CN113424785A - Breeding method of multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain - Google Patents
Breeding method of multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain Download PDFInfo
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033822 gland development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000258161 Stichopus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012214 genetic breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of a multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: collecting a plurality of wild stichopus japonicus populations in Shandong coastal areas in 11 months, screening healthy individuals from the wild stichopus japonicus populations as basic populations, further screening individuals to participate in offspring seed breeding of the next generation through indoor overwintering ripening cultivation, and controlling the contribution rate of the individuals to the next generation populations through semen/ovum discharge time; after one-year indoor intermediate cultivation, screening large-size individuals with high growth speed, transferring the large-size individuals to an outdoor pond enclosure for isolated cultivation, and controlling the seed reserving rate within 5%; and in 11 months of the fourth year, screening the first filial generation of parent ginseng, and controlling the seed reservation rate within 5 percent. After two successive high-strength seed reserving selections in the same generation, the selection strength of each generation is controlled within 0.25%. Taking the cycle as the cycle, and obtaining the new stichopus japonicus line with the multi-thorn fast-growing character and stable heredity through continuous 4 generations of breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic product genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a rapid-growing stichopus japonicus strain with multiple thorns.
Background
Apostichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus), also called Apostichopus japonicus, is a typical temperate zone species which is mainly distributed in shallow sea areas along the coast of the Pacific Asia ocean with north latitude of 35-44 deg. The stichopus japonicus has the effects of tonifying kidney, benefiting essence, nourishing blood and the like, has extremely high nutritional value, and is one of important seafood in the north of China. Shallow sea and pond near Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong in China are main natural distribution areas and also main artificial culture areas of stichopus japonicus. The stichopus japonicus is taken as a traditional seafood in China, with the continuous rise of the demand of the consumer market, the yield and the culture scale of the stichopus japonicus in China are increased year by year, and the stichopus japonicus becomes a main mariculture object in the yellow Bohai area, and forms various culture modes such as shallow seabed sowing and proliferation, industrialized intensive culture, pond culture, suspension cage culture and the like. In addition, a stichopus japonicus industrial chain of a system of rough processed products, deep processed products and the like of the sea cucumbers is formed in the food and health care product industry, and great new kinetic energy is brought to fishermen for increasing income and developing high-valued fishery.
"the agriculture is prosperous and the breeding industry is advanced". According to the statistical data of '2020 Chinese fishery statistics yearbook', the sea cucumber yield in China in 2019 reaches 17.17 ten thousand tons, the culture area is 24.67 ten thousand hectares, and the sea cucumber culture area accounts for 12.38% of the sea water culture area in China. The prosperous and developing stichopus japonicus breeding industry also brings diversified and high-standard requirements for the production of high-quality stichopus japonicus offspring seeds. Facing the future, stichopus japonicus breeding improved variety is a necessary direction for industrial development, but the overall stichopus japonicus breeding in China still has the characteristic of low improved variety coverage rate. According to statistics, by 2020, the number of new aquatic species examined by national aquatic species and improved species examination committees in China is 229, but stichopus japonicus has only 6 new species, the ratio of the new species accounts for only 2.79%, and the breeding traits pay more attention to basic traits such as growth speed, survival rate and the like. Compared with breeding objects such as shrimps, crabs, fish and shellfish, the whole stichopus japonicus fine breed breeding work has the characteristics of single character and low high-valued character. The stichopus japonicus species industry is not only a foundation stone for sustainable development of the stichopus japonicus industry, but also a key breakthrough for realizing transformation and upgrading of the stichopus japonicus industry in the future. Therefore, the method has important significance for focusing the development direction and market demand of the stichopus japonicus industry, improving the technological innovation level of the stichopus japonicus breeding industry, accelerating the construction of technical systems such as fine variety breeding, fine variety breeding ecologization and the like of stichopus japonicus breeding.
