CN111493008B - Method for improving body color of indoor industrial cultured spotted maigre - Google Patents

Method for improving body color of indoor industrial cultured spotted maigre Download PDF

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CN111493008B
CN111493008B CN202010483977.9A CN202010483977A CN111493008B CN 111493008 B CN111493008 B CN 111493008B CN 202010483977 A CN202010483977 A CN 202010483977A CN 111493008 B CN111493008 B CN 111493008B
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yellow croaker
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CN111493008A (en
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刘莹
官曙光
于超勇
赵文溪
张伟
宋爱环
刘童
李绍彬
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Shandong Marine Biology Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法。为向工厂化养殖池内定时泼洒粒径为60～80μm的软泥颗粒至水体透明度低于25cm，然后投喂自然增色饵料并调整养殖密度，改变工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色。本发明通过向工厂化养殖池内定时泼洒粒径为60～80μm的软泥颗粒，使水体透明度低于25cm，低透明度的工厂化养殖水体环境模拟了野生黄姑鱼的自然生存环境，而软泥颗粒又可为黄姑鱼养殖提供天然营养；与此同时，通过投喂自然增色饵料及调整养殖密度，完善黄姑鱼工厂化原色养殖与管理技术，可实现黄姑鱼室内工厂化养殖体色的提升改良，并可有效提高黄姑鱼养殖成活率，进而提高工厂化黄姑鱼养殖经济效益。The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a method for improving and improving the body color of yellow croaker in indoor factory culture. In order to regularly sprinkle ooze particles with a particle size of 60-80 μm into the factory breeding pond until the water transparency is lower than 25cm, then feed the natural color-enhancing bait and adjust the breeding density to change the body color of the factory-farmed yellow croaker. In the invention, the ooze particles with a particle size of 60-80 μm are regularly sprinkled into the factory culture pond, so that the transparency of the water body is lower than 25cm. The pellets can also provide natural nutrition for the cultivation of yellow croaker; at the same time, by feeding natural color-enhancing bait and adjusting the breeding density, and improving the industrialized primary color breeding and management technology of yellow croaker, the body color of the indoor factory breeding of yellow croaker can be realized. It can effectively improve the survival rate of yellow croaker farming, and then improve the economic benefits of industrial yellow croaker farming.

Description

Method for improving body color of indoor industrial cultured spotted maigre
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the body color of indoor industrial cultured spotted maigre.
Background art:
nibea albiflora belongs to the family Sciaenidae and the genus Nibea, commonly known as Sargassu horneri, Scinidae and Nibea japonica, and is mainly distributed in China, Korean peninsula and southern Japan coastal areas, is offshore warm-temperature middle-lower layer economic fish, and has the survival water temperature of 6-34 ℃ and the suitable water temperature of 20-28 ℃. The spotted maigre has the characteristics of rapid growth, strong disease resistance, delicious meat, light feeding property, good environmental adaptability, strong stress resistance and the like, and is one of important economic fishes in China.
As the spotted maigre is used as the main economic fish in China, the related scholars have broken through the technical bottlenecks of artificial breeding, large-size fry breeding technology, breeding technology and the like. At present, the spotted maigre has a good culture foundation in China coastal areas, the culture areas are wide, and the benefits are remarkable. The main culture modes are land-based industrial culture and cage culture, wherein cage culture is mainly used in the south of Yangtze river, and land-based industrial culture is mainly used in the north of Yangtze river and the coastal region.
The body color of fishes is an important index for measuring the commodity value of the fishes, the market value of the fishes such as the groupers, the pseudobagrus fulvidraco and the like can be influenced by the abnormal expression of the body surface colors of the fishes, and as for industrial culture, the difference between the body color of the cultivated spotted maigre and the body color of wild spotted maigre in a natural sea area is obvious, and the body color of the industrially cultivated spotted maigre is not traditional yellow any more but white, so that the industrially cultivated spotted maigre is not accepted by the market, and the culture benefit is reduced. There are many factors affecting the body color of fish, wherein the external environment and the culture conditions are important factors affecting the body color of fish. Researches show that the color of the fish surrounding environment influences the final body color of the fish, and the body color of the fish approaches to the color of the surrounding environment, so that the body color of the fish can be effectively improved by adjusting the color of the water body environment; meanwhile, the ingredients in the feed also have obvious influence on the body color of the fish, for example, when the feed is fed with bait without pigment, the goldfish body can fade, when the feed without riboflavin is fed, the body color of the cobia can show black. Therefore, the bait ingredients are reasonably adjusted, and the body color of the fish can be improved.
