tree species, natural forests are mainly distributed in places such as the northeast three provinces and inner Mongolia, are main constituent tree species of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests, are also main material tree species of China, are hard and corrosion-resistant in wood, have beautiful textures and are high-quality economic materials; the branches have high heat productivity and are good firewood carbon materials; the seeds are rich in starch, and the barks and the hulls contain tannin, so that various industrial raw materials can be extracted; the leaves can be used for feeding silkworms and raising animals; auricularia can be cultured from sawdust and sawdust. Its root system is developed, adaptability is strong, wind-resisting, and possesses the good functions of resisting corrosion, protecting slope, holding water and retaining soil. Is a tree species with good economic value and ecological benefit.

In general, quercus trees such as quercus mongolica and the like are planted in a nursery land by seedling planting and forestation, namely, seedlings emerge after being sown in the nursery land, and forestation is carried out in a container seedling or bare-rooted seedling mode. If the seeds are sowed directly, the seeds just fallen have high water content, and are easy to sprout and root when meeting a humid environment, the falling seeds are difficult to be disturbed by external environment or human factors if being dark and humid and are difficult to be disturbed, the seeds gradually enter the soil at the falling positions of the seeds and are rooted after the root buds emerge, and the seeds are most easily eaten by rats and birds or are eaten by weevils. If the place where the seeds are directly sown faces the sun and catches up with rainy and humid weather, the seeds can sprout quickly after absorbing water and expanding, and then the roots and buds growing in the drought weather can dry, contract and wither again, so that the survival rate of the directly sown oak trees is extremely low. Therefore, the direct seeding afforestation in mountainous regions is less in emergence rate and seedling rate and poor in afforestation effect due to a plurality of external influence factors (edible storage of rats and birds and beasts, much precipitation and drought climate).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a direct sowing protection device for oak seeds, and aims to solve the problems of low emergence rate and survival rate and poor sowing efficiency of the oak seeds in direct sowing.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provided is a device for protecting oak seeds in direct seeding, comprising:

a nutritive cube for coating the tree seeds;

the degradable supporting shell is connected to the upper part of the nutrient mass, the cross section area is reduced progressively, and the interior of the degradable supporting shell forms a hollow part for seed growth; and

the degradable membrane is coated outside the nutrient cluster and the degradable support shell and is provided with meshes;

the center of gravity of the whole structure formed by connecting the nutrient mass and the degradable supporting shell is positioned in the nutrient mass to form a tumbler structure, and the tree seeds are always positioned below the hollow part.

Furthermore, the outside of the nutrition ball is also coated with a water absorption layer.

Furthermore, the nutrient dough is a plant crushed material cohesive mass after fermentation.

Further, the nutrition group is a bird nest structure group formed by winding branches and straws.

Further, the device for protecting the direct seeding of oak seeds further comprises:

and the slow descending component is arranged at the top of the degradable support shell and used for increasing resistance and reducing descending speed.

Further, the slow descending assembly comprises:

one end of the connecting rope is connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell; and

and the parachute is connected with the other end of the connecting rope.

Further, the slow descending assembly further comprises:

one end of the connecting rod is connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell; and

and the umbrella bag is connected to the other end of the connecting rod and used for placing a parachute.

Further, the slow descending assembly further comprises:

the vent hole is arranged at the lower end of the umbrella bag and used for communicating the inside and the outside of the umbrella bag.

Further, the connecting rod and the degradable support shell are fixedly connected through a detachable connecting structure.

Further, the detachable connection structure includes:

the clamping groove is arranged at the lower part of the connecting rod; and

and the clamping table is fixedly connected with the top of the degradable supporting shell and is used for being connected with the clamping groove in a buckling mode.

