CN109689286B - 机床 - Google Patents

机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109689286B
CN109689286B CN201680088914.5A CN201680088914A CN109689286B CN 109689286 B CN109689286 B CN 109689286B CN 201680088914 A CN201680088914 A CN 201680088914A CN 109689286 B CN109689286 B CN 109689286B
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tool magazine
tool
drive motor
pulse generator
command
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CN109689286A (zh
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丹下圭辅
中安和正
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Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
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Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/409—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using manual input [MDI] or by using control panel, e.g. controlling functions with the panel; characterised by control panel details, by setting parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0078—Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise
    • B23Q11/0085—Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise by determining whether the machine tool is in a dangerous configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
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    • B23Q11/0825—Relatively slidable coverings, e.g. telescopic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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    • B23Q11/0891—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards arranged between the working area and the operator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
    • B23Q3/15533—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor combined with manual tool transfers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2705/00—Driving working spindles or feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q2705/10—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q2705/104—Feeding members carrying tools or work for milling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15722—Rotary discs or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05B2219/24—Pc safety
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    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35459—Knob, handle, handwheel delivers pulses, electronic handwheel, digipot
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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Abstract

一种机床(100)，机床(100)具有收纳多个刀具(7)的刀具库(20)，使主轴(12)和被加工物(5)相对地移动，由保持在主轴上的刀具对被加工物进行加工，其中，具备多个进给轴、刀具库驱动马达(22)和手动脉冲发生器(50)，多个进给轴使刀具和被加工物相对地移动，刀具库驱动马达(22)驱动刀具库，手动脉冲发生器(50)向多个进给轴或刀具库驱动马达送出正或负的指令脉冲，具备选择多个进给轴及刀具库驱动马达的任意一个作为指令脉冲的送出目的地的选择开关(52)。

Description

机床
技术领域
本发明涉及具有刀具库的机床。
背景技术
在具有刀具库及刀具更换装置的机床中，在机床的主轴和刀具库之间的刀具更换由来自加工程序的指令自动地进行。另一方面，刀具的准备作业，即刀具向刀具库的装填由操作者进行。由于刀具库通常被收纳在壳体内受到保护，所以在操作者将刀具向刀具库装填时，被设置在壳体上的开口部的门被打开。为了确保操作者的安全，互锁设备发挥作用，以便在壳体的门被打开时刀具库不工作，及在刀具库工作时壳体的门不打开(例如，参照专利文献1)。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2003-80427号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
操作者在欲替换例如旋转式的刀具库的刀具的情况下，使用机床的操作盘，在指定了装配着应替换的刀具的刀具库的夹具的编号后，按刀具库移动钮。于是，刀具库接收来自控制装置的指令，旋转移动到装填位置。若刀具库的移动结束，则操作者用手打开壳体的门，替换刀具库的刀具，而且，为了将互锁设备解除而将门关闭。在应替换的刀具为多根的情况下，操作者需要与刀具的根数量相应地反复进行所述的工序。换言之，在应替换的刀具为多根的情况下，也不能省略工序的任何一个或一并执行任何一个。因此，特别要求一次应替换的刀具的根数多的情况下的刀具的准备作业的效率化。
另外，以往在机床中，为了基于加工程序向各进给轴送出指令而存在自动运转模式。进而，为了通过手动操作送进给轴的移动的指令而存在由点动按钮送出移动的指令的点动进给模式和由手动脉冲发生器送出移动的指令的手柄进给模式。这些模式是排他性的模式，操作者选择自动运转模式、点动进给模式、手柄进给模式的任意一种使用。操作者在刀具库室中将刀具插入对象夹具的作业，考虑到作业时间的效率，在加工室侧执行自动运转模式的加工程序正在对工件进行加工的过程中并行地进行。因此，准备其它的开关，以便能够在自动运转模式中将刀具库驱动马达旋转到所希望的装填位置，在点动进给、手柄进给的指令下，不使刀具库驱动马达进行驱动，以便不因自动运转模式中断而导致加工停止。
为了解决课题的手段
本发明是鉴于上述情况作出的发明，以提供一种能够有效地实施刀具准备作业的机床为目的。
为了实现上述的目的，根据本发明，提供一种机床，机床具有收纳多个刀具的刀具库，使主轴和被加工物相对地移动，由保持在主轴上的刀具对被加工物进行加工，其中，具备多个进给轴、刀具库驱动马达和手动脉冲发生器，多个进给轴使刀具和被加工物相对地移动，刀具库驱动马达驱动刀具库，手动脉冲发生器向多个进给轴或刀具库驱动马达送出正或负的指令脉冲，具备选择多个进给轴及刀具库驱动马达的任意一个作为指令脉冲的送出目的地的选择开关。
发明的效果
根据本发明，能够由手动实施刀具库的转位，其结果，即使在应替换的刀具有多个的情况下，操作者也不用反复进行刀具库室门的开闭，就可以连续地进行刀具库的多次转位和多个刀具的替换，因此，可以高效地进行刀具准备作业。
附图说明
图1是基于本发明的实施方式的机床的主视图。
图2是将机床的加工室门打开了的状态的主视图。
图3是将机床的刀具库室门打开了的状态的主视图。
图4是基于本发明的实施方式的机床的手动脉冲发生器的主视图。
具体实施方式
为了实施发明的方式
下面，参照图1～图4，对基于本发明的实施方式的机床100进行说明。
机床100，在本实施方式中，作为五轴控制的立式加工中心构成，是使主轴12和被加工物5相对地移动，由固定在主轴12上的刀具7对被加工物5进行加工的机床。机床100具备机床主体10；控制装置(未图示)；旋转式的刀具库20；刀具更换装置(未图示)；收容它们的壳体30；可转动地被安装在壳体30的右端部，包括所述控制装置的至少一部分的结构的操作盘40；及由线缆57与操作盘40连接的手动脉冲发生器50。
机床主体10，除了具有保持主轴12的主轴头11、工作台13、旋转工作台14以外，还具有未图示的床身、立柱。机床主体10，作为直线进给轴具有X轴、Y轴(未图示)及Z轴三轴，作为绕Y轴及绕Z轴的旋转进给轴具有B轴及C轴。另外，所述直线进给轴及旋转进给轴除Y轴以外，在图2中被概念性地表示。机床主体10，虽未图示，但具备与各自的轴有关的移动装置，即X轴移动装置、Y轴移动装置、Z轴移动装置、B轴移动装置及C轴移动装置。这些移动装置具备各自的驱动马达(未图示)，各驱动马达通常由控制装置控制。本实施方式的机床主体10，X轴移动装置驱动立柱，Y轴移动装置驱动工作台13，Z轴移动装置及B轴移动装置驱动主轴头11，C轴移动装置驱动旋转工作台14。
