CN101926292B - Method for breeding tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains - Google Patents
Method for breeding tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains Download PDFInfo
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- CN101926292B CN101926292B CN2009101001585A CN200910100158A CN101926292B CN 101926292 B CN101926292 B CN 101926292B CN 2009101001585 A CN2009101001585 A CN 2009101001585A CN 200910100158 A CN200910100158 A CN 200910100158A CN 101926292 B CN101926292 B CN 101926292B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains. The new meretrix linnaeus strains with shell color character consistency are obtained in a flock-mate mode by using rare tiger-stripe shell color meretrix linnaeus mutants in the nature as a material. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a glandular mature tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus mutantas a seed shell, placing the meretrix linnaeus mutant in a sand spread cement pool for temporary culture, and feeding sufficient artificial fresh mixed algae solution into the cement pool to promote development and maturation of the gonad; taking a parent shell with full mature gonad, and hastening parturition by adopting a method of combining drying in the shade, running water stimulation and temperature rise; obtaining high-quality sperms and spawns, performing artificial insemination in the flock-mate mode, and obtaining first-generation tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus by conventional hatching and later culture; and finally obtaining the new tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains with a high proportion by continuous several generation phenotype strengthened selection. The method breeds the new meretrix linnaeus strains with typical and attractive shell color patterns, the growth speed of the new meretrix linnaeus strains is higher than that of the common shell color meretrix linnaeus, and the operating method is simple, convenient and feasible and has high popularization and application values.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of classical breeding technique of seashells, utilize some decorative pattern shell look of clam that principle than high heritability is arranged, by the Conventional herd breeding means, obtain to produce the clam new lines with higher economic worth.
Background technology
Clam (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) belongs to the eurythermic bivalve shellfish, coastal in China north and south all have a distribution, especially the river mouth beach affected by fresh water is the abundantest such as ground natural resourcess such as Liaoning Liaohe Estuary, Yellow River in Shandong Province mouth, entrance of Changjiang River, Jiangsu, Beibu Bay, guangxis.Clam is top grade in the clam, fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, nutritious, and beautifying face and moistering lotion arranged, moisten dirty invigorating the spleen, strengthen the health care such as muscle power and hypoglycemic, reducing blood lipid, anti-sudden change, the anti-ageing medical value of waiting for a long time, favored by a domestic and international person sponging on an aristocrat.Particularly in recent years, clam has greatly promoted the flourish of China's cultivating clam industry in Japan, high price and the demand of continuous rise on the Korea S market.At present, extensive cultivating clam is all arranged, remarkable in economical benefits on the Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province of China, Shandong Dongying, Jiangsu Rudong, Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province, Hepu of Guangxi and other places.
Since the seventies in last century, the multidigit geneticist proves that the shell look of shellfish is controlled by gene both at home and abroad.(1980) such as Innes etc. (1977), Newlirk have studied the hereditability of mussel shell look by hybridization, confirm that the mussel shell look is by simple gene control; Peignon etc. (1995) have studied the shell look decision mechanism of Ruditapes philippinarum, and have analyzed the genetic variation situation of shell look, shell face decorative pattern.In recent years, domesticly also the shell look proterties of multiple shellfish molecular biology mechanism research and seed selection work have been carried out, such as the bag of Chinese Marine University elected having brought out " Peng Lai is red " the scallop new varieties of shaking, the Zhang Guofan of the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has selected " middle section is red " bay scallop and " Chinese red " haliotis discus hannai Ino new lines, and (2005) such as the Yan Xiwu of Dalian aquatic product Academy have cultivated two Ruditapes philippinarum new lines " ocean is red " and " zebra clam ".
Clam shell chromatic variation is very large, is the good material of carrying out genetics research and the seed selection of shell look.Li Taiwu etc. (2006) to two in Jiangsu and Guangxi from different places the rDNA transcribed spacer (ITS2) of decorative pattern clam colony carried out pcr amplification and sequencing, find that variation has occured the ITS2 between different decorative pattern clam individualities in the colony of Jiangsu.Zhang Jianbin etc. (2005) analyze the decorative pattern shell chromatic variation situation of China 7 natural population clams in 4 sea areas, find that Shandong colony has more zigzag or sparrow pecked.Yet, yet there are no for the color patterned report that carries out the work of breeding of clam shell.The silver grain clam that the present invention cultivates is the color patterned new lines of first clam shell, and beautiful, the fast growth of its decorative pattern has higher economic worth.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of selection of tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains, the method is simple, is convenient to produce carry out on a large scale, and gained clam new lines proterties is stable, decorative pattern is beautiful, growth rate also faster than common shell look clam, is welcome by consumer and raiser quite.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of selection of tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains, it is characterized in that: the tiger spot decorative pattern that utilizes occurring in nature quantity rareness is material for the clam mutant of blackspot, cultivates by the flock-mate mode and obtains the consistent clam new lines of shell look proterties.