The direct seeding protection device for the oak seeds provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the quercus seed direct seeding protection device wraps tree seeds through the nutrition group, nutrition and protection can be provided, the degradable support shell and the nutrition group form a tumbler structure and can be used for direct seeding and seed broadcasting, the tree seeds are located at the lower part at any time, the degradable support shell is located at the upper part, the degradable film is wrapped outside, holes are formed in the degradable film, the degradable film can ventilate, the falling seeds cannot be exposed, animals cannot easily damage and take out the seeds to eat, and the quercus seed direct seeding protection device has a function of repelling weevils which are pests eating quercus seeds. When the climatic conditions are not suitable, the seeds can not germinate, when the climatic conditions are suitable, the nutrition group wrapping the oak seeds can absorb and store partial moisture in time, the germination of the oak seeds is promoted, the roots of the oak seeds are pricked to generate buds, the seeds are pricked in the nutrition group after germination, the branch buds can enter the hollow part, the degradable support shell has a protection effect and can be prevented from being damaged by pests or animals, and when the degradable support shell is decomposed, the saplings continue to grow. The device has very big effect to improving the direct seeding afforestation survival rate of oak seed, and it can play and prevent that the animal gnaws and eat, prevents that weevil harm drilling from destroying, winter protection, retaining soil moisture, provides the nutrition and takes root and develop into the seedling, promotes the initial growth of seed seedling, improves seeding afforestation emergence rate, survival rate and afforestation quality.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct sowing protection device for oak seeds according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a first schematic structural diagram of a device for directly seeding oak seeds according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a direct sowing protection device for oak seeds according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an enlarged structural schematic at A in FIG. 2;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the enlarged structural diagram at a in fig. 2.

In the figure: 1. planting trees; 2. a nutrient group; 3. a water-absorbing layer; 4. a hollow portion; 5. a degradable support shell; 6. a slow descent component; 61. a connecting rod; 611. a card slot; 62. an umbrella bag; 621. a vent hole; 63. a parachute; 64. connecting ropes; 7. a degradable film.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the apparatus for protecting the oak seeds in the present invention will be described. The direct seeding protection device for the oak seeds comprises a nutrition group 2, a degradable support shell 5 and a degradable membrane 7; the nutrient balls 2 are used for coating the tree seeds 1; the degradable supporting shell 5 is connected to the upper part of the nutrient mass 2, the cross section area is reduced, and a hollow part 4 for seed growth is formed inside the degradable supporting shell 5; the degradable membrane 7 is coated outside the nutrient group 2 and the degradable supporting shell 5, and meshes are arranged on the degradable membrane 7; the center of gravity of the whole structure formed by connecting the nutrient mass 2 and the degradable supporting shell 5 is positioned in the nutrient mass 2 to form a tumbler structure, and the tree seeds 1 are always positioned below the hollow part 4.

Compared with the prior art, the direct seeding protection device for the oak seeds, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the tree seeds 1 are wrapped by the nutrient groups 2, nutrition and protection can be provided, the degradable support shell 5 and the nutrient groups 2 form a tumbler structure, the direct seeding protection device can be used for direct seeding and seed broadcasting, the tree seeds 1 are located at the lower part at any time, the degradable support shell 5 is located at the upper part, the degradable membrane 7 is wrapped outside, holes are formed in the degradable support shell, the degradable support shell can ventilate, the seeds can not be exposed and fall out, animals cannot be easily damaged and taken out of the seeds to eat, and the device has a function of repelling weevils which are pests eating the oak seeds. When the climatic conditions are not suitable, the seeds can not germinate, when the climatic conditions are suitable, the nutrition group 2 wrapping the oak seeds can absorb and store partial moisture in time, the germination of the oak seeds is promoted, the roots of the oak seeds are pricked to grow buds, the seeds are pricked in the nutrition group 2 after germination, branch buds can enter the hollow part 4, the degradable support shell 5 has a protection effect and is prevented from being damaged by pests or animals, and after the degradable support shell 5 is decomposed, the tree seedlings continue to grow. The device has very big effect to improving the direct seeding afforestation survival rate of oak seed, and it can play and prevent that the animal gnaws to eat, prevents that weevil harm drilling from destroying, winter protection, retaining soil moisture, provides the nutrition and takes root and develops into the seedling, promotes the initial growth of seed seedling, improves seeding afforestation survival rate and afforestation quality.

