CN100418413C - Method for improving variety of hard clam - Google Patents
Method for improving variety of hard clam Download PDFInfo
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- CN100418413C CN100418413C CNB200510050583XA CN200510050583A CN100418413C CN 100418413 C CN100418413 C CN 100418413C CN B200510050583X A CNB200510050583X A CN B200510050583XA CN 200510050583 A CN200510050583 A CN 200510050583A CN 100418413 C CN100418413 C CN 100418413C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method of improving clam breeds, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps that clams are selected from the same marine site or different marine sites, and clams with the same pattern or different patterns are bred temporarily; male and female individual parent clams with mature gonad are selected for hastening parturition; the situation that the individual parent clams discharge ova and sperms is observed, then a right quantity of ova and sperms is mixed fully to make impregnation after the parent clams discharge ova and sperms completely; zygotes are put into seawater for hatching and feeding, and then improved young clams are obtained. The method has the advantages that a crossbreeding new technique is used for improving clam breeds and culturing new kinds of clams; the characteristic that clams from different geographical groups are obviously different is used for crossbreeding clams from different marine sites, and simultaneously, clams with different patterns are crossbred so as to culture excellent breeds which have the advantages of high speed of growth, high survival rate, strong stress resistance and uniform patterns; the growth rate of the descendant of the crossbred clams is increased by 3 to 5 times than that of the descendant of the self-bred clams.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new technology in a kind of artificial breeding of seashells, especially relate to a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam.
Background technology
Clam (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) belongs to Mollusca, Bivalvia, Eulamellibranchia, Veneridae, Meretrix, is the coastal common a kind of important economic shellfish of China.Wherein near the Liaohe River mouth in Liaoning Province, the West Coast one band clam resource in the Yangjiang in the Bei Haiwan in coastal, the Guangxi of the Laizhou Wan of Shandong Province, South Jiangsu, Guangdong and Taiwan is particularly abundant.Clam fine and tender taste, nutritious, plain celebrated with " the first under heaven is bright ", and it is nutritious, every hectogram meat contains protein 13.9 grams, fat 0.8 gram, also containing the mineral matter of multiple needed by human such as easy each seed amino acid that absorbs of human body and vitamin and calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, once was the precious tribute in imperial palace sea during the Tang Dynasty.Clam is delicious meat, nutritious not only, and has very high dietotherapy medical value, and Compendium of Material Medica claims it to control " sore, furuncle poison, the long-pending piece that disappears, relieving alcoholism " waits disease.Recent studies shows again, and clam has clearing heat and promoting diuresis, reduces phlegm, the effect of dissipating bind, and liver cancer is had the obvious suppression effect, and diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, thyromegaly, scrofula are also had obvious curative effects.Edible clam has moisturizing viscera, only quenches one's thirst, and strengthening the spleen and stomach is controlled Akamu, increases emulsion and function such as antitumor.Except that eating raw, also can be processed into dry product and tinned food.The clam that lives all is the products of exporting goods and earning foreign currency with freezing bright clam meat.
As far back as fishing and hunting period, clam just begins to be adopted predation by the mankind and uses; According to the record of relevant document, the period Tang Dynasty as offerings; Along with the continuous growth of international market to the clam demand, the cultivating clam of China has already obtained developing rapidly.In recent years, the cultivating clam of the coastal each department of China already develops rapidly.Southern to the North Sea, Guangxi, north is to various places, Liaoning, and cultivating clam has become the pillar industry that rural area well-to-do level and modernization are quickened to realize in the coastal fishing zone of China.According to incompletely statistics, surplus national cultivating clam area has reached 14 ten thousand mu, about 60,000 tons of annual productions, export volume reaches 20,000 tons.Cultivating clam has greatly promoted the development of this industry with its less investment, instant effect, profitable, advantage such as technical management is convenient.But the required seed overwhelming majority of clam aquaculture catches wild seed from adopting.In the last few years, because factors such as overfishing and environmental deterioration cause clam natural resources amount seriously to reduce, clam nature seed resource is rich owed unstable, was seriously restricting the sound development of cultivating clam industry.For accelerating the recovery of natural resources, and the development of promotion cultivating clam industry, development " the extensive artificial breeding technique of clam " is imperative, but in the process of finishing the clam artificial breeding, the resistance that it is found that the clam juvenile mollusk is very poor, lethality is high, and having healthy and strong juvenile mollusk then is the prerequisite that cultivating clam already develops.So, how to utilize the modern biology technology to carry out breed improvement, the new varieties of cultivating strong stress resistance, fast growth have been the task of top priority.
