LU503032B1 - Method for breeding prickly and fast-growing variety of apostichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Method for breeding prickly and fast-growing variety of apostichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001295 genetical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012214 genetic breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus, comprising: collecting a plurality of wild Apostichopus japonicus populations in coastal areas of Shandong province in November, selecting healthy individuals to form a basic population, further selecting individuals to participate in F1 seed breeding after indoor overwintering maturation promoting cultivation, and controlling contribution rate of the individuals to F1 population by sperm/ovum discharge time; after one year of indoor intermediate cultivation, selecting and transferring large-size individuals having a high growth rate to an outdoor enclosure in a pond for isolated breeding, with the fraction selected being controlled within 5%; selecting F1 parent Apostichopus japonicus in November of the fourth year, with the fraction selected being controlled within 5%; and conducting high-intensity seed selection successively for two time in the same generation, with the selection intensity of each generation being controlled within 0.25%. Repeating the above cycle, and after four successive generations of breeding, a new variety of Apostichopus japonicus with prickly and fast-growing traits and genetic stability is obtained. The basic population of the present invention is derived from Chinese native wild Apostichopus japonicus populations and has no risk of exogenous gene contamination; the variety bred has a fast growth rate and numerous thorns, which are welcomed by aquaculture enterprises and can be widely applied in seawater ponds in northern coastal areas of China.
Description
METHOD FOR BREEDING PRICKLY AND FAST-GROWING VARIETY OF 7505082
APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS
The present invention belongs to the field of aquatic genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of
Apostichopus japonicus.
Apostichopus japonicus is mainly distributed in shallow sea areas of Pacific coast in Asia between 35°N and 44°N. It is a typical temperate species. As one of the most important precious marine products in the north of China, Apostichopus japonicus has the functions such as invigorating kidney, benefiting essence and nourishing blood, and has a very high nutritional value. Shallow sea and ponds near Liaoning province,
Hebei province and Shandong province are the main natural distribution areas of
Apostichopus japonicus, and are also the main artificial breeding areas of
Apostichopus japonicus. As a traditional precious marine product in China, and with the increasing demand in consumer market, the yield as well as the proliferation and culture scales of Apostichopus japonicus have been increased year by year, and
Apostichopus japonicus has become a main mariculture object in the Yellow Sea and
Bohai Sea; in addition, various culture modes such as shallow sea bottom sowing proliferation, factory intensive culture, pond culture and hanging cage culture are formed. What's more, systematic Apostichopus japonicus industry chains such as those for roughly processed products and deep processed products of Apostichopus japonicus have been formed in food and health products industry, which has brought an enormous new impetus to the income increase of fishermen and the development of high-value fishery. "To achieve prosperity in farming, seed industry should be vitalized first".
According to 2020 China Fishery Statistical Yearbook, in 2019, the yield of
Apostichopus japonicus in China reached 171,700 tons, and the culture area was 246,700 hectares, accounting for 12.38% of the national mariculture area. The flourishing development of Apostichopus japonicus proliferation and culture industry has also brought diversified and high standard requirements for the production of high-quality Apostichopus japonicus seeds. In the future, Apostichopus japonicus culture with fine seeds is an inevitable direction for the development of the industry, but the Apostichopus japonicus culture industry in China is still characterized by a low coverage rate of fine seeds on the whole. According to statistics, by 2020, a total of 229 new aquatic varieties have been approved by the National Appraisal LU503032
Committee of Aquatic Protospecies and Improved Varieties, but there are only 6 new varieties of Apostichopus japonicus, accounting for only 2.79%, and the breeding traits mainly focus on basic traits such as growth rate and survival rate. Compared with the culture objects such as shrimp, crab, fish and shellfish, the selection of improved varieties of Apostichopus japonicus shows the characteristics of single trait and low rate of high-value traits on the whole. The Apostichopus japonicus seed industry is not only a cornerstone for the sustainable development of the Apostichopus japonicus industry, but also a key breakthrough to realize the transformation and upgrading of the Apostichopus japonicus industry in the future. Therefore, it is of great significance to focus on the development direction and market demand of the
Apostichopus japonicus industry, improve the technological innovation level of the
Apostichopus japonicus seed industry, and accelerate the construction of technological systems such as Apostichopus japonicus culture with fine seeds and ecological culture of fine seeds.