At present, a plurality of patents (including publications) about the invention for improving the body color of fishes are provided, and most similar to the technical scheme of the patent is a combined type LED light source for factory culture for promoting the body color of the grouper to be reddened and an application (201610222836.5) thereof. The body color of the grouper is improved from two aspects of culture external environment and bait nutrition, and the improvement effect is good. However, the service object of the patent is grouper, and the changed external environment element is illumination, so that greater cost investment and reasonable danger control are required.
Other patents about fish body color improvement, such as a culture method (201811277317.4) for improving the body color of the yellow catfish, a large yellow croaker body color enhancer (ZL201210178803.7) and the like, all of which realize body color improvement by improving bait composition, and do not relate to the technical points of body color improvement and the like by changing the external culture environment.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the technical problems that under the high-density artificial culture environment, the body color of factory-cultured spotted maigre is changed from yellow to white under the influence of the culture environment and culture conditions, the difference between the body color characteristics of white spotted maigre and wild spotted maigre is large, the market acceptance degree is further reduced, the economic value is limited, and the economic benefit of farmers is reduced.
In order to solve the problems, the soft mud particles with the particle size of 60-80 microns are sprinkled into the industrial culture pond at regular time, so that the transparency of the water body is lower than 25cm, the natural living environment of wild spotted maigre is simulated in the low-transparency industrial culture water body environment, and the soft mud particles can provide natural nutrition for culture of the spotted maigre; meanwhile, the technology for factory primary color culture and management of the nibea albiflora is perfected by feeding natural color-increasing baits and adjusting culture density, the improvement of the indoor factory culture body color of the nibea albiflora can be realized, the culture survival rate of the nibea albiflora can be effectively improved, and further the economic benefit of factory nibea albiflora culture is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the body color of indoor factory-cultured spotted maigre comprises the steps of sprinkling soft mud particles with the particle size of 60-80 mu m to an factory-cultured pond regularly until the transparency of a water body is lower than 25cm, then feeding natural hyperchromic bait and adjusting culture density, and changing the body color of the factory-cultured spotted maigre.
The method is realized by simulating a specific water body environment, feeding color-enhancing natural bait and adjusting the cultivation density in an industrial nibea albiflora cultivation workshop. Soft mud particles with the particle size of 60-80 microns are sprinkled into the culture pond at regular time, so that the transparency of a water body in the industrial spotted maigre culture pond can be reduced, the natural living water environment of wild spotted maigre is simulated, and in addition, the industrial primary color culture and management technology of the spotted maigre is perfected from two aspects of bait feeding and culture density adjustment, and the indoor industrial culture body color of the spotted maigre is improved; meanwhile, the transparency of the water body in the factory nibea albiflora culture pond is reduced, the culture density is adjusted, the stress reaction of nibea albiflora can be effectively reduced, and the culture survival rate is improved. The method has obvious effect on improving the body color of the spotted maigre, can obviously reduce the body color difference between the cultured spotted maigre and the wild spotted maigre, effectively improves the culture survival rate of the spotted maigre, and further improves the economic benefit of industrial spotted maigre culture.
Further, the soft mud particle treatment step is as follows: collecting soft mud in an intertidal zone during the ebb tide, drying, and collecting soft mud particles with the particle size of 60-80 microns; and (4) carrying out high-temperature solarization and ultraviolet sterilization on the screened soft mud particles for later use.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: screening by using a screen with the aperture of 60 mu m, collecting screened sludge particles, screening the screened sludge particles by using a screen with the aperture of 80 mu m, and collecting non-screened sludge particles, wherein the particle size of the collected sludge particles is controlled to be 60-80 mu m; and placing the screened soft mud particles on a plastic film, and carrying out ultraviolet sterilization treatment after the soft mud particles are subjected to high-temperature solarization for 8 hours for 12 hours so as to ensure full disinfection and sterilization. The treated soft mud particles are ready to be thrown into a culture pond.
The color of the surrounding environment of the fishes influences the final body color of the fishes, the body color of the fishes approaches to the color of the surrounding environment, and the soft mud particles are regularly sprayed into the aquaculture water body, so that the turbidity degree of the effective water body can be increased, the color of the aquaculture water environment is yellow, the color is close to the natural living water environment of wild spotted maigre, the body color of the spotted maigre is further improved from the aspect of optimizing the external environment, and meanwhile, the soft mud particles can provide natural nutrition for the culture of the spotted maigre.
The particle size of the soft mud is set to be 60-80 microns, and mainly based on four considerations, firstly, the soft mud particles in the particle size range can be suspended in a water body due to negative charge, the particle size is too large, the soft mud particles can be deposited at the bottom of the water, and the particle size is too small, so that the turbidity degree and the color of the water body cannot be guaranteed; secondly, the soft mud particles in the particle size range cannot block a culture tail water treatment system and a circulating water culture system; thirdly, the screened intertidal zone soft mud can provide natural nutrition for culturing nibea albiflora; fourthly, the turbidity of the water body is improved, the stress reaction can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the culture is improved.