Currently, most of stichopus japonicus products in the consumer market are dry products, the quality of the body wall and the appearance form are main factors for determining the unit price of the stichopus japonicus, and the stichopus japonicus is deeply favored by people in China as black, soft, glutinous and multi-thorn, wherein the multi-thorn is one of the most direct appearance indexes for measuring the quality of the stichopus japonicus. However, in the local stichopus japonicus population in China, the number of thorns of most stichopus japonicus individuals is low, so that the technical problem to be solved urgently is how to cultivate the new variety of the multi-stichopus japonicus based on the local stichopus japonicus population in China. The invention provides a solution and a method for breeding the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain by utilizing the biological diversity among stichopus japonicus individuals and the difference of the thorn number of the stichopus japonicus individuals, taking the multi-thorn as a main breeding target and taking the fast-growing as a secondary breeding target.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of breeding a new variety of the multi-thorn stichopus japonicus based on the indigenous stichopus japonicus in China, the invention aims to provide a breeding method of a multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain, and a new variety of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus with stable inheritance of composite characters is obtained by means of generative breeding, so that the quality and the economic benefit of the stichopus japonicus are improved.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain is realized by the following steps:
1) collecting one or more than two wild stichopus japonicus populations in three Chinese sea areas of Weihai, Taiwan and Qingdao in 11 months (all days 1-30 of the same month) in the first year, and selecting more than 300 healthy individuals (preferably 400-;
2) transferring the basic population to a parent ginseng cultivation workshop for overwintering ripening cultivation, and manually regulating and controlling to promote the synchronization of the female and male gland development of the parent ginseng;
3) in the second 4-5 months of the year, carrying out the second screening of parent participation before the emission of sperms/ova, removing individuals with the weight less than 300g, and participating in the breeding of the offspring seeds of the first filial generation;
4) stimulating the parent ginseng to emit essence/eggs under one or more treatment conditions of drying in the shade for 20-30min, flowing water for 15-20min or heating to 3-4 ℃ (heating at the base temperature of 15-16 ℃), sufficiently inflating to keep the dissolved oxygen content of the water body above 5mg/L (preferably 5-7 mg/L), and fishing out the parent ginseng by controlling the essence/egg emission time of each parent ginseng (namely timing from the beginning of the emission of a sexual product of the parent ginseng, discharging essence for 4-5min from male parent ginseng and ovulation for 9-10min from female parent ginseng), thereby controlling the contribution rate of the first generation to the biological diversity of the child group;
5) the offspring seeds of the first filial generation are cultivated indoors for 10-12 months, large-size individuals with high growth speed are screened and reserved, the intensity is controlled within 5 percent (preferably 3-4 percent), and the offspring seeds are transferred to a pond enclosure for isolated culture in the third 4-5 months;
6) screening the first filial generation seed-reserving parent ginseng from the pond by taking the weight of the individual as more than 200g (preferably 240-;
7) repeating the working steps 2) -6), performing successive breeding, continuously breeding more than 4 generations (preferably 5-6 generations), reaching the national declaration standard of new aquatic product varieties, and obtaining the new stichopus japonicus line with stable heredity and multi-thorn fast-growing character.
The healthy individuals with the number of thorns of more than 40 in the step 1) are the stichopus japonicus with 6 rows of thorns.
The purpose of promoting the synchronization of the development of the female gland and the male gland of the parent in the step 2) is to ensure that each parent has equal opportunity to participate in the reproduction of the next generation. The parent ginseng group is put in the same cultivation environment, artificial comprehensive regulation and control are carried out through the conditions of temperature (5-16 ℃), illumination (0-20lx), water quality environment (dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L, pH7.8-8.2, salinity 29-31), bait (parent ginseng mixed with bait) and the like, and the gonads are matured and synchronized through gradual temperature rise for 3-4 months.
The gonad development maturity standard in the step 3) is that after the randomly sampled parent ginseng is dissected, the male gonads are milky white, the branches are thick and plump, and the swing speed of the sperm of the microscopic examination original semen is high (the curve movement speed of the diluted 1000 times of the sperm is more than 90 mu m/s); the female gonad is orange or orange, the eggs are developed regularly by microscopic examination, and the egg diameters are all over 160 mu m.