Chinese patent application CN02133009.3 discloses a kind of clam and has grown seedlings and survive the winter and method is bred in the centre, this method to clam parent shellfish cultivate, clam kind shellfish lays eggs, hatch cultivation and juvenile mollusk is survived the winter, breed and proposed to bury the shellfish accelerating breeding method of dwelling, fundamentally solved the pond because of substrate pollution, the difficult problem of death by suffocation is caused in the latent husky back of bait feeding and juvenile mollusk because of a large amount of secreting mucus; This invention has also proposed with strong current the juvenile mollusk itself and the layer of sand purging method of depending on for existence in addition, thereby makes juvenile mollusk keep higher survival rate; This invention has also proposed to use during juvenile mollusk is cultured in the winter time winter that shrimp pond construction of platform is put net cage to survive the winter and has bred method, solved the northern area juvenile mollusk difficult problem of surviving the winter, make kind of the shellfish egg-laying period one month earlier, realized that clam lays eggs then to growing seedlings, the juvenile mollusk overwintering survival rate reaches 90%, and intermediate rearing reaches 69.6%, can reach 90 millimeters through cultivating into the clam diameter, weigh about 100 grams, this invention has been started new way for cultivating clam at north cold area.
But this method mainly is to improve the young shellfish survival rate of clam, still can not be from key issues such as basic solution clam juvenile mollusk growth rate and survival rates.
In addition, the surface of the clam of the coastal different waters of China difference is pattern, and the clam decorative pattern of Huang Bohai is more and beautiful, the clam color at the East Sea and the South Sea is single to have decorative pattern hardly, as shown in Figure 5, decorative pattern is just arranged, just do not have decorative pattern if take from Jiangsu if Zhejiang clam seedling is taken from Shandong.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam at above-mentioned prior art present situation, by improvement to variety of hard clam, cultivate the juvenile mollusk fast growth, the clam new varieties that survival rate is high, and cultivate the beautiful and consistent clam new varieties of decorative pattern.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: 1. select one group in following four groups of clam male and female parent shellfish individuality to carry out supporting temporarily: the dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of a, the North Sea, Guangxi and Nantong, shell is long on average greater than 25mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 23mm; The dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of b, Liaoning Panjin and Laizhou, Shandong, shell is long on average greater than 40mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 30mm; The shallow decorative pattern clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the dark decorative pattern clam of c, Nantong and Laizhou, Shandong, the long average out to of shell be greater than 34mm, the high average out to 31mm of shell; The clam of d, the shallow decorative pattern of the Huanghai Sea and seedling are taken from the Zhejiang clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the no decorative pattern in Jiangsu, and the long average out to of shell is greater than 40mm, the high average out to 30mm of shell; 2. the clam of gonadal maturation parent shellfish individuality was carried out dry in the shade stimulation at least 1 hour, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than the seawater of 25 ℃ of temperature, adopting heats up stimulates or the abductive approach of different in nature product impels the smart ovum of its output; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and be to utilize the crossbreeding new technology to improve variety of hard clam, utilize remarkable this feature of clam difference of different geographical populations, with the different geographical environments in each marine site clam hybridization, the juvenile mollusk fast growth of cultivating, survival rate height, strong stress resistance are the excellent strain of clam; As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the clam offspring growth rate of the clam offspring's of hybridization growth rate and same place clam selfing improves 3-5 doubly; Selecting the clam hybridization of different decorative patterns, is the hereditary separation characteristic according to the clam offspring, is that genetic marker is carried out breed improvement with the decorative pattern, can further filter out decorative pattern on all four good the clam new varieties and the new lines of offspring's shell.As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the decorative pattern of the clam offspring's of hybridization shell can be in full accord according to people's design, and the clam offspring's of selfing growth rate is relatively slow.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the clam offspring's of the present invention's hybridization growing state figure;
Fig. 2 is the clam offspring's of selfing growing state figure;
The decorative pattern picture of clam parent that Fig. 3 is used to hybridize for the present invention and the shell of filial generation;
Fig. 4 is the decorative pattern picture of the clam parent of selfing and self progeny's shell;
Fig. 5 is the clam parent's of various places the decorative pattern picture of shell.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the North Sea, Guangxi and Nantong to carry out supporting temporarily, shell is long on average greater than 25mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 23mm; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 1 hour, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than 27 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, and the abductive approach that adopting simultaneously heats up stimulates impels the smart ovum of its output; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Embodiment two: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the light dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality in the Huanghai Sea and the East Sea to carry out supporting temporarily, shell is long on average greater than 25mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 20mm; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 2 hours, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than 26 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, adopted the abductive approach of different in nature product to impel the smart ovum of its output simultaneously; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Embodiment three: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of Liaoning Panjin and Laizhou, Shandong to carry out supporting temporarily, shell is long on average greater than 40mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 30mm; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 1 hour 30 minutes, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than 25 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, and the abductive approach that adopting simultaneously heats up stimulates impels the smart ovum of its output; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Embodiment four: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the dark decorative pattern clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of shallow decorative pattern in the South Sea and Bo Hai to carry out supporting temporarily, the long average out to of shell is greater than 32mm, the high average out to 30mm of shell; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 1 hour 20 minutes, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than 29 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, adopted the abductive approach of different in nature product to impel the smart ovum of its output simultaneously; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.2. is genetic marker with the decorative pattern in step in, selects the male and female parent shellfish individuality of different decorative patterns and hastens parturition.