The present invention is undertaken by following operating technology flow process: in the clam breeding process, solve that kind of a shellfish selects, close shellfish is cultivated, hasten parturition, artificial insemination, hatching and the sport technique segments such as later stage cultivation and continuous subculture cultivation.
Kind of shellfish selects: take the higher Shandong Dongying colony of tiger spot decorative pattern clam mutant ratio as underlying group, from natural population or artificial breeding colony, strictly select the clear typical case of tiger spot decorative pattern, beautiful individuality work kind of the shellfish of color and luster, the general individuality in 3～4 ages of selecting the high 4～7cm of shell, selection intensity is below 5%.The close shellfish quantity of picking out should be many as far as possible, more than at least 60.
The parent shellfish is cultivated: place the cement pit that spreads sand to cultivate accelerating sexually matured silver grain clam, employing is through the nature seawater of sand filtration, water temperature keeps nature, every day, full dose was changed water once, the fresh Micro Algae algae liquid that mixes the various artificial cultivations of throwing something and feeding, gonadal maturation when reaching 1900～2000 ℃ of days to effective accumulated temperature.At this moment, sexual gland is full, hides whole visceral mass, and extends to sufficient base portion, and female is milky, and male is faint yellow, is difficult to differentiate male and female but visually observe.
Hasten parturition: the sampling vivisection, when observing sexual cell and reaching maturity, adopt dry in the shade, method that stimulation by running water and intensification combine carries out artificial induced spawning.Before hastening parturition, with the potassium permanganate sterilization, clear water is rinsed well, place the ventilation, dried in the shade night 6～8 hours, m seq stimulation by running water 30～40 minutes, then close shellfish is put into that the filtering sea higher 2～3 ℃ than natural temperature laid eggs, ejaculation, the water temperature of laying eggs is at 25～30 ℃.
Artificial insemination: examine the difference of close shellfish ejaculation, ovulation, female shellfish lays eggs and is graininess and scatters rapidly, and male shellfish ejaculation is smoke-like, and it is slower to scatter, accordingly with female, male shellfish separately.It is 2m that female shellfish is put into volume
3The fiberglass tank in lay eggs little inflation; Male shellfish is put in the interior ejaculation of Plastic Drum of 40L.Then in an amount of mixed semen being spilt in the fiberglass tank of female shellfish, mix with ovum.
Hatching and later stage cultivation: with conventional hatching m and later stage cultivating and managing, note suitable density, the bait of abundance and suitable illumination.Larvae and spat is 26～32 ℃ of water temperatures, and cultivate under the condition of salinity 15～30 pH7.8～8.5, throw something and feed fresh chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, and culture density is: trochophore is 7～8/mL, and D shape larva is 4～5/mL, and just having adhered to juvenile mollusk is 80～100/cm
2Through this cultivation, obtain first generation silver grain clam.
Subculture is cultivated continuously: utilize the previous generation individuality to do the parent, strengthen through the constant generations phenotype and select, finally obtain the silver grain clam new lines of ratio higher (more than 70%).
In addition, step 2) close shellfish artificial ripening adopts the nature seawater water temperature in cultivating, and also can accelerate gonad maturity by temperature-rising method gradually;
Step 2) the fresh Micro Algae that mixes the various artificial cultivations of throwing something and feeding in can comprise chrysophyceae, flat algae, diatom, chlorella;
Step 4) mixed semen that uses in should be from male shellfish more than 30.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: utilize the color patterned clam mutant of tiger spot shell of occurring in nature quantity rareness to be material, obtain shell look proterties typical case silver grain clam new lines by the flock-mate mode, the method is simple, carry out on a large scale on being convenient to produce, gained clam new lines proterties is stable, decorative pattern is beautiful, and growth rate is also faster than common shell look clam, welcome by consumer and raiser, have higher business promotion to be worth.
Description of drawings
The silver grain clam new lines outside drawing that Fig. 1 obtains through the seed selection of 3 generations for using the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of selection of tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains, its concrete steps are followed successively by:
1) close shellfish is originated: picked out beautiful 72 pieces of work kind of shellfishes of individuality of the clear typical case of silver grain, color and luster of black from more than 1600 pieces of clam Shandong Dongying artificial breeding colonies on June 12nd, 2004, close shellfish was 3～4 ages, the high 4～6cm of shell, and sexual gland is fuller.
