CN109554928A - 一种抗辐射面料制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种抗辐射面料制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN109554928A
CN109554928A CN201811393650.1A CN201811393650A CN109554928A CN 109554928 A CN109554928 A CN 109554928A CN 201811393650 A CN201811393650 A CN 201811393650A CN 109554928 A CN109554928 A CN 109554928A
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parts
agent
manufacture craft
face fabric
radiation face
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董雅林
范苗星
屠国良
倪新华
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Shaoxing Zhaofeng Velvet Fabric Co Ltd
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Shaoxing Zhaofeng Velvet Fabric Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,涉及面料制作的技术领域,一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其包括如下步骤:步骤1:将金属丝、涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺成经纱和纬纱;步骤2:将混纺后的经纱和纬纱通过经纬编织成主面料。本发明具有给面料增加抗辐射的效果。

Description

一种抗辐射面料制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及面料制作的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种抗辐射面料的制作工 艺。
背景技术
面料通常是经过一定的工序制作而成,一般来说,面料的制作工艺包括 纺纱和织造。纺纱主要是用来将原棉或者化纤进行除杂平整改性等处理后再 通过细纱机等设备拉细到所需细度的纱线。纱线用于织造工艺。织造通常是 将纱线通过经编机等纺织设备进行编织,最后制作成成品面料。
目前所生产的的大部分面料都是单纯地通过棉线或者化纤进行纺织而成, 面料的功能比较单一,无法适应人们对生活中各个场景的需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种抗辐射面料制作 工艺,通过将金属丝混纺入经纱和纬纱中,使得成品布料上形成一层金属防 护层,使得成品布料具有抗辐射的效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将金属丝、涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺成经纱和纬纱;
步骤2:将混纺后的经纱和纬纱通过经纬编织成主面料。。
通过采用上述技术方案,将金属丝、涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺成经纱和纬纱, 然后将纱线纺织成面料后,使得面料表面相当于形成了一层孔隙很小的金属 丝网,波长小于孔隙的电磁辐射都无法穿过面料,使得面料具备了抗辐射的 特性。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤1中的金属丝先浸入到第一助剂中进行预处 理,预处理完的金属丝再经过水洗和烘干定型,所述第一助剂包括以下重量 份数的组分:增塑剂10份-15份、乳化剂20份-30份。
通过采用上述技术方案,金属丝在进入到第一助剂中进行预处理时,第 一助剂中的增塑剂成分在乳化剂的作用下首先乳化在水中,再附着到金属丝 的表面,然后经过水洗去除多余的第一助剂液,再经由一定温度烘干得到表 面涂覆有增塑性能物质的金属丝,使得金属丝的韧性得到增强,在和丝线进 行揉捻的过程中不易发生断裂。
本发明进一步设置为:所述增塑剂包括以下重量份数的原料:聚氨酯类 80%-90%、消泡剂1%-2%、分散剂1%-2%和偶联剂5%-20%。
通过采用上述技术方案,聚氨酯通过与发泡剂和分散剂协同作用形成聚 氨酯涂料,当金属丝浸入时,聚氨酯涂料涂覆在金属丝的表面形成一层塑性 保护层,使得金属丝在和涤纶和亚麻纤维进行揉捻时不易被丝线之间的应力 压断,而使得金属丝的抗辐射能力降低。
本发明进一步设置为:步骤1中的丝线先进行酶处理,再浸入到第二助 剂中进行前处理,所述第二助剂包括以下重量份数的组分:20-30份柔软剂、 1-5份防静电剂、5-10份分散剂、1-3份纯碱、20-25份硅酸钠、1-3份改性 烷基季铵盐。
