CN109566622B - 一种松树扦插生根剂及其配制方法和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种松树扦插生根剂及其配制方法和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN109566622B
CN109566622B CN201910014853.3A CN201910014853A CN109566622B CN 109566622 B CN109566622 B CN 109566622B CN 201910014853 A CN201910014853 A CN 201910014853A CN 109566622 B CN109566622 B CN 109566622B
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CN109566622A (zh
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王胤
姚瑞玲
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂，所述的蘸根剂主要包括以下原料溶液：磷酸二氢、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、生物素、肌醇、间苯三酚、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓、脱落酸；所述的喷施剂主要包括以下原料溶液：氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌、链霉素。本发明还公开了上述松树扦插生根剂的配制方法和使用方法。本发明制备得到的生根剂生根能力强，能够促进松树扦插生根，提高松树扦插生根的效率和质量，且在生根过程中能够抑制霉菌滋生，防止插穗霉烂。

Description

一种松树扦插生根剂及其配制方法和使用方法
技术领域搭配
本发明属于生根剂技术领域，具体涉及一种松树扦插生根剂及其配制方法和使用方法。
背景技术
松树是世界上分布范围最广的针叶树种，它的用途广泛。松树的树干既是优良的木材，也是优质的造纸原料；松树的脂液可制松香、松节油；松叶不仅有药用价值用于防治氧化应激类及代谢类疾病如高血压、冠心病、心脏病、糖尿病、中风、老年痴呆症，而且有养生保健功效，可用于开发多种增强免疫、生发、降脂、安神，延缓衰老等类别保健食品、饮品和酒类，还可用于开发护肤品、洗发品、洗浴品、安眠枕等日用品。由此可见，松树是生态建设和造林用材的主要树种，利用价值高，推广前景广阔。现代林业发展讲究速生丰产、优质高效，欲达到预期目标，最有效的途径是实现优良无性系苗木造林。扦插无性快繁技术的使用，是实现松树无性育林的有效途径。但是松树生根困难，属世界性难题，其扦插成活低，严重制约了松树产业的发展。
通过研究发现，松树的泌脂力强、萜烯类物质代谢旺盛，而且萜烯类物质在松树不定根形成过程中发挥着重要的作用，在不定根原基诱导分化期，抑制活性萜烯组分的代谢能显著提升松树生根力。由此可知，可以针对松树不定根发育过程中萜烯类物质的生物活性，研究开发促进松树生根的方法。
发明内容
本发明针对松树不定根的形成特性及其扦插育苗现有技术的不足，提供了一种松树扦插生根剂及其配制方法和使用方法，所得生根剂生根能力强，能够促进松树扦插生根，提高松树扦插生根的效率和质量。
为了实现以上发明目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂；所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 50～80 mg/L、褪黑素50～100mg/L、甲哌鎓25～50 mg/L、脱落酸10～20 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25 mg/L、赤霉素50～100 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的配制方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）溶解：称取磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚，分别在70～80℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取生物素、ABT1、赤霉素，分别在无水乙醇中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取褪黑素在二甲基亚砜溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取甲哌鎓、氯化胆碱、代森锰锌和链霉素，分别在40～50℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取脱落酸在摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaOH中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；
（2）蘸根剂的配制：称取等体积的步骤（1）得到的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇、间苯三酚、生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，然后将磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚的原料溶液依次加入到反应釜中混合，接着再边搅拌边依次加入生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，搅拌均匀即可得到蘸根剂；
（3）喷施剂的配制：将步骤（1）得到的氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌和链霉素的原料溶液等体积依次加入反应釜中混合，搅拌均匀即可得到喷施剂。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用喷施剂对插穗喷施一次。
进一步，上述的插穗是生长健壮，初始木质化或半木质化，3～8cm长的松树嫩枝插条。
进一步，上述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
进一步，上述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施2～3次。
相比于现有技术，本发明的优点及有益效果如下：
1、本发明针对松树不定根发育过程中萜烯类物质的生物活性，首次使用了甲哌鎓和赤霉素两种激素调节松树不定根的形成，同时配合矿质营养元素、维生素、酚酸、植物生长调节剂等促进剂的使用，可以使松树扦插生根率和成活率都达到90%以上，具有显著的实施效果。
2、甲哌鎓和赤霉素分别在松树不定根诱导分化与形成表达期使用，能有效促进不定根的发育；本发明采用甲哌鎓配制蘸根剂处理松树插穗，可以在插穗扦插初期，抑制萜烯合成酶活性，诱导不定根的发生，再与褪黑素、脱落酸共同作用促进不定根的发育，提高根活力；本发明使用赤霉素配制的喷施对插穗进行喷施，可以调整不定根的生长速率，促进不定根的伸长，加快松树不定根的形成。