The step 4) is sufficient aeration, so that the sperms and the eggs are timely dispersed and uniformly distributed in the water body, and have equal chances to participate in fertilization; the contribution rate of the sperm/egg discharge time of each parent ginseng to the biodiversity of the next generation is controlled by controlling the sperm/egg discharge time of each parent ginseng, namely, the sperm discharge time of a male individual is controlled to be 4-5 minutes, and the ovulation time of a female individual is controlled to be 9-10 minutes, so that the sperm and the egg with the best quality in each parent ginseng participate in the fertilization of the next generation, have the same contribution rate, and keep the next generation population to have higher genetic diversity.
And 5) screening large-size individuals with high growth speed, reserving seeds, controlling the selection intensity within 5%, and selecting the individuals with the maximum size and the number of the individuals lower than 5% in the population from the 1-year-old ginseng population.
And in the step 5), the screen mesh size of the enclosure transferred to the pond enclosure for isolated culture in the second 4-5 months is 30-40 meshes.
And 6) screening the first filial generation parent ginseng, wherein the selection intensity is controlled within 5%, and the selected individuals with the maximum specification and the number of the individuals of less than 5% in the population are selected from the 28-32 month old ginseng population.
The number of the parent ginseng individuals in the step 6) is more than 300, so that the genetic diversity of each generation is kept stable, and the risk of close propagation and germplasm degeneration is reduced.
Through the two seed reserving selections in the same generation in the steps 5) and 6), the selection intensity in each generation is controlled within 0.25%, and the high efficiency of the breeding effect is ensured. The selection strength is the percentage of the number of the individuals of a generation with the reserved seeds in the population of the generation.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the basic population for breeding the stichopus japonicus line is all from the coastal wild stichopus japonicus population in China, and potential risks possibly existing in exogenous gene pollution are avoided.
2. The invention not only reduces the risk of germplasm degeneration of the thorny line, but also ensures the high efficiency of breeding effect by ensuring the sufficient number (more than 300) of parent ginseng participating in propagation in each generation and higher selection strength (within 0.25%).
3. The application of the invention can obviously improve the thorn quantity and the growth speed of the stichopus japonicus population, and improve the quality and the economic benefit of the stichopus japonicus product.
The basic population of the invention is derived from the local wild stichopus japonicus population in China, and has no exogenous gene pollution risk; the breeding strain has high growth speed and a large number of thorns, is popular with breeding enterprises, and can be widely applied to coastal seawater ponds in northern China.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
1) Collecting wild stichopus japonicus in three sea areas of Weihai Rong, Penglai on tobacco platform and Qingdao, namely Memo in 11 months (1-30 days in the same month) in the first year, and selecting 420 healthy individuals (Rongcheng 120, Penglai 165 and Memo 135) stichopus japonicus with the weight of 200-;
2) transferring the basic population to a parent ginseng ripening cultivation workshop, controlling the temperature of a cultivation water body to be 8-15 ℃, and lighting to be 0-20LX (the stichopus japonicus belongs to benthic organisms and simulates the living environment of stichopus japonicus in a natural sea area, wherein the ripening cultivation of the parent ginseng is generally carried out under the condition of full black or weak light (the lighting intensity is lower than 20LX), which is beneficial to gonad development), feeding the parent ginseng of Weihai Yuyang biotechnology Limited with artificial matching bait for 1 time in the morning and evening, changing water for 1 time, keeping the dissolved oxygen of the water body to be 5-6mg/L, the pH value to be 7.9-8.1 and the salinity to be 29-30, regularly cleaning residual bait and excrement at the bottom of a pool, and promoting the development synchronization of female and male glands of the parent ginseng;
a heating mode: heating to 1 deg.C every 20 days, i.e. 11 months 10 days to 11 months 30 days, and maintaining the temperature of the culture water at 8-9 deg.C; 12 months and 1 to 20 days, and the temperature of the culture water is maintained at 9 to 10 ℃; maintaining the temperature of the culture water at 10-11 deg.C for 12-21-1-10 months; 1 month, 11 days to 31 days, and maintaining the temperature of the culture water at 11-12 ℃; 2 months and 1 day to 2 months and 20 days, and maintaining the temperature of the cultivation water at 12-13 ℃; 2, 21 days at month 2 to 3, 1 day at 13-14 deg.C; 3, 2 days in 3 months to 21 days in 3 months, and maintaining the temperature of the culture water at 14-15 ℃; after 3 months and 22 days, the temperature of the culture water is maintained at 15-16 ℃ until the sperm/egg is discharged after 4 months and 21 days.