通过采用上述技术方案,丝线在进行揉捻之前先进行酶处理,使得丝线 的纤维分子量减少,从而使得丝线的强度降低,使丝线在和金属丝进行揉捻 时不易把金属丝拉断而使抗辐射性能降低。第二助剂中含有的柔软剂对丝线 进行软化,进一步降低丝线的强度。第二助剂中的防静电剂降低丝线电荷有 序排布,从而消除丝线的静电。改性烷基季铵盐具有一定的抗菌杀菌能力, 可以使丝线编织成的面料在使用的过程中具有抗菌能力,使面料上不易生长 细菌。
本发明进一步设置为:所述柔软剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:改性氨 基硅油20%-30%、聚醚改性硅油20%-30%、分散乳化剂8.5%-10%以及水40%-50%。
通过采用上述技术方案,改性氨基硅油具有极佳的吸附性、相容性和易 乳化性,对于浸入在柔软剂中的丝线起到软化作用。聚醚改性硅油是一种有 机硅非离子表面活性剂,可以对丝线产生柔软作用,使组成丝线的纤维刚性 下降。分散乳化剂起到对改性氨基硅油和聚醚改性硅油在水中的乳化作用, 增加两者在水中的分散度,使得丝线在进行柔软处理时可以与改性氨基硅油 和聚醚改性硅油接触范围更大,增加柔软剂的处理效果。
本发明进一步设置为:配置柔软剂时维持温度在80-90℃之间。
通过采用上述技术方案,柔软剂中的改性氨基硅油、聚醚改性硅油和分 散乳化剂在混合时,80-90℃的高温可以加速三者在水中的无规则晕倒,从而 加速乳化剂对改性氨基硅油、聚醚改性硅油的增溶。
本发明进一步设置为:所述酶处理采用的酶处理液包括以下重量份数的 组分:8-10份纤维素酶、8-10份阴离子表面活性剂、60-80份非离子表面活 性剂和5份pH调节剂。
通过采用上述技术方案,纤维素酶在加入酶活剂和相适应的pH条件下, 使得组成丝线的涤纶和亚麻纤维的分子量减小,相应的丝线强度降低,从而 使丝线在揉捻时不易将金属丝压断。
本发明进一步设置为:所述酶处理温度控制为30-40℃,处理时间为 30min。
通过采用上述技术方案,当酶处理的温度处于30℃以下时,酶的活性很 低,纤维素酶分解纤维的效率很低,时间消耗大。当酶处理的温度高于40℃ 时,酶的活性也很低,而且温度过高时容易失活,分解纤维的效率几乎为零。 30-40℃之间时,纤维素酶的活性强度较高,可以高效地将构成丝线的纤维分 子量降低。处理时间30min可以保持纤维素酶对丝线的分解时间适宜,既在 降低构成丝线的纤维的分子量的同时,又可以维持纤维的分子量不会被降低 的太小而使丝线被溶解。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤2的成品面料密度为18.5×34.5根/米。
通过采用上述技术方案,在该密度下的成品面料可以维持编织形成的金 属网层的空隙尺径小于大部分电磁辐射的波长,从而使面料可以将电磁辐射 阻挡下来。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、由于本发明采用涤纶和亚麻纤维和金属丝揉捻而成的经纱和纬纱经经 纬编织而成面料,使得面料中形成一层金属网层,金属网层对大于金属网层 孔径的电磁波具有阻挡作用,从而使面料具备抗辐射作用;
2、由于本发明采用的涤纶和亚麻纤维在和金属丝揉捻前先在第二助剂中 进行预处理,第二助剂中的柔软剂对丝线进行柔软处理,使得丝线在和金属 丝揉捻时,丝线的强度降低,使得金属丝不会由于丝线的挤压而绷断。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
涤纶和亚麻纤维前处理:(1)配置柔软剂:将改性氨基硅油20%、聚醚改 性硅油20%、分散乳化剂10%与水50%在85℃的温度下混合均匀;
(2)配置酶处理液:将8份纤维素酶、8份磷酸酯盐阴离子表面活性剂、 60份聚乙二醇型非离子表面活性剂和5份稀氢氧化钠pH调节剂混合均匀, 并调节混合溶液温度为30℃;
(3)配置第二助剂:将20份的柔软剂、1份防静电剂、5份分散剂、1份 纯碱、20份硅酸钠、1份改性烷基季铵盐混合均匀;
(4)将涤纶和亚麻纤维进行酶处理:先将涤纶和亚麻纤维放入酶处理液中, 保持温度恒定,酶处理30min,然后将涤纶和亚麻纤维捞出进行水洗,除去 残留的酶处理液;
(5)将涤纶和亚麻纤维放入第二助剂液中,缓慢搅拌,浸泡1-2小时,然 后取出涤纶和亚麻纤维进行水洗、烘干。
金属丝预处理:(1)配置增塑剂:聚氨酯类80%、消泡剂1%份,分散剂 1%份和偶联剂18%混合均匀;
(2)配置第一助剂:将增塑剂10份、乳化剂20份。
步骤1:将预处理后的金属丝和前处理后的涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺成经纱 和纬纱;
步骤2:将经纱和纬纱通过经纬编织成主面料。
实施例2到实施例9与实施例1的区别在于:配置的柔软剂中的各组分 以重量百分比计如下表:单位%
实施例10到实施例21与实施例1的区别在于:配置的第二助剂份各组 分以重量份数计如下表:
实施例22到实施例25与实施例1的区别在于:配置的增塑剂中各组分 以重量百分比计如下表:单位%
实施例26到实施例29与实施例1的区别在于:第一助剂的组分以重量 份数计如下表:
实施例30到实施例与实施例33的区别在于:酶处理液的组分以重量份 数计如下表:
实施例34到实施例37与实施例1的区别在于:酶处理液的温度如下表: 单位℃
对比例1:
步骤1:将涤纶和亚麻纤维初步混纺成经纱和纬纱;
步骤2:将经纱和纬纱通过经纬编织成主面料。
