CN109526816B - Breeding method of new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp - Google Patents
Breeding method of new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526816B CN109526816B CN201811546620.XA CN201811546620A CN109526816B CN 109526816 B CN109526816 B CN 109526816B CN 201811546620 A CN201811546620 A CN 201811546620A CN 109526816 B CN109526816 B CN 109526816B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A breeding method of a new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp is characterized by comprising the following steps: parent selection, parent breeding, offspring breeding and offspring breeding. The invention breaks through the traditional thinking, creatively hybridizes two large carp varieties to obtain a new fancy carp variety with gorgeous color and rich patterns, and the obtained new fancy carp variety is subjected to breeding test, so that the new hybridized variety has the characteristics of quick growth, large individual, gorgeous body color and rich patterns of the fancy carp, and high ornamental value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fish breeding technology, in particular to a hybridization technology, and specifically relates to a breeding method of a new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp.
Background
The Furui carp and the fancy carp both belong to carpools, and are bred in different species for a long time. The Cyprinus carpio is English named as FFRC strain common carp, and is a new Cyprinus carpio variety obtained by hybridizing Cyprinus carpio and wild Cyprinus carpio in the research center of freshwater fishery of the Chinese aquatic science research institute by using Cyprinus carpio and wild Cyprinus carpio as original parents and performing population breeding for 1 generation and family breeding for 4 generations continuously.
The Furui carp is fusiform, high in back, wide in body and small in head, the Furui carp is in a horseshoe shape at the inferior oral position, the upper jaw wraps the lower jaw, the Furui carp is blunt and flexible, the whole body covers large round scales, the body color changes with different inhabitation environments, the back is generally grey, the abdomen is light and white, and the hip fin and the lower fin are orange-red.
The Fu Rui carp can live in a water body at the temperature of 0-37 ℃, is suitable for water temperature of 15-30 ℃, belongs to fish at the bottom layer, inhabits a soft bottom layer and a water grass jungle place in a water area, likes to find food in a humus mud layer, is food-feeding impurity, mainly eats plankton in a juvenile fish period, mainly eats small fish, shrimps, red worms, snail meat, water earthworm benthonic animals, algae fruits and the like in adult fish, has close relation with water temperature, has the highest appetite when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, continuously eats from the early to the late, has the water temperature of less than 10 ℃, has small activity and basically does not eat, has strong adaptability, can resist cold, alkali and low oxygen, has low requirements on the water body, can survive in various water bodies, has strong fertility, starts to lay eggs in two winter carp, and has large number of water bodies.
Fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio haemattoptrus) belongs biologically to the family of carp (cyprinudae), which is the largest of all fish species, exceeding 1400 fish species. Is a top-grade ornamental fish which is popular in the world and is known as a 'precious stone in water' or an 'artwork capable of swimming'. Because the water quality requirement is not high, the food is relatively miscellaneous and the propagation is easy, the water quality is praised and favored by people.
The brocade carp is also called original breed of Pycnopsis carpi, and is Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinus carpio). Red carp is a very popular ornamental fish in the Ming Dynasty. The reported fancy carp originates from Guangxi Longzhou fancy carp, Jiangxi Xingguan red carp and Zhejiang Hangzhou golden carp in China, is imported into Japan from China at an early stage, and is artificially bred by Japanese people for a long time, so that more than 100 varieties exist. According to the literature, the Japanese noble has the earliest to breed the fancy carp in a pool for appreciation, the civilians are not familiar with the fancy carp, the fancy carp is called as the cricyprinus carpio, the colored carp and the floristic carp at the beginning, and the fancy carp is changed after the world war II. In 1973, as a friendly emissary of people in the middle and two countries, Japanese Koi fell in the home in China. The 'carp flag' is also hung in the boy festival of Japan, which can indicate the love of Japanese people to fancy carps.
The fancy carp originates from China, is prosperous in Japan, returns to China again, and can be subjected to the process of export-marketing. Nowadays, koi is enjoyed by more and more people with unique beauty of yangming, so that koi is entitled with the reputation of "the king of an ornamental fish".
The fancy carp is a high-grade ornamental fish which is popular in the world and is named as ' a living jewel in water ' and an artwork capable of swimming '. It is popular with people because of its low requirement for water quality, relatively miscellaneous eating property and easy reproduction.
The fancy carp, the original place of which is in the medium-thin Asia, is handed to China, and the variety which meets the beauty of the public is screened by a Chinese ancient palace technician according to the method for cultivating the goldfish. Many elite varieties are bred in japan, and therefore many koi are named by japanese name. It is a Japanese fish known as "living fish in water" and "the king of ornamental fish". The fancy carp has the advantages of body building, gorgeous color, changeable patterns, natural swimming posture and extremely high ornamental and feeding values. The fish can be as long as 1-1.5 m, has extremely long service life, can live for 60-70 years (the 200-year-old fancy carps are handed over to each other), has auspicious connotation, can bring good luck to the master by hand, and is a favorite geomantic fish and an ornamental pet.
