CN108486895A - 一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,采用物理和化学的方法,选择合适配方的处理剂和工艺批量化处理卡洛丝纤维之后,可提高纤维的重量、表面摩擦系数、抗静电性能以及机械力学性能,从而使卡洛丝纤维在纺纱过程中,达到充分混合和梳理、均匀成网、减少断头和改善纱线毛羽、条干均匀度以及提高纱线强力的效果。同时在纺纱过程中,能减少飞花和灰尘,从而改善纺纱车间环境。通过本发明的实施,可以达到提高卡洛丝纱线及其织物的等级和品质的效果,最终为卡洛丝纤维纱线及其织物的产业化打下基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型纺织纤维技术领域,具体涉及一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺。
背景技术
现代纺织产业的主要纤维种类分为化学纤维和天然纤维。其中,化学纤维包括再生纤维、合成纤维和无机纤维,常采用人工再生和化学合成的方法得到;天然纤维包括植物纤维、动物纤维和矿物纤维,通常需要使用化肥、占用耕地和人工种殖获得。随着现代社会的环境恶化、绿色低碳和生态意识加强,人们不断积极寻找更加环保经济的纺织纤维和新型纺织材料技术。在此背景下,开发一种新型天然纤维已成为当务之急,而卡洛丝(Calotropis gigantea)纤维正是一种有着足够的开发潜力与发展前景的天然生态植物纤维。卡洛丝纤维是从卡洛丝果实的种子中生长出来的一种生态环保、超轻质和多功能性的天然植物纤维,其横截面具有与木棉纤维类似的高中空度,高达80%-90%,可以作为潜在的保暖材料、吸水吸油材料和浮力材料等。其纵向结构较之棉纤维没有天然卷曲,且质量更轻,表面极其光滑,光泽如蚕丝一般,手感柔软顺滑,除此之外纤维还具有抗菌抑菌和驱虫防霉等优良性能。据检测,卡洛丝纤维抗金黄色葡萄球菌率超过99%,可以用来制作具有抗菌作用的内衣裤、袜子等贴身衣物以及床上用品的开发。然而,现阶段卡洛丝纤维的纺纱工艺尚不成熟。原因是卡洛丝纤维的断裂强度低,刚性较大,纤维与纤维之间缺少抱合力且表面摩擦力很小,纤维极易脆断,造成了极大的纺纱加工难度。目前,国内外还没有卡洛丝纤维纯纺的纱线、面料以及最终产品面市,仅有一些卡洛丝混纺纱线和织物相关的报道,如中国专利公开号:CN107523913A,所述了一种精梳涤棉与卡洛丝纤维混纺纱及其制备方法。因此,为了实现卡洛丝纤维的产业化,需要加大力度解决好卡洛丝纤维纺纱之前的预处理工艺。需要采用科学合理的纤维改性配方、处理工艺和加工设备,提高卡洛丝纤维的韧性和塑性,改善纤维的可纺性和纱线的可织性,为成功开发一系列卡洛丝纱线和最终产品打下基础。
发明内容
本发明目的是:提供一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,解决卡洛丝纤维在纺纱过程中容易脆断、打滑和飞花的问题。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)去除卡洛丝纤维多余的杂质,然后在烘箱中将所述卡洛丝纤维烘干至恒重;
(2)将烘干之后的卡洛丝纤维分散开,将纤维增韧增塑剂、水性聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)溶液、和毛油乳液或纤维降滑剂处理液中的任意一种以喷雾处理或浸渍处理的方式喷射或浸润所述烘干的卡洛丝纤维上,然后干燥,得到改性卡洛丝纤维。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述烘箱设置的温度为60-80℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述纤维增韧增塑剂为高分子聚合物、柔软剂、乳化剂、无机金属盐、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂复配而成的助剂,其中高分子聚合物、乳化剂、无机金属盐、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂的质量比为0.1~3:1~5:1~5:10~200:1~5:1~5,其中所述高分子聚合物为聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯类的衍生物或海藻酸钠,所述柔软剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,所述无机金属盐为氯化钙,所述非离子型表面活性剂为平平加O,所述阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述纤维增韧增塑剂中有效物含量为6~12%,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7~13g纤维增韧增塑剂,干燥温度为60~120℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述水性PU溶液是一种基于阴离子型的水性聚氨酯分散体,数均相对分子量为20000-50000,含固量为5~25%,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7~13g水性PU溶液,干燥温度为80~145℃,干燥时间为1~4h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述和毛油乳液中的和毛油为矿物油、锭子油、太古油、油酸、乳化剂、柔软剂、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂经过乳化搅拌而成,其有效物含量为99%,pH值为6-8,其中,所述乳化剂为山梨坦单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨酸酯60或烷基磺酸钠,所述柔软剂为蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚,所述非离子型表面活性剂为平平加O,所述阴离子型表面活性剂为烷基磺酸钠。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述和毛油乳液通过加水至和毛油中配制而成,所述和毛油和水的质量比为1:3~9,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7-13g和毛油乳液,所述干燥的温度为20-30℃,相对湿度为60-70%,平衡12~48h,自然风干。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述纤维降滑剂处理液的有效成分为硅凝胶,分子式为SiO2,用量是1~4% o.w.f(相对织物百分比),浴比为1:10~30。