壳体30被形成为大致长方体状，具有将壳体30内的设置了加工部的区域和设置了刀具库20的区域分隔的隔壁(未图示)，其结果，在壳体30中形成了加工室31和刀具库室35。壳体30具有将加工室31的正面侧局部地开放的加工室开口部32和开闭该加工室开口部32的滑动式的加工室门33。壳体30还具有将刀具库室35的正面侧全面地开放的刀具库室开口部36和开闭该刀具库室开口部36的滑动式的刀具库室门37。加工室门33及刀具库室门37在加工中通常被关闭。
刀具库20具备将把持刀具7的多个夹具21排列成圆环状的旋转体(未图示)和绕Z轴方向的旋转轴线Az旋转驱动所述旋转体的刀具库驱动马达22。在刀具库20上确定了与刀具更换装置之间的刀具交接位置(未图示)和由操作者进行的刀具装填位置Pm，通过控制刀具库驱动马达22，能够将特定的夹具21及刀具7配置在刀具交接位置或刀具装填位置Pm，即，能够进行转位。另外，刀具装填位置Pm被配置在刀具库室35内的前侧，以便操作者容易接近这里。另外，刀具库20不仅可进行自动运转，在本实施方式中，也可以进行使用了手动脉冲发生器50的手动运转。
上述的实施方式中的刀具库20是使夹具21沿圆形的环绕轨道移动的部件，但刀具库20也可以是使夹具21沿非圆形的环绕轨道移动的类型的实施方式。
手动脉冲发生器50通常被设置成也能够通过送出指令脉冲，与需要相应地由手动驱动基于来自控制装置的指令被驱动的X轴、Y轴、Z轴、B轴及C轴移动装置(未图示)的各驱动马达(未图示)以及刀具库驱动马达22。因此，手动脉冲发生器50被构成为能够送出指令脉冲，作为脉冲发生操作组件，具有在全周附加了刻度的脉冲发生拨盘51、选择指令脉冲的送出目的地的选择开关52、倍率选择开关53、紧急停止钮54、电子回路基板(未图示)，进而在本实施方式中，还具有使能开关55、收容所述电子回路基板且安装所述开关类的能够由单手保持的大小的箱体56和用于与操作盘40电气性地连接的线缆57。
选择开关52具有手动脉冲发生器50的电源的接通/断开功能和选择指令脉冲的送出目的地的轴的功能。图4的选择开关52的拨盘的周围表示“X、Y、Z、B、C”分别与X轴、Y轴、Z轴、B轴及C轴对应，“T”与刀具库20对应。因此，例如若选择了“X”，则指令脉冲向X轴移动装置具有的X轴驱动马达输送，若选择了“T”，则指令脉冲向刀具库驱动马达22输送。
脉冲发生拨盘51被构成为由手动控制进给轴等的移动距离、进给轴等的移动方向和进给轴等的移动速度。进给轴等的移动距离通过确定与拨盘的周围的刻度对应的脉冲数量决定。在倍率选择开关53选择了“×1”的情况下，若使脉冲发生拨盘51动1个刻度，则产生1个脉冲。若倍率选择开关53选择“×10”、“×100”或“×1000”，则产生选择了“×1”时的10倍、100倍或1000倍的数量的脉冲。若由选择开关52选择的进给轴等的驱动马达接收指令脉冲，则仅旋转与脉冲数量相应的规定的角度。
至于进给轴等的移动方向，是通过使脉冲发生拨盘51右转或左转来决定由各进给轴等确定的正或负的方向。
进给轴等的移动速度与脉冲发生拨盘51的旋转速度相应地决定。但是，在选择开关52选择了“T”，即刀具库驱动马达22的情况下，刀具库20的圆周速度被限制在2m/分钟以下。另外，所述2m/分钟以下的圆周速度是，即使在刀具库室门37打开的状态下，使刀具库20旋转，操作者也能够安全地进行作业的足够慢的速度。
使能开关55作为按钮开关形成，仅在其被按下的期间使脉冲发生拨盘51的操作为有效，容许送出脉冲。因此，在想送出指令脉冲的情况下，操作者需要一面按下使能开关55，一面操作脉冲发生拨盘51。
本实施方式中的手动脉冲发生器50被设计成适合于操作者一面由左手保持并由左手的拇指按下使能开关55，一面由右手使脉冲发生拨盘51旋转的方式。根据情况，也许可以一面由右手保持脉冲发生器50，由右手的无名指等按下使能开关55，一面由左手使脉冲发生拨盘51旋转。但是，在本实施方式中，使能开关55和脉冲发生拨盘51被配置在手动脉冲发生器50的箱体56上，以便它们不能由单手同时操作。
接着，对为了替换刀具库20的刀具7而使用手动脉冲发生器50由手动操作刀具库20的手动操作顺序的一例说明如下。
最初，操作者将手动脉冲发生器50的选择开关52从“断开”切换为“T”，选择刀具库驱动马达22。由此，控制装置获知刀具库驱动马达22的手动控制开始。接着，操作者打开刀具库室门37。接着，操作者手持手动脉冲发生器50，站在刀具库室35之前，确认把持应替换的刀具7的夹具21(下面称为对象夹具21)的位置，决定刀具库20的旋转方向。接着，操作者为了使对象夹具21移动到装填位置Pm，一面由左手的手指按下使能开关55，一面由右手的手指将脉冲发生拨盘51向右或左转到预先设想的刻度。于是，刀具库驱动马达22向与来自手动脉冲发生器50的指令脉冲数量相应地被指定的方向旋转。若对象夹具21没有按照脉冲数量到达预先设想的刻度，即装填位置Pm，则进一步转动脉冲发生拨盘51，反之，若对象夹具21过度通过装填位置Pm，则只要使脉冲发生拨盘51返回即可。而且，若对象夹具21被定位在装填位置Pm，则操作者将被把持在那里的刀具7替换为预先准备的更换用的刀具7。