Embodiment five: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the Zhejiang clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the clam of the shallow decorative pattern of the Huanghai Sea and no decorative pattern that seedling is taken from Jiangsu to carry out supporting temporarily, the long average out to of shell is greater than 40mm, the high average out to 30mm of shell; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 2 hours 30 minutes, put it into then in the beaker that fills 30 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, and the abductive approach that adopting simultaneously heats up stimulates impels the smart ovum of its output; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Embodiment six: a kind of method that improves variety of hard clam, and it may further comprise the steps: 1. select the shallow decorative pattern clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the dark decorative pattern clam of Nantong and Laizhou, Shandong to carry out supporting temporarily, the long average out to of shell is greater than 34mm, the high average out to 31mm of shell; 2. the clam parent shellfish individuality with gonadal maturation carried out dry in the shade stimulation 3 hours, put it into then in the beaker that fills 29 ℃ of left and right sides seawater, adopted the abductive approach of different in nature product to impel the smart ovum of its output simultaneously; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Claims (1)
1. method that improves variety of hard clam, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: 1. select one group in following four groups of clam male and female parent shellfish individuality to carry out supporting temporarily: the dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of a, the North Sea, Guangxi and Nantong, shell is long on average greater than 25mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 23mm; The dark dapple close again clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of b, Liaoning Panjin and Laizhou, Shandong, shell is long on average greater than 40mm, and the shell height is on average greater than 30mm; The shallow decorative pattern clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the dark decorative pattern clam of c, Nantong and Laizhou, Shandong, the long average out to of shell be greater than 34mm, the high average out to 31mm of shell; The clam of d, the shallow decorative pattern of the Huanghai Sea and seedling are taken from the Zhejiang clam male and female parent shellfish individuality of the no decorative pattern in Jiangsu, and the long average out to of shell is greater than 40mm, the high average out to 30mm of shell; 2. the clam of gonadal maturation parent shellfish individuality was carried out dry in the shade stimulation at least 1 hour, put it into then in the beaker that fills greater than the seawater of 25 ℃ of temperature, adopting heats up stimulates or the abductive approach of different in nature product impels the smart ovum of its output; 3. observe close shellfish and discharge the situation of smart ovum, treat that close shellfish has been arranged smart ovum after, an amount of sperm and the abundant mixing of ovum are made its fertilization; 4. fertilized egg is put into seawater and hatch cultivation, the juvenile mollusk after obtaining improveing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510050583XA CN100418413C (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Method for improving variety of hard clam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510050583XA CN100418413C (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Method for improving variety of hard clam |
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| CN1732770A CN1732770A (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| CN100418413C true CN100418413C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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| CNB200510050583XA Expired - Fee Related CN100418413C (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Method for improving variety of hard clam |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101926293B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-09-18 | 浙江万里学院 | Breeding method of clam fast growth strain |
| CN101926292B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-01-09 | 浙江万里学院 | Method for breeding tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains |
| CN106804492B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2019-08-13 | 中国海洋大学 | The measurement method and application of one seed oyster parent's shellfish gonad maturity |
| CN114642191A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-06-21 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Method for hybridization between different bean hawkmoth geographic populations |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1397160A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-19 | 辽宁省海洋水产研究所 | Hybridization technique between different kinds of sea urchin |
| CN1180687C (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2004-12-22 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Selective cross breeding method of shellfishes |
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2005
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1180687C (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2004-12-22 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Selective cross breeding method of shellfishes |
| CN1397160A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-19 | 辽宁省海洋水产研究所 | Hybridization technique between different kinds of sea urchin |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 文蛤养殖现状及展望. 张安国等.《水产科学》，第24卷第2期. 2005 |
| 文蛤养殖现状及展望. 张安国等.《水产科学》，第24卷第2期. 2005 * |
| 海湾扇贝杂交家系与自交家系生长和存活的比较. 郑怀平等.《水产学报》，第28卷第3期. 2004 |
| 海湾扇贝杂交家系与自交家系生长和存活的比较. 郑怀平等.《水产学报》，第28卷第3期. 2004 * |
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