CN109527530A - 富含维生素d2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

富含维生素d2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109527530A
CN109527530A CN201811506520.4A CN201811506520A CN109527530A CN 109527530 A CN109527530 A CN 109527530A CN 201811506520 A CN201811506520 A CN 201811506520A CN 109527530 A CN109527530 A CN 109527530A
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mushroom
raw material
vitamin
bacteria powder
ultraviolet light
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梁云
曹晟
王身健
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Ji Hanpeng
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Ji Hanpeng
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/101028 priority patent/WO2020119162A1/zh
Priority to AU2019399552A priority patent/AU2019399552B2/en
Priority to US17/343,102 priority patent/US20210289821A1/en
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Abstract

本发明涉及食用菌加工领域，公开了一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用，该制备方法包括：将蘑菇原料切片后进行紫外光照射处理，所述紫外光照射由280‑315nm的UVB照射和200‑280nm的UVC照射组合，所述紫外光照射过程中环境温度为20‑55℃、环境相对湿度为50‑85％、蘑菇原料的含水量不低于20％；将经所述紫外光照射后的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下进行干燥；将经所述干燥的蘑菇原料进行粉碎。本发明通过控制紫外光照射处理时的波长、温度和湿度条件，提高麦角固醇转化成维生素D2的转化率，同时采用氮气保护的干燥方法，避免维生素D2形成同分异构体杂质或降解损失，提高蘑菇菌粉产品的品质。

Description

富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及食用菌加工领域，具体涉及一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
维生素D是人体必须的脂溶性类固醇衍生物，除调节钙磷代谢的营养功能外，还具有抗肿瘤、预防心血管病、自身免疫性疾病及糖尿病等作用。与健康密切相关的形式有维生素D2和维生素D3。维生素D3可通过人体表皮细胞的7-脱氢胆固醇经日光照射后异构化获得，而维生素D2人体自身无法合成。我国儿童软骨病、佝偻病和老年骨质疏松症的发病率较高，因此，有必要寻求多种膳食途径补充机体维生素D2的水平。
维生素D2的来源有酵母发酵法、青霉素废菌丝体提取法和食用菌转化法三种，并已分别应用到药品和食品工业中。食品工业所使用的维生素D2对纯度的要求一般没有药品对纯度的要求高，所以食品工业常采用食用菌来源的维生素D2，同时可以利用食用菌的风味。
食用菌中蘑菇所含有的维生素D2较为丰富，同时含有其他多种营养元素，因此食用菌已被广泛用作维生素D2的来源，但是目前公开的含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的生产方法，需要对蘑菇菌粉进行干燥，而干燥过程中常因高温条件和氧气的存在，造成维生素D2转化成同分异构体或形成降解反应，最终导致获得的蘑菇菌粉存在维生素D2含量低、副产物含量高的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2含量低、副产物含量高的问题，提供一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法，本发明通过控制紫外光照射转化时的波长、温度和湿度条件提高麦角固醇转化成维生素D2的转化率，同时采用氮气保护的干燥方法，避免维生素D2形成同分异构体杂质或降解损失，提高蘑菇菌粉产品的品质。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一方面提供一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，包括：
(1)将蘑菇原料切片后进行紫外光照射处理，所述紫外光照射由280-315nm的UVB照射和200-280nm的UVC照射组合，所述紫外光照射过程中环境温度为20-55℃、环境相对湿度为50-85％，蘑菇原料的水分含量不低于20％；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下进行干燥；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的蘑菇原料进行粉碎。
优选地，所述UVB的照射剂量为1.5-6.5J/cm2、照射时间为8-150min。
优选地，所述UVC的照射剂量为80-120mJ/cm2、照射时间为20-30min。
优选地，所述紫外光照射包括对切片后的所述蘑菇原料进行双面紫外光照射。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述切片包括：将所述蘑菇原料切成厚度为0.8-1.2mm的薄片。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述干燥采用热风循环干燥箱进行，所述干燥的温度为60-80℃。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述粉碎包括：将经所述干燥后的所述蘑菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100-200目的蘑菇菌粉。
本发明的第二方面，提供由上述方法制备的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉，所述蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量≥350μg/g、菌落总数≤800cfu/g、无致病菌检出。
本发明的第三方面，提供由上述方法制备的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉在食品中的应用，其中所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。
通过上述技术方案，可以达到以下优点：
(1)通过UVB和UVC组合的紫外光对蘑菇原料进行照射处理，可以将蘑菇原料中富含的麦角固醇转化为维生素D2，同时UVC紫外光还可以对蘑菇原料进行消毒，保证得到的蘑菇菌粉中微生物指标满足食品或药品加工的要求；
(2)控制紫外光照射过程中的环境温度和环境相对湿度，避免蘑菇原料过度干燥，提高蘑菇原料中麦角固醇转化成维生素D2的转化率，进一步提高蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量；
(3)蘑菇原料的干燥过程利用氮气保护隔绝空气并降低干燥过程的温度，有效避免维生素D2形成同分异构体杂质或降解损失，减少副产物的产生。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，包括：(1)将蘑菇原料切片后进行紫外光照射处理，所述紫外光照射由280-315nm的UVB照射和200-280nm的UVC照射组合，所述紫外光照射过程中环境温度为20-55℃、环境相对湿度为50-85％，蘑菇原料的水分含量不低于20％；(2)将步骤(1)所得的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下进行干燥；(3)将步骤(2)所得的蘑菇原料进行粉碎。