Specifically, oak species 1 is a seed that has been screened and treated to ensure that it is healthy and does not have insects, the seed is full or has killed weevils. The seeds should be treated in time after harvesting. The treatment aims at disinfection, sterilization and disinsection. The main methods are as follows:

one is soaking in 5% potassium permanganate water to sterilize.

And (5) carrying out hot water insecticidal treatment.

And (5) carrying out drug fumigation and insecticidal treatment.

And (5) low-temperature freezing and disinsection treatment.

Soaking in cold water, and taking out the floating immature seeds or the worm-eaten seeds.

Trunk worm, one is that oak seeds are damaged before dropping. The larvae are damaged in the seeds, the column holes cannot be seen outside the seeds, only a small black spot is formed, damaged seeds are immature and often fall early, if more than three larvae are damaged, the germination force is generally lost, and particularly in the seed accumulation period, the temperature is increased, and the larvae are seriously damaged. The seeds can be soaked in warm water at the temperature of about 50-55 ℃ for 10-15 minutes after being harvested, and then the seeds can be fished out and dried in the shade for 2 days before being stored. One is that after the seeds are collected, the seeds are put in a sealed container and fumigated by carbon dioxide or potassium bromide, and the insecticidal rate can reach 100%. The seeds are placed in a nutrient group 2 which can absorb water to swell and can be decomposed, the seeds are positioned at the upper end part of the nutrient group 2, namely the upper position of the gravity center of the tumbler, and the covering depth of the seeds is 1 cm-3 cm.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, as a specific embodiment of the device for directly seeding oak seeds provided by the present invention, a water-absorbing layer 3 is further coated outside the nutrition group 2. The water absorbing layer 3 can be PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) microporous water absorbing sponge substance, is a completely naturally degradable high polymer material, has high liquid absorbing rate and super-strong liquid absorbing multiplying power, can repeatedly absorb a large amount of water, has high softening melting point, high strength, rigidity and hardness (can resist or reduce the destructive effect of air friction on a structural device when seeds are sowed in a flying way), and has good bonding performance, alkali resistance, acid resistance and water resistance.

In a specific embodiment of the device for protecting oak seeds directly sown in the present invention, the nutrient group 2 is a fermented plant pulverized material cohesive group. The nutritive cube 2 can be formed by adding organic nutrients into fermented plant crushed substances and extruding and bonding, or formed by mixing, extruding and bonding the plant crushed substances, a matrix (including soil) and a bonding substance according to a certain proportion. The 2-grain structure of the nutrition ball can gradually absorb water and expand after meeting water, and the volume is increased. When raining is met, the 2-grain structure of the nutrition group only absorbs water partially, the condition that the seeds absorb water and germinate cannot be met, the seeds do not germinate, when the rainwater is sufficient, the structure absorbs water and expands, the seeds start to take roots and germinate after absorbing enough water under the condition that the moisture is sufficient, the 2-grain structure of the nutrition group is used as a basic rooting matrix during germination, and the moisture and the nutrition in the nutrition group are utilized for growth and development in the initial stage. The initial shape of the 2-grain structure of the nutrition group is semi-spherical or semi-elliptical, so that the nutrition group provides a rooting and sprouting basis for the oak seedlings on one hand and serves as a rooting matrix for the oak seedlings on the other hand, and provides nutrition for the early growth of the oak seedlings on the other hand for the growth and development of the oak seedlings.

As a specific implementation mode of the direct seeding protection device for the oak seeds, provided by the invention, the nutrient group 2 is a bird nest structure group formed by winding branches and straws. The tree seeds 1 are placed in a ventilating and moisture-preserving bird nest structure group (the bird nest structure materials are formed by winding branches and straws or are provided with a small amount of soil), the bird nest structure materials are crossed with each other and are not sealed, certain moisture preservation is realized while the bird nest structure materials have air permeability and water permeability, the bird nest structure groups are wound layer by layer to have good flexibility, and seeds can be prevented from easily falling out or being found by birds and beasts and the like to eat the bird nest structure groups. When rainfall is not large or moisture is insufficient, the humidity of the branches and the straw is not enough to enable the oak seeds to absorb water and germinate, so that the individual seeds can be protected to continue to be stored independently, when the rainfall is large or the moisture is sufficient, the oak seeds can absorb water timely and then take roots and germinate, in the initial rooting stage, the material with the bird nest structure can provide the most basic rooting environment for the oak seeds, and in the initial germination stage, the young buds of the oak can be shaded properly.