At present, most of the Apostichopus japonicus products in the consumer market are dry products, and the body wall quality and appearance are the main factors determining the unit price of Apostichopus japonicus. Apostichopus japonicus has always been favored by Chinese people for its black color, glutinous mouthfeel and prickly trait, among which the prickly trait is one of the most direct appearance indicators to measure the quality of Apostichopus japonicus. However, the number of thorns is small for most of the individuals in Chinese native Apostichopus japonicus populations. Therefore, how to cultivate a new variety of Apostichopus japonicus by taking Chinese native Apostichopus japonicus as a basic population is a technical problem to be solved urgently. The present invention makes use of the biodiversity and difference of number of thorns among the individuals of Apostichopus japonicus, takes the prickly trait as the main breeding objective and the rapid growth as the secondary breeding objective, and provides a solution and method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus.
In order to solve the technical problem of cultivating a new variety of
Apostichopus japonicus by taking Chinese native Apostichopus japonicus as a basic population, the present invention aims to provide a method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus, and obtain a new variety of
Apostichopus japonicus with prickly and fast-growing composite traits and genetic stability through multi-generation breeding, thus to improve the quality and economic benefits of Apostichopus japonicus. LU503032
To achieve the above purpose, the method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus is realized by the following steps: 1) Collecting one or more wild Apostichopus japonicus populations in three
Chinese sea areas, i.e, Weihai, Yantai and Qingdao of Shandong province, in
November of the first year (on any day from November 1st to 30th), selecting more than 300 (preferably 400-600) healthy individuals having a body weight of more than 200 g (preferably 240-300 g) and a thorn number of more than 40 (preferably 46-60) to form a basic population; 2) Transferring the basic population to a parent Apostichopus japonicus cultivation workshop for overwintering maturation promoting cultivation, and promoting the synchronous development of gonads of female and male parent
Apostichopus japonicus by artificial regulation and control; 3) Selecting parent Apostichopus japonicus again before sperm/ovum discharge in April-May of the second year, removing individuals having a body weight of less than 300 g, and using the remaining individuals for F1 seed breeding; 4) Using one or more of the treatment conditions of drying in shade for 20-30 min, running water for 15-20 min or raising the temperature by 3-4°C (based on a basic temperature of 15-16°C) to stimulate the parent Apostichopus japonicus to discharge sperms/ova, filling enough air to keep a dissolved oxygen content in water above 5 mg/L (preferably 5-7 mg/L), and controlling sperm/ovum discharge time (i.e., timing from the beginning of the discharge of sexual products from the parent
Apostichopus japonicus, and removing the parent Apostichopus japonicus from water after the male parent Apostichopus japonicus discharge sperms for 4-5 min and the female parent Apostichopus japonicus discharge ova for 9-10 min) to control contribution rate to the biodiversity of F1 population; 5) After 10-12 months of indoor intermediate cultivation of F1 seeds, selecting large-size individuals having a high growth rate as seeds, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%), and transferring the individuals to an enclosure in a pond for isolated breeding in April-May of the third year; 6) Selecting individuals having a body weight of more than 200 g (preferably 240-300 g) and a thorn number of more than 40 (preferably 46-60) from the enclosure in pond as F1 seed parent Apostichopus japonicus in November of the fourth year, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%) and the number of individuals selected as parent Apostichopus japonicus being controlled at more than 300 (preferably 400-800);
7) Repeating steps 2)-6), and conducting multi-generation breeding for more LU503032 than 4 consecutive generations (preferably 5-6 generations) to meet the national declaration standards for new varieties of aquatic products, thus obtaining a new variety of Apostichopus japonicus with prickly and fast-growing traits and genetic stability.
The healthy individuals having a thorn number of more than 40 in the step 1) are Apostichopus japonicus having six rows of thorns.
The purpose of promoting the synchronous development of gonads of female and male parent Apostichopus japonicus in the step 2) is to give each parent an equal chance to participate in the reproduction of a next generation, i.e, the parent
Apostichopus japonicus population is placed in the same breeding environment, artificial comprehensive regulation and control is conducted through the conditions such as temperature (5-16°C), light (0-20 Ix), water environment (with a dissolved oxygen content of 5-7 mg/L, a pH of 7.8-8.2 and a salinity of 29-31) and diet (formulated diet for parent Apostichopus japonicus), and the temperature is raised gradually in 3-4 months, thus making the gonad develop to maturity and achieving the purpose of synchronization.