本发明中，所述蘑菇原料可以是双孢菇、香菇或其他蘑菇中的一种或多种，所述蘑菇原料经采收后需在2天内进行及时的冷藏保存备用，冷藏温度为15℃以下；所述紫外光由UVB灯管和UVC灯管提供，UVB灯管功率为50-100W，UVC灯管功率为15-40W，所述紫外光照射的方式为将蘑菇原料切片后置于金属网状托盘上，将紫外灯管固定在位于托盘两侧、距离托盘70-80cm的架子上，保障托盘到紫外灯光的距离在10-60cm，进行双面照射；所述干燥采用热风循环干燥机，对循环风进行充氮，所述充氮的氮气纯度为99.9％以上，采用无油空压机提供压缩空气后，经变压吸附的制氮机产生所述氮气，所述制氮机的出风口与热风循环干燥机的循环风进口相连通，进行充氮干燥。
优选地，所述UVB光照的强度所述UVB的照射剂量为1.5-6.5J/cm2、照射时间为8-150min，所述UVB光照的强度可以为1.5J/cm2、2J/cm2、2.5J/cm2、3J/cm2、3.5J/cm2、4J/cm2、4.5J/cm2、5J/cm2、5.5J/cm2、6J/cm2、6.5J/cm2或两个值之间的任意值。
优选地，所述UVC的照射剂量为80-120mJ/cm2、照射时间为20-30min。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述切片包括：将所述蘑菇原料切成厚度为0.8-1.2mm的薄片，在切片前需要去除采收的蘑菇上残留的培养基异物，并进行人工清洗或机械清洗。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述干燥采用热风循环干燥箱进行，所述干燥的温度为60-80℃。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述粉碎包括：将经所述干燥后的所述蘑菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100-200目的蘑菇菌粉。
第二方面，本发明的提供由上述方法制备的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉，所述蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量≥350μg/g、菌落总数≤800cfu/g、无致病菌检出。
第三方面；本发明提供由上述方法制备的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉在食品中的应用，其中所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
以下实施例中，维生素D2的含量采用GB14755-2010的方法测得，检测仪器为日本日立公司的L-7000高效液相色谱，菌落总数采用GB4789.2-2016的方法测得，大肠菌群采用GB4789.3-2016的方法测得，致病菌采用GB29921-2013的方法测得；双孢菇、香菇为山东临沂瑞泽农业科技有限公司的市售品。
实施例1
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为280nm、照射剂量为1.5J/cm2的UVB对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射180min，再采用波长为200nm、照射剂量为80mJ/cm2的UVC对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射30min，照射过程中环境温度为20℃、环境相对湿度为50％、双孢菇原料的水分含量为20％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为60℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100目的蘑菇菌粉。
实施例2
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为1.2mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为300nm、照射剂量为4J/cm2的UVB对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射100min，再采用波长为240nm、照射剂量为100mJ/cm2的UVC对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射25min，照射过程中环境温度为35℃、环境相对湿度为70％、双孢菇原料的水分含量为30％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为70℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为200目的蘑菇菌粉。
实施例3
(1)切片：将采收的香菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到香菇原料，称取10kg香菇原料切成厚度为1.0mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为315nm、照射剂量为6.5J/cm2的UVB对香菇原料薄片双面照射8min，再采用波长为280nm、照射剂量为120mJ/cm2的UVC对香菇原料薄片双面照射20min，照射过程中环境温度为55℃、环境相对湿度为85％、香菇原料的水分含量为40％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的香菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为80℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的香菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为150目的蘑菇菌粉。
实施例4
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为305nm、照射剂量为8J/cm2的UVB对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射8min，再采用波长为200nm、照射剂量为80mJ/cm2的UVC对双孢菇原料薄片双面照射30min，照射过程中环境温度为20℃、环境相对湿度为50％、双孢菇原料的水分含量为20％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为60℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100目的蘑菇菌粉。
实施例5
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇和香菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢菇和5kg香菇切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为290nm、照射剂量为3J/cm2的UVB对蘑菇原料薄片双面照射180min，再采用波长为220nm、照射剂量为150mJ/cm2的UVC对蘑菇原料薄片双面照射20min，照射过程中环境温度为45℃、环境相对湿度为65％、蘑菇原料的水分含量为30％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为50℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的蘑菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为180目的蘑菇菌粉。
实施例6