In a specific embodiment, the seeds can be one or more, and multiple seeds are buried in the same plant crushed material bonding group or bird nest structure group and can germinate and grow simultaneously, so that the direct seeding germination success rate of a single device is improved, and the seedling emergence rate and the survival rate of seeding forestation are improved.

Referring to fig. 2, the apparatus for protecting the oak seeds directly seeding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention further includes: and the slow descending component 6 is arranged at the top of the degradable support shell 5 and used for increasing resistance and reducing descending speed. When the slow descending component 6 is mainly used for the oak seed direct seeding protection device with the tumbler structure to carry out airplane flying seeding, the seed device can be fast in flying out and landing process from the cabin, the structure of the oak seed direct seeding protection device can be damaged by air friction, and the slow descending component 6 is used for slowing down the descending speed of the device and reducing the destructive power generated by the device and the air friction.

Referring to fig. 2 to 3, as an embodiment of the apparatus for protecting oak seeds from direct seeding, the descent control assembly 6 includes: a connecting rope 64 and a parachute 63; a connecting rope 64, one end of which is connected with the top of the degradable supporting shell 5; and a parachute 63 connected to the other end of the connecting rope 64. When the direct seeding protection device is used for airplane flying seeding, the seed device can quickly fly out of the cabin and land, the structure of the direct seeding protection device for oak seeds can be damaged by air friction, and the parachute 63 in the slow descending assembly 6 can open the parachute 63 in the parachute bag 62 when the device falls down to a certain speed, so that the descending speed of the device is reduced, and the destructive power generated by the friction between the device and the air is reduced.

As an embodiment of the device for protecting oak seeds in direct seeding, please refer to fig. 2 to 4, the slow descending module 6 further includes: a connecting rod 61 and an umbrella bag 62. One end of the connecting rod 61 is connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell 5; the bag 62 is connected to the other end of the connecting rod 61 for placing the parachute 63. The parachute 63 is accommodated in the parachute bag 62, so that the space is saved, the arrangement is neat, and the parachute bag cannot be intertwined.

Referring to fig. 5, as an embodiment of the device for protecting oak seeds in direct seeding, the descent control assembly 6 further includes: and a vent hole 621 provided at the lower end of the umbrella bag 62 for communicating the inside and the outside of the umbrella bag 62. The air vent 621 is arranged to facilitate the parachute 63 in the parachute bag 62 to be opened in the air, so that air pressure can be balanced, and the parachute 63 is prevented from losing efficacy in the air.

As a specific embodiment of the device for protecting oak seeds in direct seeding provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, a connecting rod 61 is fixedly connected to the degradable supporting shell 5 through a detachable connecting structure. The installation and the components of a whole that can function independently preparation are convenient, production efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 5, a device for protecting oak seeds directly seeding in a seeding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a card slot 611 and a card table; the catching groove 611 is provided at the lower portion of the connecting rod 61; the clamping table is fixedly connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell 5 and is used for being in clamping connection with the clamping groove 611. The buckle connection is convenient to install.

The slow descending component 6 is disposable and can be decomposed after a long time. When the oak seed direct seeding protection device mainly used for the tumbler structure is used for airplane flying seeding, the seed device can be fast in flying out and landing process from a cabin, the structure of the oak seed direct seeding protection device can be damaged by air friction, and the parachute 63 in the slow descending assembly 6 can be opened when the device falls to a certain speed, so that the descending speed of the device is reduced, and the destructive power generated by the friction between the device and the air is reduced. The device drifts with the wind, and after falling on mountain regions or grasslands, the parachute 63 may cover the device, or hang on the crown or branch due to the parachute 63 in the descending process, and the germination of seeds in the device is not influenced. The parachute 63 bag 62 is naturally decomposed after a period of time, the device on the crown or branch can also fall to the ground, and when meeting proper conditions, the device absorbs water in time to germinate. In the initial stage, the seeds of the oak seed direct seeding protection device with the tumbler structure can be like a baby with a pregnant mother body, nutrition supply is carried out on the basis of the nutrition group 2 in the tumbler device, the tumbler device structure is used as a basic growth and development matrix, independent individuals are rooted, germinated and grown, and the plant becomes an independent plant body. Even if the seeds fall onto trees, grasses and tree branches, the early plant growth process can be completed (the premise requires that the tumbler seed pellets have enough large structure and enough growth space and growth matrix groups).