3) In 20 days in 4 months of the second year, carrying out the second screening of parent participation before the emission of sperms/ova, selecting 340 healthy individuals with mature gonads and the weight of more than or equal to 300g, and participating in the breeding of offspring seeds of the first filial generation;
the gonad development maturity standard is that after dissecting a randomly sampled parent ginseng, the male gonads are milky white and the branches are thick and plump; the female gonad is orange or orange, the eggs are developed regularly under microscopic examination, and the egg diameters are all more than 160 mu m; removing individual individuals with the weight less than 300g, and enabling the other individuals to participate in the breeding of the offspring seeds of the first filial generation;
4) drying parent ginseng in the shade for 30min, washing, and adding 20m3In the spawning pond for filtering seawater, the water temperature is controlled at 19-21 ℃, and sufficient air is filled, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is kept above 5mg/L, and the produced sperms/ova are timely and uniformly distributed in the water body. Observing the discharge condition of each parent-male sex product at any time, controlling the semen discharge time of a male individual to be about 4-5 minutes, controlling the ovulation time of a female individual to be about 9-10 minutes, and then moving out of a spawning pond;
5) indoor intermediate cultivation of the offspring seeds of the first filial generation is carried out for 1 year, large-specification individuals with high growth speed are screened and reserved seeds (by weight) in months 4-5 of the third year, the selection strength is controlled to be 5 percent, namely 10000 individuals of the 1 st ginseng group with the maximum specification and the individual number of which accounts for less than 5 percent of the group are selected, and the individuals are transferred to a pond enclosure for isolated cultivation, wherein the size of the enclosure mesh is 30 meshes;
6) through the culture of 18 months in the pond, at the beginning of 11 months in the fourth year, the selection strength is controlled within 5 percent by taking the weight of 240 plus 300g of individuals and the number of thorns as standards, and the first filial generation seed-reserving parentage stichopus is screened, namely, the part of individuals with the maximum specification in the population of 2.5-year-old stichopus and the number of the individuals accounting for 4.1 percent of the population is selected, and 410 individuals are used as the first filial generation seed-reserving parentage stichopus in total to participate in the breeding of the second filial generation seed.
7) Repeating the working steps 2) -6), performing successive generation breeding, and obtaining a new stichopus japonicus line 5500 ten thousands of stichopus japonicus with stable multi-thorn fast-growing character heredity through continuous 4 generation breeding. Compared with the non-bred stichopus japonicus population, the individual proportion that the number of individual thorns in the fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain exceeds 40 reaches 92.9 percent, the growth speed is improved by 27.6 percent, and the breeding effect is obvious.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of a multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting one or more than two wild stichopus japonicus populations in three Chinese sea areas of Weihai, Taiwan and Qingdao in 11 months (all days 1-30 of the month) in the first year, and selecting more than 300 healthy individuals (preferably 400 + 600) with the individual weight of more than 200g (preferably 240 + 300g) and the thorn number of more than 40 (preferably 46-60) as a basic population;
2) transferring the basic population to a parent ginseng cultivation workshop for overwintering ripening cultivation, and manually regulating and controlling to promote the synchronization of the female and male gland development of the parent ginseng;
3) in the second 4-5 months of the year, carrying out the second screening of parent participation before the emission of sperms/ova, removing individuals with the weight less than 300g, and participating in the breeding of the offspring seeds of the first filial generation;
4) stimulating the parent ginseng to emit essence/eggs under one or more treatment conditions of drying in the shade for 20-30min, flowing water for 15-20min or heating to 3-4 ℃ (heating at the base temperature of 15-16 ℃), sufficiently inflating to keep the dissolved oxygen content of the water body above 5mg/L (preferably 5-7 mg/L), and fishing out the parent ginseng by controlling the essence/egg emission time of each parent ginseng (namely timing from the beginning of the emission of a sexual product of the parent ginseng, discharging essence for 4-5min from male parent ginseng and ovulation for 9-10min from female parent ginseng), thereby controlling the contribution rate of the first generation to the biological diversity of the child group;
5) the offspring seeds of the first filial generation are cultivated indoors for 10-12 months, large-size individuals with high growth speed are screened and reserved, the intensity is controlled within 5 percent (preferably 3-4 percent), and the offspring seeds are transferred to a pond enclosure for isolated culture in the third 4-5 months;
6) screening the first filial generation seed-reserving parent ginseng from the pond by taking the weight of the individual as more than 200g (preferably 240-;
7) repeating the working steps 2) -6), performing successive breeding, continuously breeding more than 4 generations (preferably 5-6 generations), reaching the national declaration standard of new aquatic product varieties, and obtaining the new stichopus japonicus line with stable heredity and multi-thorn fast-growing character.
2. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the healthy individuals with the number of thorns of more than 40 in the step 1) are the stichopus japonicus with 6 rows of thorns.
3. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the purpose of promoting the synchronization of the development of the female gland and the male gland of the parent in the step 2) is to ensure that each parent has equal opportunity to participate in the reproduction of the next generation;
putting the parent ginseng group in the same culture environment, carrying out artificial comprehensive regulation and control through conditions of temperature (5-16 ℃), illumination (0-20lx), water quality environment (dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L, pH7.8-8.2, salinity 29-31), bait (parent ginseng mixed with bait) and the like, and gradually raising the temperature for 3-4 months, (namely raising the temperature from a certain temperature of 5-9 ℃ for 1 ℃ every 15-20 days until the water temperature reaches 15-16 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature of 15-16 ℃ until sperm/egg is discharged), so that the gonads are mature and the aim of synchronization is achieved.
4. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the gonad development maturity standard in the step 3) is that after the randomly sampled parent ginseng is dissected, the male gonads are milky white, the branches are thick and plump, and the swing speed of the sperm of the microscopic examination original semen is high (the curve movement speed of the diluted 1000 times of the sperm is more than 90 mu m/s); the female gonad is orange or orange, the eggs are developed regularly by microscopic examination, and the egg diameters are all over 160 mu m.
5. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the step 4) is sufficient aeration, so that the sperms and the eggs are timely dispersed and uniformly distributed in the water body, and have equal chances to participate in fertilization; the contribution rate of the sperm/egg discharge time of each parent ginseng to the biodiversity of the next generation is controlled by controlling the sperm/egg discharge time of each parent ginseng, namely, the sperm discharge time of a male individual is controlled to be 4-5 minutes, and the ovulation time of a female individual is controlled to be 9-10 minutes, so that the sperm and the egg with the best quality in each parent ginseng participate in the fertilization of the next generation, have the same contribution rate, and keep the next generation population to have higher genetic diversity.
6. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and 5) screening large-size individuals with high growth speed, reserving seeds, and selecting the individuals with the maximum size and the number of the individuals of which the proportion in the population is less than 5% from the population of the 1-year-old ginseng, wherein the selection intensity is controlled within 5% (preferably 3-4%).
7. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and in the step 5), the screen mesh size of the enclosure transferred to the pond enclosure for isolated culture in the second 4-5 months is 30-40 meshes.
8. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and 6) screening the first filial generation parent ginseng, wherein the selection intensity is controlled within 5%, and the selected individuals with the maximum specification and the number of the individuals of less than 5% in the population are selected from the 28-32 month old ginseng population.
9. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the number of the parent ginseng individuals in the step 6) is more than 300, so that the genetic diversity of each generation is kept stable, and the risk of close propagation and germplasm degeneration is reduced.
10. The breeding method of the multi-thorn fast-growing stichopus japonicus line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
through the two seed reserving selections in the same generation in the steps 5) and 6), the selection intensity in each generation is controlled within 0.25%, and the high efficiency of the breeding effect is ensured. The selection strength is the percentage of the number of the individuals of a generation with the reserved seeds in the population of the generation.
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