3、本发明中的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸满足了松树不定根发育中对N(主要是硝态氮）、P、K、Mg、B几种关键矿质元素的需求；烟酸、生物素、肌醇协同作用可以维持插穗生理活力并调控不定根的发育；间苯三酚与氯化胆碱具有壮苗效果，可以提高插穗成活率；褪黑素作为一种新型激素，活性强，与脱落酸、ABT1搭配协同作用能有效提升根系质量；在生根过程中，用代森锰锌、链霉素对插穗进行喷施处理，能够抑制霉菌滋生，防止插穗腐烂，有效解决了松树插条的茎腐病和霉烂的问题。
4、本发明详细描述了生根剂的原料配比，配制与使用的方法简单，并适用于马尾松、湿地松、火炬松、辐射松等松树的扦插育苗，且生根成苗率高，具有显著的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂；所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 50 mg/L、褪黑素50 mg/L、甲哌鎓25 mg/L、脱落酸10 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25mg/L、赤霉素50 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的配制方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）溶解：称取磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚，分别在70～80℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取生物素、ABT1、赤霉素，分别在无水乙醇中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取褪黑素在二甲基亚砜溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取甲哌鎓、氯化胆碱、代森锰锌和链霉素，分别在40～50℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取脱落酸在摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaOH中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；
（2）蘸根剂的配制：称取等体积的步骤（1）得到的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇、间苯三酚、生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，然后将磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚的原料溶液依次加入到反应釜中混合，接着再边搅拌边依次加入生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，搅拌均匀即可得到蘸根剂；
（3）喷施剂的配制：将步骤（1）得到的氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌和链霉素的原料溶液等体积依次加入反应釜中混合，搅拌均匀即可得到喷施剂。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施2次；所述的插穗是生长健壮，初始木质化，8cm长的松树嫩枝插条；所述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
实施例2：
一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂；所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 50 mg/L、褪黑素75 mg/L、甲哌鎓30 mg/L、脱落酸10 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25mg/L、赤霉素60 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L。
所述的松树扦插生根剂的配制方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）溶解：称取磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚，分别在70～80℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取生物素、ABT1、赤霉素，分别在无水乙醇中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取褪黑素在二甲基亚砜溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取甲哌鎓、氯化胆碱、代森锰锌和链霉素，分别在40～50℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取脱落酸在摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaOH中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；
（2）蘸根剂的配制：称取等体积的步骤（1）得到的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇、间苯三酚、生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，然后将磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚的原料溶液依次加入到反应釜中混合，接着再边搅拌边依次加入生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，搅拌均匀即可得到蘸根剂；
（3）喷施剂的配制：将步骤（1）得到的氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌和链霉素的原料溶液等体积依次加入反应釜中混合，搅拌均匀即可得到喷施剂。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施3次；所述的插穗是生长健壮，初始木质化，6cm长的松树嫩枝插条；所述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
实施例3：
一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂；所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 80 mg/L、褪黑素100 mg/L、甲哌鎓50 mg/L、脱落酸15 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25mg/L、赤霉素80 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L。