另外，在本实施方式的机床中，如图3所示，刀具库室门37开口得大。因此，装填位置Pm的范围宽。在操作者由手动脉冲发生器50将对象夹具21向装填位置Pm移动时，不需要微小的定位的操作，若操作者通过目测使对象夹具21向操作者的近前侧移动，则对象夹具位于装填位置Pm，操作者能够容易地替换刀具7。
在应替换的刀具7有多个的情况下，只要将刀具库室门37打开不变地使上述的工序从确认接下来的对象夹具21的位置的工序开始反复即可。而且，若在最后的刀具7的替换结束了的阶段将刀具库室门37关闭，使手动脉冲发生器50的选择开关52返回到断开，则刀具7的替换完了。
在本实施方式的机床中，由于刀具库室门37开口得大，所以操作者不变更刀具库驱动马达22的转位位置，就能够接近邻接的多个刀具7。因此，在应替换的多个刀具7为邻接刀具的情况下，若使刀具库驱动马达22旋转一次，使对象夹具21的位置向装填位置Pm移动，则能够同时替换邻接的多根刀具7。
刀具库20的手动操作顺序，即使在机床100基于来自加工程序的指令进行通过自动运转进行的加工时也可以执行。但是，当在刀具库20的手动操作中基于加工程序从控制装置发出了刀具更换指令的情况下，在本实施方式中，所述刀具更换指令的执行，直至由手动脉冲发生器50的选择开关52进行的刀具库驱动马达22的选择被解除为止或直至刀具库室门37被关闭为止不被许可。
当在执行中的加工程序中预定了接下来的刀具更换指令的情况下，与是否达到了刀具更换指令无关地进行复位动作。复位动作，是在操作者将刀具库室门37关闭且使手动脉冲发生器50的选择开关52为“T”以外时，控制装置认知由操作者进行的刀具更换作业结束了，对刀具库驱动马达22进行驱动，以便通过自动运转，将在加工程序中作为接下来更换的刀具被调出的刀具7转位到接下来的刀具待机位置。接下来的刀具待机位置是指，在达到了执行中的加工程序的刀具更换指令时，以能够迅速且效率良好地进行将由主轴12使用中的刀具返回的动作和将接下来使用的刀具7把持在主轴上的动作的方式待机的位置。
如以往周知的那样，为了通过手动控制机床主体10的各进给轴，使用了手动脉冲发生器50。与此相对，在本实施方式中，作为旋转式的刀具库20的转位也使用手动脉冲发生器50。由此，即使在应替换的刀具7有多个的情况下，操作者也不用反复进行刀具库室门37的开闭，就可以连续地进行多个对象夹具21的转位和多个刀具7的替换。
另外，在本实施方式中，为了确保操作者的安全，在手动脉冲发生器50上设置了使能开关55。依靠使能开关55的效果，由于操作者必须由两手操作手动脉冲发生器50，所以在刀具库20的由手动进行的工作中，例如，操作者难以将单手放入刀具库室35内。进而，在本实施方式中，在刀具库20的由手动进行的工作中，例如，即使在操作者以外的人员的手进入了刀具库室35的情况下，由于刀具库20的由手动进行的工作中的圆周速度被限制在2m/分钟以下，所以也不会产生安全上的问题。
由所述的本实施方式产生的效果，特别描述了通过对以往使用的已有的手动脉冲发生器50施加小改进而获得的情况。所述小改进是指对选择开关52赋予刀具库20的选择功能，且设置使能开关55。
符号的说明
7：刀具；10：机床主体；12：主轴；20：刀具库；21：夹具；22：刀具库驱动马达；30：壳体；33：加工室门；37：刀具库室门；40：操作盘；50：手动脉冲发生器；51：脉冲发生拨盘；52：选择开关；55：使能开关。

Claims (4)

1.一种机床，所述机床具有收纳多个刀具的刀具库，使主轴和被加工物相对地移动，由保持在所述主轴上的刀具对所述被加工物进行加工，其特征在于，
具备多个进给轴、刀具库驱动马达、手动脉冲发生器和壳体，
所述多个进给轴使所述刀具和所述被加工物相对地移动，
所述刀具库驱动马达驱动所述刀具库，
所述手动脉冲发生器向所述多个进给轴或所述刀具库驱动马达送出正或负的指令脉冲，具备选择所述多个进给轴及所述刀具库驱动马达的任意一个作为所述指令脉冲的送出目的地的选择开关，
所述壳体形成收容所述刀具库的刀具库室和可由操作者向所述刀具库室接近的开口部，并且具备开闭所述开口部的刀具库室门，
在所述刀具库室门开放时，将所述刀具库的圆周速度限制在规定的阈值以下，容许所述刀具库驱动马达基于来自所述手动脉冲发生器的指令工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的机床，其中，
所述手动脉冲发生器具有脉冲发生操作组件和使能开关，
仅在操作所述使能开关的期间使所述脉冲发生操作组件的操作为有效，容许送出脉冲，
所述使能开关和所述脉冲发生操作组件在所述手动脉冲发生器中被配置成，为了同时操作它们双方而必须使用两手。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的机床，其中，在该机床基于来自加工程序的指令进行通过自动运转进行的加工的过程中，在由所述手动脉冲发生器具备的所述选择开关选择了所述刀具库驱动马达的情况下，继续所述加工，另一方面容许从手动脉冲发生器向刀具库驱动马达送出指令脉冲。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的机床，其中，在所述手动脉冲发生器的所述选择开关选择了所述刀具库驱动马达时，即使从加工程序发出了刀具更换指令，所述刀具更换指令的执行也直至所述刀具库驱动马达的选择被解除为止不被许可。
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