进一步的,步骤(2)中包括将卡洛丝纤维浸渍在纤维降滑剂处理液中5-30分钟,处理温度为30-45℃。
本发明提供了一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其优点是:
(1)所述工艺和方法操作简单,原料来源广泛,价格便宜,生态环保;
(2)增大了纤维质量比重,减少了开清和梳理工艺中的飞花问题,改善了生产车间的空气质量和操作人员的工作环境;
(3)提高了纤维之间的摩擦力和抱合力,提高了纤维的机械强力,从而提高了纺纱效率和降低了生产成本;
(4)改善了卡洛丝纤维的纺纱性能,有助于开发出高质量纱线和最终产品,从而提高了产品附加值和经济效益。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中,
图1(a)为本发明实施例1-4中所述的一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺所制备的改性卡洛丝纤维中的单根卡洛丝纤维增重率柱状图;
图1(b)为本发明实施例1-4中所述的一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺所制备的改性卡洛丝纤维中的单根卡洛丝纤维断裂比强度和断裂伸长率柱状图;
图1(c)为本发明实施例1-4中所述的一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺所制备的改性卡洛丝纤维中的单根卡洛丝纤维初始模量柱状图;
图2(a-e)分别代表本发明实施例1-4中所述的一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理前(a)和处理后(b-e)的实施例1-4中所述的卡洛丝纤维横向和纵向扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。但是本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明所要求的权利范围内其他任何公知的改变。
首先,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
其次,本发明利用结构示意图等进行详细描述,在详述本发明实施例时,为便于说明,示意图会不依一般比例作局部放大,而且所述示意图只是实例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外,在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间。
实施例1
本实施案例展示一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,包括:
去除卡洛丝纤维中的杂质,然后在烘箱中将纤维烘干至恒重,将有效物含量为6~12%的纤维增韧增塑剂装至喷洒设备中并对烘干的卡洛丝纤维进行喷雾处理,该纤维增塑增韧剂为高分子聚合物、柔软剂、乳化剂、有机金属盐、非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂复配而成的助剂,其中高分子聚合物为聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯类的衍生物或海藻酸钠,柔软剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,有机金属盐为氯化钙,非离子型表现活性剂为平平加O,阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠。1g卡洛丝纤维喷洒7~13g阳离子型柔软剂,喷雾时需要将卡洛丝纤维均匀分散开,保证纤维与助剂充分接触,干燥温度为60~120℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
实施例2
本实施案例展示一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,包括:
去除卡洛丝纤维中的杂质,然后在烘箱中将纤维烘干至恒重,将含固量为5~25%的水性PU溶液装至喷洒设备中并对烘干的卡洛丝纤维进行喷雾处理,该水性PU溶液是一种基于阴离子型的水性聚氨酯分散体,数均相对分子量为20000-50000,1g卡洛丝纤维喷洒7~13g水性PU溶液,喷雾时需要将卡洛丝纤维逐根分散开,保证纤维能被均匀的喷洒。干燥温度为80~145℃,干燥时间为1~4h。
实施例3
本实施案例展示一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,包括:
去除卡洛丝纤维中的杂质,然后在烘箱中将纤维烘干至恒重,将卡洛丝纤维均匀分散开,用和毛油以喷雾方式均匀喷洒在卡洛丝纤维上,所述和毛油为矿物油、锭子油、太古油、油酸、乳化剂、柔软剂、非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂经过乳化搅拌而成,其有效物含量为99%,pH值为6-8,其中乳化剂为山梨坦单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨酸酯60、烷基磺酸钠,柔软剂为蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚,非离子型表面活性剂为平平加O(Peregal O),阴离子表面活性剂为烷基磺酸钠,加水至和毛油中配制成乳液后使用,和毛油和水的质量比为1:3~9,1g纤维使用7-13g和毛油乳液,处理过后将卡洛丝纤维置于温度为20-30℃,相对湿度60-70%,平衡24h,自然风干。
实施例4
本实施案例展示一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,包括:
去除卡洛丝纤维的杂质,然后在烘箱中将纤维烘干至恒重,先配制纤维降滑剂处理液,该降滑剂的有效成分为硅凝胶,分子式为SiO2,相对织物百分比用量是1-4%,浴比为1:10~30,将卡洛丝纤维浸渍在降滑剂处理液中5~30min,处理温度为40℃左右,干燥温度为80~145℃,干燥时间为1~4h。
上述四个实施例所制得的改性卡洛丝纤维具有下面的特性:
表1 卡洛丝纤维处理前后机械性能表