The criteria for gonad maturity in the step 3) is that: after a randomly sampled parent Apostichopus japonicus is dissected, a male gonad is milky white and has thick and plump branches, and sperm swing speed is fast in original semen as examined by microscopy (curvilinear motion speed of sperms diluted by 1000 times is greater than 90 um/s); a female gonad is orange red or orange yellow, and ova are well-developed with a diameter of greater than 160 um as examined by microscopy.
The purpose of filling enough air in the step 4) is to make the sperms and the ova dispersed in time and distributed evenly in water, thus having an equal chance to participate in fertilization; the operation of "controlling sperm/ovum discharge time … to control contribution rate to the biodiversity of F1 population" is to control the sperm discharge time of male individuals at 4-5 min and the ova discharge time of female individuals at 9-10 min, thus to make the sperms and ova with the best quality in the body of each parent Apostichopus japonicus participate in the fertilization of the next generation and have the same contribution rate, and make a next generation population have a high genetic diversity.
The operation of "selecting large-size individuals having a high growth rate as seeds, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%)" in the step 5) is to select the individuals with the largest size and accounting for less than
5% of the population of 1-year old Apostichopus japonicus. 0505032
The enclosure used in the operation of "transferring the individuals to an enclosure in a pond for isolated breeding in April-May of the second year" in the step 5) has a mesh size of 30-40 meshes. 5 The operation of "selecting F1 parent Apostichopus japonicus, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5%" in the step 6) is to select the individuals with the largest size and accounting for less than 5% of the population of 28- to 32-month old Apostichopus japonicus.
The purpose of "the number of individuals selected as parent Apostichopus japonicus being controlled at more than 300" in the step 6) is to ensure that the genetic diversity remains stable in each generation and reduce the risk of inbreeding and genetical characterization decline.
After "conducting seed selection for two time in the same generation, with the selection intensity of each generation being controlled within 0.25%" in the steps 5) and 6), a high breeding efficiency is ensured; and the selection intensity is the percentage of the number of retained individuals of a generation in the population of the generation.
The present invention has the advantages and positive effects that: 1. The basic population for breeding the prickly variety of Apostichopus japonicus in the present invention is completely derived from wild Apostichopus japonicus populations in coastal areas of China, therefore the potential risk of exogenous gene contamination 1s avoided. 2. By ensuring a sufficient number (more than 300) and a high selection intensity (with 0.25%) of parent Apostichopus japonicus participating in breeding in each generation, the present invention not only reduces the risk of genetical characterization decline of the prickly variety, but also ensures a high breeding efficiency. 3. The application of the present invention can significantly increase the number of thorns and growth rate of a cultured Apostichopus japonicus population, and improve the product quality and economic benefits of Apostichopus japonicus.
The basic population of the present invention is derived from Chinese native wild Apostichopus japonicus populations and has no risk of exogenous gene contamination; the variety bred has a fast growth rate and numerous thorns, which are welcomed by aquaculture enterprises and can be widely applied in seawater ponds in northern coastal areas of China.
Detailed Description 0505032
The present invention will be further detailed below in combination with embodiments. 1) Collecting wild Apostichopus japonicus in three sea areas, i.e., Rongcheng city of Weihai, Penglai District of Yantai and Jimo District of Qingdao of Shandong province, in November of the first year (from November 1st to 30th), selecting 420 (120 from Rongcheng city, 165 from Penglai District and 135 from Jimo District) healthy individuals having a body weight of 200-300 g and a thorn number of 40-60 to form a basic population; 2) Transferring the basic population to a parent Apostichopus japonicus maturation promoting cultivation workshop, controlling the temperature of the cultivation water at 8-15°C and the light at 0-20 LX (Apostichopus japonicus is a benthic species; by simulating a natural living environment of Apostichopus japonicus, the maturation promoting cultivation of parent Apostichopus japonicus is generally conducted in the conditions of total darkness or weak light (the illumination intensity is less than 20 LX), which is favorable for the development of gonads), feeding artificial formulated diet for parent Apostichopus japonicus prepared by Weihai
Yuyang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. once and changing water once in each morning and evening, keeping a dissolved oxygen content in water of 5-6 mg/L, a pH of 7.9-8.1 and a salinity of 29-30, cleaning residual diet and feces at the bottom of the pond regularly, and promoting the synchronous development of gonads of female and male parent Apostichopus japonicus,
Raising the temperature as follows: raising the temperature by 1°C every 20 days or so, 1.e., keeping the cultivation water temperature at 8-9°C from November 10th to November 30th; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 9-10°C from
December 1st to 20th; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 10-11°C from
December 21st to January 10th; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 11-12°C from January 11th to 31st; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 12-13°C from