The fancy carp is an ornamental fish with high appreciation value, is a very large branch and has a plurality of different varieties. The body color of the fancy carp is very gorgeous and the body color is complex and changeable. The color patches are classified into a single color class, a double color class, and a triple color class. Wherein the authentic brocade carp is a red and white brocade carp, and has ruddy and fresh body color, white and white bright. Some fancy carps are pure, thick and oily in body color. For example, in the red-white category, the red-white color of the daylighting system has an orange red color band, which appears brighter; while the red and white spots of the blood system appear darker with thicker and darker red and white spots.
According to the body color of the fancy carp, the fancy carp is classified into red and white, big three-color, showa three-color, shinning, light yellow autumn green, gold, fancy skin carp, scales of honeysuckle, Danding top and the like. However, as a fancy carp, the body color is a very important point for appreciation. On the contrary, the quality of the body surface color becomes an important standard for appreciating the high-quality fancy carp.
The fancy carps are mild in nature, like group swimming, easy to raise and strong in water temperature adaptability. Can live in the environment with the water temperature of 5-30 ℃ and the temperature of 21-27 ℃ for growth. And (4) omnivorous property. The fancy carp has a large individual, the length of the fancy carp can reach 1 meter, and the fancy carp weighs more than 10 kilograms. Sexual maturity is 2-3 years old. Has long life, and the average life is about 70 years. Lay eggs in 4-5 months per year.
In conclusion, the existing fancy carp varieties have slow growth speed, can grow to about 30cm in the current year, and generally stop eating in 11 months.
Therefore, how to bring the characteristics of the Furui carp, such as fast growth speed, heavy weight and brilliant color of the fancy carp into play and obtaining the novel fancy carp with patterns by hybridization of the Furui carp and the fancy carp is an important means for expanding the novel fancy carp, and according to the knowledge of the applicant, no relevant report exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a new variety of koi by hybridizing the advantages of the fu rui carp and the koi.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a breeding method of a new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) parent selection;
the Cyprinus carpio is from 'Furui Cyprinus carpio No. 2' of freshwater fishery research center of Chinese aquatic product science research institute, and the Cyprinus carpio is selected from original excellent Cyprinus carpio from Japan;
2) parent breeding;
culturing male and female in separate ponds, controlling the water temperature to be about 25 ℃ during culture and controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L; the daily bait feeding amount is 2 percent, and the bait is fed once in the morning and at night; observing the feeding and activity states of the fancy carps every day;
3) breeding;
one group adopts fancy carps as female parents and Furui carps as male parents, and the other group adopts Furui carps as female parents and fancy carps as male parents; carefully observing the sexually mature parents, and carrying out artificial insemination on mature ova of the female fish and mature sperms of the male fish when the female fish and the male fish are completely mature; after insemination, putting fertilized eggs into an incubation net cage for incubation, wherein the incubation water adopts natural river I water; during the incubation period, the dissolved oxygen of the entity is above 5mg/L, the water temperature is 24 +/-1 ℃, the water quality is kept new, and the incubation time is about 5 days;
4) breeding offspring;
selecting offspring with patterns for breeding until sexual maturity;
5) and breeding by taking the filial generation koi as a parent until the koi meets the requirement of character design of a new variety.
The Rui carp is selected as a parent, wherein the Rui carp grows fast and has a large individual.
The Rui carp is a parent selected from 5-year-old fish with the individual weight of 10 kg and the body length of more than 80 cm.
The excellent Japanese Koi has pure blood system and stable heredity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention breaks through the traditional thinking and creatively applies the hybridization technology to the cultivation of the new brocade lithium variety. The invention carries out hybridization on two large carp varieties to obtain a new fancy carp variety with gorgeous color and rich patterns, and the obtained new fancy carp variety is subjected to breeding test, and the new hybridized variety has the characteristics of quick growth, large individual, gorgeous body color and rich patterns of the fancy carp and high ornamental value.
The invention relates to a method for breeding a new fancy carp variety with decorative patterns by hybridizing Furui carp and fancy carp. The new variety can grow to about 40cm in the same year, has strong low temperature resistance and can stop feeding in the last 11 days.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A breeding method of a new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp comprises the following steps:
1. parent selection;
the Furui carp is from the Furui carp No. 2 of the research center of freshwater fishery of the Chinese aquatic science institute, and has the characteristics of fast growth and large size. The fancy carp is selected from excellent Japanese-originated fancy carps, and has pure blood system and stable heredity.