请参阅表1、图1和图2,如表1、图1(a)-(c)、图2(a-d)所示,实施例1中的卡洛丝纤维经过增韧增塑剂喷雾处理后,纤维增重率达到72.3%,卡洛丝纤维的断裂比强度由2.96cN/dtex提升到6.44cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由1.92%提升到4.19%,初始模量由146.6cN/dtex提升到365.3cN/dtex。卡洛丝纤维的质量得到大幅提高,解决了纤维漂浮、飞散难控制和落花多等问题,其力学性能也得到了显著的提高,可以实现纤维的顺利梳棉、成条和纺纱;实施例2中的卡洛丝纤维经进过水性PU溶液的喷雾处理后,纤维增重率达到11.2%,纤维的断裂比强度由2.96 cN/dtex提升到7.88cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由1.92%提升到2.53%,初始模量由146.6 cN/dtex提升到420.0cN/dtex。卡洛丝纤维的质量因为聚氨酯在纤维表面覆盖了一层薄膜而得到了提升,其力学性能也得到了显著的提高,增加了卡洛丝纤维的可纺性,能赋予织物柔软、丰满的手感,改善织物耐磨性、抗皱性、回弹性、通透性和耐热性等;实施例3中的卡洛丝纤维经过和毛油的喷雾处理后,纤维增重率达到61.7%,卡洛丝纤维的断裂比强度由2.96cN/dtex提升到4.94cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由1.92%提升到3.11%,初始模量由146.6cN/dtex提升到152.9cN/dtex。卡洛丝纤维的力学性能得到了显著的提高,可以实现纤维的顺利梳棉、成条和纺纱;实施例4中的卡洛丝纤维经过降滑剂浸渍处理后,纤维质量小幅提升达到4.1%,断裂比强度2.96cN/dtex提升到5.35cN/dtex,断裂伸长率由1.92%提升到3.37%,初始模量由146.6cN/dtex提升到172.1cN/dtex。纤维间摩擦明显提高,破坏了纤维之间的光滑性,增加抱合力,使纤维梳棉、成条、成网变得更为容易。
综上所述,本发明公开了一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,使用物理和化学的方法处理卡洛丝纤维,可提高纤维的重量以及力学性能,使卡洛丝纤维梳理时成网容易,絮网均匀且清晰,成条时具有抗静电性,减少飞花,提高可纺性,可以达到改善卡洛丝纱线及其织物的等级和品质的效果,最终为卡洛丝纤维纱线、面料及其最终产品的产业化打下基础。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)去除卡洛丝纤维原料中多余的杂质,然后在烘箱中将所述卡洛丝纤维预烘干至恒重;
(2)将烘干后的卡洛丝纤维均匀分散开,将纤维增韧增塑剂、水性聚氨酯溶液、和毛油乳液和纤维降滑剂处理液中的任意一种以喷雾处理或浸渍处理的方式喷射或浸润所述烘干的卡洛丝纤维,然后真空干燥,得到改性后的卡洛丝纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述烘箱设置的预烘干温度为60-80℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述纤维增韧增塑剂为高分子聚合物、柔软剂、乳化剂、无机金属盐、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂复配而成的助剂,其中高分子聚合物、乳化剂、无机金属盐、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂的质量比为0.1~3:1~5:1~5:10~200:1~5:1~5,其中所述高分子聚合物为聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯类的衍生物或海藻酸钠,所述柔软剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,所述无机金属盐为氯化钙,所述非离子型表面活性剂为平平加O,所述阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠。
4.根据权利要求3所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述纤维增韧增塑剂中有效物含质量比为6~12%,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7~13g纤维增韧增塑剂,干燥温度为60~120℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述水性聚氨酯溶液是一种基于阴离子型的水性聚氨酯分散体,数均相对分子量为20000-50000,含固量为5~25%,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7~13g水性聚氨酯溶液,干燥温度为80~145℃,干燥时间为1~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述和毛油乳液中的和毛油为矿物油、锭子油、太古油、油酸、乳化剂、柔软剂、非离子型表面活性剂和阴离子型表面活性剂经过乳化搅拌而成,其有效物含量为99%,pH值为6-8,其中,所述乳化剂为山梨坦单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨酸酯60或烷基磺酸钠,所述柔软剂为蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚,所述非离子型表面活性剂为平平加O,所述阴离子型表面活性剂为烷基磺酸钠。
7.根据权利要求6所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述和毛油乳液通过加水至和毛油中配制而成,所述和毛油和水的质量比为1:3~9,每1g卡洛丝纤维使用7-13g和毛油乳液,所述干燥的温度为20-30℃,相对湿度为60-70%,平衡12~48h,自然风干。
8.根据权利要求1所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述纤维降滑剂处理液的有效成分为硅凝胶,分子式为SiO2,相对织物百分比用量是1~4%,浴比为1:10~30。
9.根据权利要求8所述的卡洛丝纤维改性处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤(2)中包括将卡洛丝纤维浸渍在纤维降滑剂处理液中5-30分钟,处理温度为30-45℃。
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