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于:涤纶和亚麻纤维在与金属丝混纺前未 经过第二助剂的前处理。
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于:金属丝在与涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺前未 经过第一助剂的前处理。
对比例4与实施例1的区别在于:配置的第二助剂份各组分以重量份数 计如下表:
对比例5与实施例1的区别在于:配置的第二助剂份各组分以重量份数 计如下表:
抗辐射性能检测试验
抗辐射性能测试:GB/T26383-2011《抗电磁辐射精梳毛织品》
ASTM-ES-7同轴传输线法:通过比较测试样品的参考试样的屏蔽效应值 与负载屏蔽效应值的差异,确定被测样品的屏蔽效应。
组别 SE/db
实施例1 31
对比例1 5
对比例2 27
对比例3 24
结论:由上表可以看出,SE值在实施例1中最大,在对比例1中最小, 对比例2和对比例3均小于实施例1,说明金属丝揉捻的经纬纱编织的面料 对电磁辐射有明显的削弱作用,而第一助剂和第二助剂的添加有效地减少了 金属丝在揉捻时的断裂情况,使得实施例1的SE值大于对比例2和对比例3, 即抗辐射能力实施例1大于对比例2和对比例3。
抗菌性能检测试验
抗菌性能测试:AATCC-90试验法:在琼脂培养基上接种试验菌,再紧贴 试样,于37℃下培养24h后,用放大镜观察菌类繁殖情况和试样周围无菌区 的晕圈大小。阻止带宽度由1级到10级依次增加。阻止带宽度代表抗菌效力 的大小。
结论:由上表可以看出阻止带的宽度在实施例21中最宽,从实施例21 到18以及实施例1依次递减,说明无菌区的范围在增大,对比例5中阻止带 宽度为0,从而证明改性烷基季铵盐的添加可以增加面料的抗菌抑菌能力, 并且抗菌抑菌的能力随添加的量增大而增强。
防静电性能检测试验
防静电性能测试:AATCC76-1995织物抗静电试验检验方法:通过抗静电 表和电极对预备间距的测试材料进行抗静电欧姆测试,抗静电欧姆值R越大, 抗静电能力越差。
组别 R(欧姆)
实施例1 864
实施例14 755
实施例15 623
实施例16 436
实施例17 356
对比例4 1015
结论:由上表可以看出添加了抗静电剂的实施例1、实施例14-17的抗 静电欧姆值比对比例4的抗静电欧姆值小,证明抗静电剂的加入增加了面料 的抗静电能力。而由实施例14-17的抗静电欧姆值随抗静电剂的添加量增多 而减小,证明抗静电能力在随抗静电剂的添加量增加而降低。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于 上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应 当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下 的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将金属丝、涤纶和亚麻纤维混纺成经纱和纬纱;
步骤2:将混纺后的经纱和纬纱通过经纬编织成主面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中的金属丝先浸入到第一助剂中进行预处理,所述第一助剂包括以下重量份数的组分:增塑剂10份-15份、乳化剂20份-30份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述增塑剂包括以下重量百分比的原料:聚氨酯类80%-90%、消泡剂1%-2%、分散剂1%-2%和偶联剂5%-20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:步骤1中的涤纶和亚麻纤维先进行酶处理,再浸入到第二助剂中进行前处理,所述第二助剂包括以下重量份数的组分:柔软剂20-30份、防静电剂1-5份、分散剂5-10份、纯碱1-3份、硅酸钠20-25份、改性烷基季铵盐1-3份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述柔软剂包括以下重量百分比的组分:改性氨基硅油20%-30%、聚醚改性硅油20%-30%、分散乳化剂8.5%-10%以及水40%-50%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:配置柔软剂时维持温度在80-90℃之间。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述酶处理采用的酶处理液包括以下重量份数的组分:纤维素酶8-10份、阴离子表面活性剂8-10份、非离子表面活性剂60-80份、5份pH调节剂。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述酶处理温度控制为30-40℃,处理时间为30mi n。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗辐射面料的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤2的成品布料密度为18.5×34.5根/米。
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