2. Parent breeding;
culturing male and female in separate ponds, controlling the water temperature to be about 25 ℃ during culture and controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L; the daily bait feeding amount is 2 percent, and the bait is fed once in the morning and at night; the feeding and activity states of the fancy carp are observed every day.
3. Breeding;
one group adopts fancy carp as female parent and 5-year-old fish in growth period, the individual weight is 10 kg, the body length is more than 80 cm, the other group adopts Fu Rui carp as female parent and fancy carp as male parent.
Carefully observing the sexually mature parents, and carrying out artificial insemination on mature ova of the female fish and mature sperms of the male fish when the female fish and the male fish are completely mature; after insemination, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation net cage for incubation, wherein the incubation water adopts natural river I water. During the incubation period, the dissolved oxygen of the entity is above 5mg/L, the water temperature is 24 +/-1 ℃, the water quality is kept new, and the general incubation time is about 5 days.
4. Breeding offspring;
selecting the filial generation with the flower pattern for breeding until the sexual maturity.
5. And breeding by taking the filial generation koi as a parent until the koi meets the requirement of character design of a new variety.
Through breeding tests and third-generation breeding, the obtained new hybrid variety can grow to about 40cm in the same year, has strong low-temperature resistance, unique patterns and high ornamental value, has the advantages of gorgeous cyprinus carpio, quick growth of Furui cyprinus carpio and low-temperature resistance, has straight fish back, balanced fish body, stable and heavy swimming posture, strong body, correct cheek shape and mouth position, no deflection, full and non-sunken two ends, symmetrical and complete fins and good flexibility during swimming, has the characteristics of gorgeous body and rich patterns, has the ornamental value obviously higher than that of the cyprinus carpio japonica as a female parent, and has the selling price of one tail as high as more than ten thousand yuan.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (4)
1. A breeding method of a new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) parent selection;
the Cyprinus carpio is from 'Furui Cyprinus carpio No. 2' of freshwater fishery research center of Chinese aquatic product science research institute, and the Cyprinus carpio is selected from original excellent Cyprinus carpio from Japan;
2) parent breeding;
culturing male and female in separate ponds, controlling the water temperature to be 25 ℃ during culture and controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L; the daily bait feeding amount is 2 percent, and the bait is fed once in the morning and at night; observing the feeding and activity states of the fancy carps every day;
3) breeding;
one group adopts fancy carps as female parents and Furui carps as male parents, and the other group adopts Furui carps as female parents and fancy carps as male parents; carefully observing the sexually mature parents, and carrying out artificial insemination on mature ova of the female fish and mature sperms of the male fish when the female fish and the male fish are completely mature; after insemination, putting fertilized eggs into an incubation net cage for incubation, wherein the incubation water adopts natural river I water; during the incubation period, the dissolved oxygen of the entity is above 5mg/L, the water temperature is 24 +/-1 ℃, the water quality is kept new, and the incubation time is 5 days;
4) breeding offspring;
selecting offspring with patterns for breeding until sexual maturity;
5) and breeding by taking the filial generation koi as a parent until the koi meets the requirement of character design of a new variety.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said fu ri carp is selected as a parent which grows fast and is large.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said fu ri carp is selected from a group consisting of a 5-year-old fish, a 10 kg individual weight and a 80 cm or more body length as a parent.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said excellent Japanese Koi is phylogenetically pure and genetically stable.
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| CN201811546620.XA CN109526816B (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Breeding method of new hybrid variety of Furui carp and fancy carp |
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| CN109526816B true CN109526816B (en) | 2021-03-05 |
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| CN113068640A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-06 | 北京市水产科学研究所（国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心） | Breeding method of fancy carp strain with red skin and high coverage rate |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1182531A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1998-05-27 | 董文治 | Method for culture of colour crucian carp |
| CN101647417A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2010-02-17 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | High-intensity selecting and remaining method of good carp parents |
| CN102919174A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 湖南师范大学 | Carp and crucian carp hybridization fish breeding method and distant hybridization strain building method thereof |
| CN105284685A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 台江县国营水产养殖场 | Crossbreeding method for Qingshui river carps and Furui carps |
| CN105360035A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-02 | 天津市金水族水产养殖有限公司 | Ornamental carp breeding method |
-
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- 2018-12-18 CN CN201811546620.XA patent/CN109526816B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1182531A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1998-05-27 | 董文治 | Method for culture of colour crucian carp |
| CN101647417A (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2010-02-17 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | High-intensity selecting and remaining method of good carp parents |
| CN102919174A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 湖南师范大学 | Carp and crucian carp hybridization fish breeding method and distant hybridization strain building method thereof |
| CN105284685A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 台江县国营水产养殖场 | Crossbreeding method for Qingshui river carps and Furui carps |
| CN105360035A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-02 | 天津市金水族水产养殖有限公司 | Ornamental carp breeding method |
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