所述的松树扦插生根剂的配制方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）溶解：称取磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚，分别在70～80℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取生物素、ABT1、赤霉素，分别在无水乙醇中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取褪黑素在二甲基亚砜溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取甲哌鎓、氯化胆碱、代森锰锌和链霉素，分别在40～50℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取脱落酸在摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaOH中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；
（2）蘸根剂的配制：称取等体积的步骤（1）得到的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇、间苯三酚、生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，然后将磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚的原料溶液依次加入到反应釜中混合，接着再边搅拌边依次加入生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，搅拌均匀即可得到蘸根剂；
（3）喷施剂的配制：将步骤（1）得到的氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌和链霉素的原料溶液等体积依次加入反应釜中混合，搅拌均匀即可得到喷施剂。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施2次；所述的插穗是生长健壮，半木质化，3cm长的松树嫩枝插条；所述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
实施例4：
一种松树扦插生根剂，其包括蘸根剂和喷施剂；所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 70 mg/L、褪黑素100 mg/L、甲哌鎓40 mg/L、脱落酸20 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25mg/L、赤霉素100 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L。
所述的松树扦插生根剂的配制方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）溶解：称取磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚，分别在70～80℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取生物素、ABT1、赤霉素，分别在无水乙醇中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取褪黑素在二甲基亚砜溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取甲哌鎓、氯化胆碱、代森锰锌和链霉素，分别在40～50℃水中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；称取脱落酸在摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaOH中溶解得到上述质量体积浓度的原料溶液备用；
（2）蘸根剂的配制：称取等体积的步骤（1）得到的磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇、间苯三酚、生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，然后将磷酸二氢钾、六水硝酸镁、硼酸、烟酸、肌醇和间苯三酚的原料溶液依次加入到反应釜中混合，接着再边搅拌边依次加入生物素、ABT1、褪黑素、甲哌鎓和脱落酸的原料溶液，搅拌均匀即可得到蘸根剂；
（3）喷施剂的配制：将步骤（1）得到的氯化胆碱、赤霉素、代森锰锌和链霉素的原料溶液等体积依次加入反应釜中混合，搅拌均匀即可得到喷施剂。
上述所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施3次；所述的插穗是生长健壮，半木质化，5cm长的松树嫩枝插条；所述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
将实施例1～4中的松树扦插生根剂运用到松树扦插生根的实际操作中，并设置空白对照组，空白对照组1～2分别按照实施例1和实施例3中所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法，采用普通常规生根粉代替蘸根剂和喷施剂进行松树扦插生根的实际操作，扦插三个月后统计得到的平均生根率、成活率的数据如表1所示。
表1 扦插三个月后的平均生根率、成活率统计
Figure 774807DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
根据表1所显示的数据，本发明提供的松树扦插生根剂可以使得松树扦插的生根率和成活率都达到90%以上，并且适用于马尾松、湿地松、火炬松、辐射松等不同种类的松树。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种松树扦插生根剂的使用方法，其特征在于：所述松树扦插生根剂包括蘸根剂和喷施剂，所述的蘸根剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：磷酸二氢钾340 mg/L、六水硝酸镁380 mg/L、硼酸30 mg/L、烟酸200 mg/L、生物素50 mg/L、肌醇300 mg/L、间苯三酚25 mg/L、ABT1 50～80 mg/L、褪黑素50～100 mg/L、甲哌鎓25～50 mg/L、脱落酸10～20 mg/L；所述的喷施剂包括以下质量体积浓度的原料溶液：氯化胆碱25 mg/L、赤霉素50～100 mg/L、代森锰锌300 mg/L、链霉素50 mg/L；
所述松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是先将蘸根剂与黄心土按体积比为2:3的比例搅拌均匀得到浆状的生根浆，然后将插穗的基部蘸入生根浆中进行蘸根处理；将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用喷施剂对插穗喷施一次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法，其特征在于：所述的插穗是生长健壮，初始木质化或半木质化，3～8cm长的松树嫩枝插条。
3.根据权利要求1所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法，其特征在于：所述的育苗基质是按黄心土:沙子:珍珠岩为3:1:1的体积比将黄心土、沙子和珍珠岩均匀混合得到的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法，其特征在于：所述的松树扦插生根剂的使用方法是将插穗植入育苗基质2周后，每周用体积浓度为50%的喷施剂对插穗喷施一次；将插穗植入育苗基质4周后，每周用喷施剂原液对插穗喷施一次，连续喷施2～3次。
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