Further, the preparation of the factory culture pond comprises the following steps: adding water into the culture pond to the depth of 100cm, arranging inflatable stones inside the culture pond, configuring 2 inflatable stones per square, sprinkling 0.5kg of soft mud particles into the pond every 24h, and configuring a sufficient aerating device to enable the thrown soft mud to be fully and uniformly dispersed in the culture water body so as to enable the culture water body to be turbid.
Further, the steps of feeding natural hyperchromic bait and adjusting culture density are as follows: the seedlings with the total length of more than 5cm are treated according to the ratio of 100 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a culture pond, controlling the water temperature of the culture pond to be 24-26 ℃, controlling DO to be not less than 7.0mg/L and salinity to be 28-30, changing the water quantity in the culture pond to be 100%, and cleaning the bottom of the culture pond 1 time every day;
feeding natural color-increasing baits twice at fixed points every day at 9 am and 15 pm, wherein the natural color-increasing baits are proportioned as follows: the ratio of the frozen fresh shrimps to the compound feed is 0.2:1, the reason for adding the frozen fresh shrimps to the common compound feed is to utilize the astaxanthin in the shrimps to carry out color enhancement, and the feeding amount of the bait per time is 3-5% of the mass of the fish body.
The fish body color changing effect of the nutritional ingredients in the fish bait is obvious, the fish body color is adjusted by feeding frozen fresh shrimps and the like and utilizing natural color-increasing baits such as astaxanthin and the like which are rich in the frozen fresh shrimps, and meanwhile, the light transmittance is further reduced by adjusting the culture density, the indoor factory culture body color of the spotted maigre can be further improved, the stress response is reduced, and the culture survival rate is improved.
The external environment and the culture condition are important factors influencing the body color of the fish, and the combination of the splashing of the soft mud and the adjustment of bait feeding and culture density improves the body color of the nibea albiflora from the aspects of water environment, bait, culture density and the like, and breaks through the problem that the color of the indoor industrial culture body of the nibea albiflora is white; secondly, the double regulation and control of the water color and the culture management can reduce the stress reaction of the fish body and improve the culture survival rate; the technical method can effectively improve the economic benefit of industrial nibea albiflora culture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) effectively improving the body color of the factory-cultured nibea albiflora:
the method can effectively improve the body color of the factory-cultured spotted maigre, can obviously reduce the body color difference between the cultured spotted maigre and the wild spotted maigre, and further improves the economic benefit of the factory-cultured spotted maigre.
(2) Effectively increases the nutrition of the culture water body:
according to the method, the soft mud particles with the particle size of 60-80 microns are selected as the soft mud particles for adjusting the turbidity of the water body, and the nutrient elements rich in the soft mud in the intertidal zone can provide natural nutrition for culturing the spotted maigre.
(3) Effectively reducing the stress response of the factory-cultured nibea albiflora, improving the survival rate:
the method can effectively reduce the stress reaction of the fish body by reducing the transparency of the water body and adjusting the culture density, thereby improving the industrial culture survival rate of the nibea albiflora.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for improving the body color of indoor industrial cultured spotted maigre comprises the following specific steps:
(1) in 2018, in 5-7 months, when ebb tide, collecting mud in intertidal zones at cones along the sea, drying, screening by using a 250-mesh screen at first, collecting screened particles, screening screened mud particles by using a 200-mesh screen at later, and collecting the mud particles which are not screened. Placing the screened soft mud particles on a plastic film, carrying out ultraviolet sterilization treatment after the soft mud particles are subjected to high-temperature solarization for 8 hours, and treating for 12 hours for later use.
(2) Carrying out a color-increasing culture test on a certain culture farm in a sunshine market, preparing 6 industrial culture ponds in the culture farm, wherein the culture ponds are circular, the specification of the culture ponds is 4m, the water adding depth is 100cm, and 24 inflatable stones are distributed in the culture ponds, wherein 3 culture ponds are used as a test group, and 0.5kg of prepared soft mud particles are sprinkled into the pond every 24 hours by the test group, so that a culture water body is turbid; the other 3 culture ponds are used as a control group, and the control group does not carry out water body turbidity treatment.
(3) In 8 months early in 2018, 1300 large-size spotted maigre fries with the average total length of 5.27 +/-1.03 cm are placed in each culture pond, the water environmental conditions of 6 culture ponds are controlled to be 24-26 ℃ in water temperature, DO is not less than 7.0mg/L and salinity is 28-30, the water change amount in the culture ponds is controlled to be 100%, natural color-increasing baits are fed twice at fixed points at 9 am and 15 pm every day by a test group, and the ratio of the natural color-increasing baits is as follows: the ratio of the frozen fresh shrimps to the compound feed is 0.2:1, and the feeding amount of the bait per time is 3-5% of the mass of the fish body; and feeding the compound feed twice at fixed points at 9 am and 15 pm every day in the control group, wherein the feeding amount of the bait is 3-5% of the mass of the fish body each time.