February 1st to February 20th; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 13-14°C from February 21st to March Ist; keeping the cultivation water temperature at 14-15°C from March 2nd to March 21st; and keeping the cultivation water temperature at 15-16°C after March 22nd, until sperm/ovum discharge on April 21st. 3) Selecting parent Apostichopus japonicus again before sperm/ovum discharge on April 20th of the second year, and selecting 340 healthy individuals having mature gonads and a body weight of greater than or equal to 300 g to participate in F1 seed breeding;
The criteria for gonad maturity is that: after a randomly sampled parent LU503032
Apostichopus japonicus is dissected, a male gonad is milky white and has thick and plump branches; a female gonad is orange red or orange yellow, and ova are well-developed with a diameter of greater than 160 um as examined by microscopy; removing individuals having a body weight of less than 300 g, and using the remaining individuals for F1 seed breeding; 4) Placing the parent Apostichopus japonicus in a cool and dry place to dry in shade for 30 min, rinsing thoroughly and placing the parent Apostichopus japonicus in a spawning pond with 20 m° of filtered seawater, keeping the water temperature at 19-21°C, filling enough air to keep a dissolved oxygen content in water above 5 mg/L, and making the discharged sperms/ova distributed evenly in time in water. Observing sexual product discharge condition of each parent Apostichopus japonicus at all times to control the sperm discharge time of male individuals at about 4-5 min and the ova discharge time of female individuals at about 9-10 min, and then removing the parent
Apostichopus japonicus from the spawning pond; 5) After one year of indoor intermediate cultivation of F1 seeds, selecting large-size (by weight) individuals having a high growth rate as seeds in April-May of the third year, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5%, i.e., selecting 10,000 individuals with the largest size and accounting for less than 5% of the population of 1-year old Apostichopus japonicus, and transferring the individuals to an enclosure having a mesh size of 30 meshes in the pond for isolated breeding; 6) After 18 months of breeding within the enclosure in the pond, selecting individuals having a body weight of 240-300 g and a thorn number of 46-60 as F1 seed parent Apostichopus japonicus in early November of the fourth year, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5%, i.e., selecting a total of 410 individuals with the largest size and accounting for 4.1% of the population of 2.5-year old
Apostichopus japonicus as F1 seed parent Apostichopus japonicus to participate in F2 seed breeding. 7) Repeating steps 2)-6), and conducting multi-generation breeding for more than 4 consecutive generations, thus obtaining 5,500 Apostichopus japonicus of a new variety with prickly and fast-growing traits and genetic stability. Compared with a population of Apostichopus japonicus not bred by the method, the proportion of individuals having more than 40 thorns in the fast-growing and prickly variety of
Apostichopus japonicus is 92.9%, and the growth rate is increased by 27.6%, showing a significant breeding effect.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus, comprising the following steps: 1) collecting one or more wild Apostichopus japonicus populations in three Chinese sea areas, i.e, Weihai, Yantai and Qingdao of Shandong province, in November of the first year (on any day from November 1st to 30th), selecting more than 300 (preferably 400-600) healthy individuals having a body weight of more than 200 g (preferably 240-300 g) and a thorn number of more than 40 (preferably 46-60) to form a basic population; 2) transferring the basic population to a parent Apostichopus japonicus cultivation workshop for overwintering maturation promoting cultivation, and promoting the synchronous development of gonads of female and male parent Apostichopus japonicus by artificial regulation and control; 3) selecting parent Apostichopus japonicus again before sperm/ovum discharge in April-May of the second year, removing individuals having a body weight of less than 300 g, and using the remaining individuals for F1 seed breeding; 4) using one or more of the treatment conditions of drying in shade for 20-30 min, running water for 15-20 min or raising the temperature by 3-4°C (based on a basic temperature of 15-16°C) to stimulate the parent Apostichopus japonicus to discharge sperms/ova, filling enough air to keep a dissolved oxygen content in water above 5 mg/L (preferably 5-7 mg/L), and controlling sperm/ovum discharge time (i.e., timing from the beginning of the discharge of sexual products from the parent Apostichopus japonicus, and removing the parent Apostichopus japonicus from water after the male parent Apostichopus japonicus discharge sperms for 4-5 min and the female parent Apostichopus japonicus discharge ova for 9-10 min) to control contribution rate to the biodiversity of F1 population; 5) after 10-12 months of indoor intermediate cultivation of F1 seeds, selecting large-size individuals having a high growth rate as seeds, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%), and transferring the individuals to an enclosure in a pond for isolated breeding in April-May of the third year; 6) selecting individuals having a body weight of more than 200 g (preferably 240-300 g) and a thorn number of more than 40 (preferably 46-60) from the enclosure in the pond as F1 seed parent Apostichopus japonicus in November of the fourth year, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%) and the number of individuals selected as parent Apostichopus japonicus being controlled at more than 300 (preferably 400-800); 0505032 7) repeating steps 2)-6), and conducting multi-generation breeding for more than 4 consecutive generations (preferably 5-6 generations) to meet the national declaration standards for new varieties of aquatic products, thus obtaining a new variety of Apostichopus japonicus with prickly and fast-growing traits and genetic stability.
2. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the healthy individuals having a thorn number of more than 40 in the step 1) are Apostichopus japonicus having six rows of thorns.
3. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the purpose of promoting the synchronous development of gonads of female and male parent Apostichopus japonicus in the step 2) is to give each parent an equal chance to participate in the reproduction of a next generation; the parent Apostichopus japonicus population is placed in the same breeding environment, artificial comprehensive regulation and control is conducted through the conditions such as temperature (5-16°C), light (0-20 Ix), water environment (with a dissolved oxygen content of 5-7 mg/L, a pH of 7.8-8.2 and a salinity of 29-31) and diet (formulated diet for parent Apostichopus japonicus), and the temperature is raised gradually in 3-4 months (ie, by starting from a temperature of 5-9°C, raising the temperature by 1°C every 15-20 days until the water temperature reaches 15-16°C, and maintaining the water temperature of 15-16°C until sperm/ovum discharge), thus making the gonads develop to maturity and achieving the purpose of synchronous development.
4. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the criteria for gonad maturity in the step 3) is that: after a randomly sampled parent Apostichopus japonicus is dissected, a male gonad is milky white and has thick and plump branches, and sperm swing speed 1s fast in original semen as examined by microscopy (curvilinear motion speed of sperms diluted by 1000 times is greater than 90 um/s); a female gonad is orange red or orange yellow, and ova are well-developed with a diameter of greater than 160 um as examined by microscopy.
5. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the purpose of filling enough air in the step 4) is to make the sperms and the ova dispersed in time and distributed evenly in water,
thus having an equal chance to participate in fertilization; the operation of "controlling LU503032 sperm/ovum discharge time ... to control contribution rate to the biodiversity of F1 population” is to control the sperm discharge time of male individuals at 4-5 min and the ova discharge time of female individuals at 9-10 min, thus to make the sperms and ova with the best quality in the body of each parent Apostichopus japonicus participate in the fertilization of the next generation and have the same contribution rate, and make a next generation population have a high genetic diversity.
6. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the operation of "selecting large-size individuals having a high growth rate as seeds, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5% (preferably 3%-4%)" in the step 5) is to select the individuals with the largest size and accounting for less than 5% of the population of 1-year old Apostichopus japonicus.
7. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure used in the operation of "transferring the individuals to an enclosure in a pond for isolated breeding in April-May of the second year" in the step 5) has a mesh size of 30-40 meshes.
8. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the operation of "selecting Fl parent Apostichopus japonicus, with the selection intensity being controlled within 5%" in the step 6) is to select the individuals with the largest size and accounting for less than 5% of the population of 28- to 32-month old Apostichopus japonicus.
9. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the purpose of "the number of individuals selected as parent Apostichopus japonicus being controlled at more than 300" in the step 6) is to ensure that the genetic diversity remains stable in each generation and reduce the risk of inbreeding and genetical characterization decline.
10. The method for breeding a prickly and fast-growing variety of Apostichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein after "conducting seed selection for two time in the same generation, with the selection intensity of each generation being controlled within 0.25%" in the steps 5) and 6), a high breeding efficiency is ensured; and the selection intensity is the percentage of the number of retained individuals of a generation in the population of the generation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| LU503032A LU503032B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2022-11-09 | Method for breeding prickly and fast-growing variety of apostichopus japonicus |
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| LU503032A LU503032B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2022-11-09 | Method for breeding prickly and fast-growing variety of apostichopus japonicus |
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