2) incubation: place the cement pit artificial ripening that spreads sand about 20 days the clam kind shellfish of picking out.25～28 ℃ of water temperatures, every day, full dose was changed water once, mixed the fresh algae liquid of chrysophyceae, flat algae, diatom, chlorella of the sufficient artificial cultivation of throwing something and feeding.
3) hasten parturition and artificial insemination: July 2, random sampling was 3, vivisection microscopy sexual cell maturity, and ripe ovum is spherical in shape, light transmittance is consistent, and the mature sperm locomitivity is strong.The method that employing is dried in the shade, stimulation by running water and intensification combine is hastened parturition.It is 2m that female shellfish is put into volume
3The fiberglass tank in lay eggs little inflation; Male shellfish is put in the interior ejaculation of plastic box of 40L.Then an amount of mixed semen is spilt in the fiberglass tank of female shellfish, carry out artificial insemination.
4) hatching and later stage cultivation: with conventional hatching m and later stage cultivating and managing, note suitable density, the bait of abundance and suitable illumination.Through cultivation in 100 days, October 12, statistics obtained 87.5 ten thousand of the long 2.67～5.25mm clam children of shell shellfishes, and wherein the silver grain individuality accounts for 43.2%.
5) continuously subculture is cultivated: use the method, on June 28th, 2006 and carried out respectively the phenotype reinforcement selection of 2nd generation and the third generation on July 5th, 2008 obtained silver grain clam new lines, accounting for about 70% of typical tiger spot decorative pattern wherein arranged.
In addition, the growth comparative trial of third generation selected strain in 2008 is found tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains more common shell look clam (control group) fast growth, and the growth comparing result sees Table 1.
Growth comparative test result in table 1 tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains and 15 monthly ages of common shell look clam (control group)
Claims (5)
1. the selection of a tiger-stripe meretrix linnaeus strains is characterized in that: the tiger spot decorative pattern that utilizes occurring in nature quantity rareness is material for the clam mutant of blackspot, cultivates by the flock-mate mode and obtains the consistent clam new lines of shell look proterties.
2. selection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the flock-mate mode is cultivated concrete operation step and is:
(1) planting shellfish selects: take the higher Shandong Dongying colony of tiger spot decorative pattern clam mutant ratio as underlying group, from natural population or artificial breeding colony, strictly select the beautiful individuality of the clear typical case of tiger spot decorative pattern, color and luster of black and do kind of a shellfish, select 3～4 ages of the high 4～7cm of shell individual;
(2) close shellfish is cultivated: place the cement pit that spreads sand to cultivate accelerating sexually matured silver grain clam, adopt the nature seawater water temperature, every day, full dose was changed water once, mixed the fresh Micro Algae algae liquid of the various artificial cultivations of throwing something and feeding, gonadal maturation when reaching 1900～2000 ℃ of days to effective accumulated temperature;
(3) hasten parturition: when sampling anatomic observation sexual cell reaches maturity, the method that employing is dried in the shade, stimulation by running water and intensification combine is hastened parturition, be chosen in and dry in the shade 6～8 hours night, m seq stimulation by running water 30～40 minutes, then close shellfish is put into that the filtering sea higher 2～3 ℃ than natural temperature laid eggs, ejaculation, the water temperature of laying eggs is at 25～30 ℃;
(4) artificial insemination: observe the difference of close shellfish ejaculation, ovulation, in time separately female shellfish is put in the tank and lays eggs with female, male individual, and male shellfish places ejaculation in the case, is sprinkled into mixed semen in the tank and stirs, and ovum fully is fertilized, little inflation;
(5) hatching and larval culture: through routine hatching and larval culture, obtain first generation silver grain clam;
(6) subculture is cultivated continuously: strengthen through continuous 3～4 representative types and select the silver grain clam new lines that the ratio that finally obtains is higher.
3. according to selection claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: adopt natural temperature in the step (2), perhaps accelerate gonad maturity by the method that heats up gradually.
4. according to selection claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the fresh Micro Algae that mixes the various artificial cultivations of throwing something and feeding in the step (2) comprises chrysophyceae, flat algae, diatom, chlorella or Chaetoceros.
5. according to selection claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the mixed semen that uses in the step (4) should be from male shellfish more than 30.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1732770A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2006-02-15 | 宁波大学 | Method for improving variety of hard clam |
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| CN1732770A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2006-02-15 | 宁波大学 | Method for improving variety of hard clam |
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| 李太武 等.文蛤花纹的形态及形成观察.《动物学杂志》.2008,第43卷(第6期),83－87. * |
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