At the end of 10 months in 2018, after culturing for 90 days, observing, measuring and statistically analyzing the body color improvement condition and the growth condition of the test group and the control group of spotted maigre, wherein the color increase rate is the proportion of the spotted maigre, and the result shows that: the color increasing rate of the contrast group of spotted maigre is 31.7 percent, the average total length is 14.92 +/-2.25 cm, and the survival rate is 83.5 percent; the test group spotted maigre has the color increasing rate of 82.6 percent, the average total length of 15.14 +/-1.98 cm and the survival rate of 95.3 percent; in the culture process, mutual residue phenomenon between the individual nibea albiflora is not found in a control group and a test group, the tail water treatment system and the circulating water culture system are normal in operation, and culture tests prove that the method has obvious effect on improving the indoor industrial culture body color of the nibea albiflora and has no adverse effect on the survival rate and growth of fish bodies.

Claims (5)

1.一种提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法，其特征在于：向工厂化养殖池内定时泼洒粒径为60～80μm的软泥颗粒至水体透明度低于25cm，然后投喂自然增色饵料并调整养殖密度，改变工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色；所述软泥颗粒处理步骤为：退潮时采集潮间带软泥，烘干，收集粒径在60～80μm之间的软泥颗粒；将筛选出的软泥颗粒经高温曝晒、紫外杀菌处理后备用。1. a method for improving and improving the body color of indoor factory farming yellow croaker, is characterized in that: in factory farming pond, regularly sprinkling particle size is the ooze particles of 60～80 μm to water body transparency lower than 25cm, then throws and feeds natural Add color to the bait and adjust the breeding density to change the body color of the industrially cultured yellow croaker; the ooze particle processing steps are: collecting ooze from the intertidal zone at low tide, drying, and collecting ooze with a particle size between 60 and 80 μm Granules; the selected ooze granules are subjected to high temperature exposure and ultraviolet sterilization treatment for use. 2.如权利要求1所述的提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法，其特征在于：工厂化养殖池的准备为：向养殖池中加水至深度100cm，养殖池内部布设充气石，每平方配置2个充气石，每个24h向水池中泼洒软泥颗粒0.5kg，配备足量的充气装置使投放的软泥充分均匀分散在养殖水体中，令养殖水体呈浑浊状。2. the method for improving the body color of indoor factory cultured yellow croaker as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation of factory culture pond is: add water to depth 100cm in the cultivating pond, and the inside of the culturing pond is arranged with aerated stones , Each square is equipped with 2 inflatable stones, each 24h sprinkles 0.5kg of ooze particles into the pool, and is equipped with a sufficient amount of inflatable devices to fully and evenly disperse the ooze in the aquaculture water, making the aquaculture water turbid. 3.如权利要求1所述的提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法，其特征在于：投喂自然增色饵料并调整养殖密度步骤具体为：3. the method for improving the body color of indoor factory cultured yellow croaker as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: throwing in and feeding natural color-enhancing bait and adjusting the breeding density step is specifically: 将全长为5cm以上的苗种按照100尾/m3投放至养殖池中，养殖池水温控制在24～26℃，DO≧7.0mg/L，盐度28～30，养殖池内换水量为100％，每日池底清污1次；每日定点投喂两次自然增色饵料。The seedlings with a total length of more than 5cm are put into the breeding pond according to 100 tails/m 3 . The water temperature of the breeding pond is controlled at 24-26 °C, DO≧7.0 mg/L, salinity 28-30, and the water exchange amount in the breeding pond is 100 %, the bottom of the pool is cleaned once a day; the natural color-enhancing bait is fed twice a day. 4.如权利要求3所述的提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法，其特征在于：每日定点投喂的时间为9时及15时。4. the method for improving the body color of indoor factory cultured yellow croaker as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the time of daily fixed-point feeding is 9 o'clock and 15 o'clock. 5.如权利要求3所述的提升改良室内工厂化养殖黄姑鱼体色的方法，其特征在于：自然增色饵料配比为：冻鲜虾与配合饲料比例为0.2:1，饵料每次投喂量为鱼体质量的3％～5％。5. the method for improving the body color of indoor factory cultured yellow croaker as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the ratio of natural color-enhancing bait is: the ratio of frozen fresh shrimp and compound feed is 0.2:1, and the bait is thrown every time. The feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the fish body mass.
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