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇和香菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到蘑菇原料，称取5kg双孢菇和5kg香菇切成厚度为1.2mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为290nm、照射剂量为1J/cm2的UVB对蘑菇原料薄片双面照射150min，再采用波长为260nm、照射剂量为110mJ/cm2的UVC对蘑菇原料薄片双面照射20min，照射过程中环境温度为25℃、环境相对湿度为60％、蘑菇原料的水分含量为20％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为75℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的蘑菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为180目的蘑菇菌粉。
对比例1
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为0.8mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：在常温常压条件下，采用波长为280nm、照射剂量为1.5J/cm2的UVB对双孢菇原料薄片照射100min，再采用波长为200nm、照射剂量为80mJ/cm2的UVC对双孢菇原料薄片照射15min；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在充氮条件下采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为60℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100目的蘑菇菌粉。
对比例2
(1)切片：将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为1.2mm的薄片；
(2)紫外光照射：采用波长为300nm、照射剂量为4J/cm2的UVB对双孢菇原料薄片照射65min，再采用波长为240nm、照射剂量为100mJ/cm2的UVC对双孢菇原料薄片照射10min，照射过程中环境温度为35℃、环境相对湿度为70％、双孢菇原料的水分含量为30％；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料采用热风循环干燥箱进行干燥，干燥温度为120℃；
(4)将经所述干燥的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为200目的蘑菇菌粉。
对比例3
(1)将采收的双孢菇去除培养基异物后进行清洗得到双孢菇原料，称取10kg双孢菇原料切成厚度为1.2mm的薄片；
(2)将双孢菇原料利用波长为360nm的紫外线在常温常压下照射90min；
(3)将经所述紫外光照射后的双孢菇原料在高真空状态、90℃条件下冻干，冻干后水分含量为3.4％；
(4)将经所述冻干后的双孢菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为150目的蘑菇菌粉。
实验结果
分别将实施例1-实施例6和对比例1-对比例3制得的蘑菇菌粉，进行蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2含量、菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌的测定，得到的测定数据见表1。
表1实施例制得的蘑菇菌粉的实验结果
通过表1的结果可以看出，采用本发明的制备方法所得到的蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量均具有显著的提高，微生物指标(菌落总数、大肠菌群)明显优于对比例，且均无致病菌检出，满足食品安全要求。通过实施例1和对比例1可以看出，通过调节紫外光照射过程中的环境温度和环境相对湿度，将蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量增加了2.43倍，菌落总数减少569cfu/g；通过对比实施例2和对比例2可以看出，利用氮气隔绝氧气、降低干燥温度时，维生素D2的含量也明显高于在氧气条件下高温干燥所得的蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量。通过本发明的制备方法所得到的蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量达到630.8μg/g。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合，这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)将蘑菇原料切片后进行紫外光照射处理，所述紫外光照射由280-315nm的UVB照射和200-280nm的UVC照射组合，所述紫外光照射过程中环境温度为20-55℃、环境相对湿度为50-85％，蘑菇原料的水分含量不低于20％；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的蘑菇原料在充氮条件下进行干燥；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的蘑菇原料进行粉碎。
2.根据权利要求1或2所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，所述UVB的照射剂量为1.5-6.5J/cm2、照射时间为8-150min。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，所述UVC的照射剂量为80-120mJ/cm2、照射时间为20-30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，所述紫外光照射包括对切片后的所述蘑菇原料进行双面紫外光照射。
5.根据权利要求1所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述切片包括：将所述蘑菇原料切成厚度为0.8-1.2mm的薄片。
6.根据权利要求1所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述干燥采用热风循环干燥箱进行，所述干燥的温度为60-80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述粉碎包括：将经所述干燥后的所述蘑菇原料进行超微粉碎，获得颗粒大小为100-200目的蘑菇菌粉。
8.由权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法制备的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉，所述蘑菇菌粉中维生素D2的含量≥350μg/g、菌落总数≤800cfu/g、无致病菌检出。
9.权利要求8所述的富含维生素D2的蘑菇菌粉在食品中的应用，其中所述食品优选为保健食品或健康食品。
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WO2020119162A1 (zh) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 瞿瀚鹏 一种富含维生素d2的蘑菇菌粉及其制备方法和应用
WO2020119163A1 (zh) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 瞿瀚鹏 一种蘑菇维生素d2油的制备方法及应用
CN111588025A (zh) * 2020-05-26 2020-08-28 广州富诺营养科技有限公司 一种蘑菇粉维生素d2的制备方法
CN111642733A (zh) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-11 瞿瀚鹏 提高蘑菇中维生素d2含量的方法和制备食用蘑菇粉的方法
CN112369575A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2021-02-19 广州富诺营养科技有限公司 一种蘑菇油维生素d2组合物及其制备方法和应用
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