Direct seeding afforestation, the process of seed development is, the device is put in the field, when rainfall takes place, the periphery begins to absorb water earlier, but can not influence the inside, when the rainfall is great, when the weather is moist, the rainwater is sufficient, the device absorbs enough moisture, the seed begins to sprout and take root gradually after absorbing water, and then sprouts and grows leaves, the initial stage of sprouting, its growth space is the hollow part 4 on tumbler structure upper portion, after having the water infiltration, degradable support shell 5 of the fragile structure of upper strata is loose gradually, expose the punchhole of degradation membrane, provide the scattered light of initial stage, grow up along with the development of nursery stock, degradable support shell 5 decomposes and drops, degradable membrane 7 has decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, the nursery stock plant becomes the independent individual that grows under full light, and nutritive cube 2 supplies and the rooting matrix as the nutrition of initial stage. If the device is in direct contact with soil, the root system can prick roots gradually and downwards along with the growth of the nursery stock, the nursery stock can be limited in the device structure if not in direct contact with the soil, and the oak plants are very drought-resistant plant varieties, so that the individual growth of the plants can be maintained for a long time, and when the external conditions are proper, namely the air humidity is high, the root system of the nursery stock can grow out of the device structure and prick roots downwards. Thereby completing the growth and development of the individual plants of the direct seeding seedlings of the seeds and becoming the individual seedlings of the independent seedlings.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. Direct protection device of oak seed, its characterized in that includes:

a nutritive cube for coating the tree seeds;

the degradable supporting shell is connected to the upper part of the nutrient mass, the cross section area is reduced progressively, and the interior of the degradable supporting shell forms a hollow part for seed growth; and

the degradable membrane is coated outside the nutrient cluster and the degradable support shell and is provided with meshes;

the center of gravity of the whole structure formed by connecting the nutrient mass and the degradable supporting shell is positioned in the nutrient mass to form a tumbler structure, and the tree seeds are always positioned below the hollow part.

2. The oak seed direct seeding protection device of claim 1, wherein the nutrient bulk is further coated with a water absorbent layer.

3. The device for direct seeding of oak seeds of claim 1, wherein the panel is a fermented vegetable comminuted cohesive mass.

4. The device for direct seeding of oak seeds of claim 1, wherein the trophic clusters are bird nest structures formed by winding branches and straws.

5. The device for direct sowing of oak seeds of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising:

and the slow descending component is arranged at the top of the degradable support shell and used for increasing resistance and reducing descending speed.

6. The oak seed direct seeding protection device of claim 5, wherein the slow descent component comprises:

one end of the connecting rope is connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell; and

and the parachute is connected with the other end of the connecting rope.

7. The oak seed direct seeding protection device of claim 6, wherein the slow descent component further comprises:

one end of the connecting rod is connected to the top of the degradable supporting shell; and

the umbrella bag is connected to the other end of the connecting rod and used for placing a parachute;

the slow descending assembly further comprises:

the air vent is arranged at the lower end of the umbrella bag and used for communicating the inside and the outside of the umbrella bag.

8. The direct oak seed protection device of claim 7, wherein the connector bar is fixedly attached to the degradable support shell by a detachable connection.

9. The oak seed direct seeding protection device of claim 8, wherein the detachable connection structure comprises:

the clamping groove is arranged at the lower part of the connecting rod; and

and the clamping table is fixedly connected with the top of the degradable supporting shell and is used for being connected with the clamping groove in a buckling mode.

Images