CN109511483B - Interplanting method of dendrobium - Google Patents

Interplanting method of dendrobium Download PDF

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CN109511483B
CN109511483B CN201811541864.9A CN201811541864A CN109511483B CN 109511483 B CN109511483 B CN 109511483B CN 201811541864 A CN201811541864 A CN 201811541864A CN 109511483 B CN109511483 B CN 109511483B
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interplanting
planting
dendrobium
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CN109511483A (en
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李玉萍
戴好富
蔡彩虹
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Hainan Shiboli Biotechnology Co ltd
Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Hainan Shiboli Biotechnology Co ltd
Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi

Abstract

The invention provides a dendrobium stem interplanting method which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a plantation; (2) planting; (3) first interplanting; (4) interplanting for the second time; (5) managing; (6) and (6) harvesting. The biological characteristics of the plants are utilized to compound the plants, the survival rate of the plants is high, the growth yield is high, the utilization rate of soil is effectively utilized, and the production cost of the plants is reduced.

Description

Interplanting method of dendrobium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a dendrobium stem interplanting method.
Background
The dendrobium is a general name of dendrobium plants in the orchid family, is perennial herbaceous plants, is attached to trunks or damp rocks in tropical or subtropical forests, is a certain variety of rare Chinese medicinal materials in China, is named as a maple bucket, and at present, the production and cultivation of ornamental dendrobium plants in China are increased year by year, the artificial large-scale cultivation of medicinal dendrobium is gradually increased, the demand is gradually increased, so that the market supply and demand gap is large, and the increasing demand of the market is difficult to meet.
The dendrobe has the functions of enhancing immunity, resisting tumors and delaying aging, and the dendrobine has certain functions of relieving pain and reducing fever. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly used for treating or assisting in treating chronic pharyngitis, gastrointestinal diseases, ophthalmic diseases, thrombotic occlusive diseases, diabetes, arthritis and cancers clinically; the moringa tree is high in calcium, protein, fiber and lipid, and has the effects of enhancing physical strength, treating anemia, inhibiting bacteria, expelling parasites and the like; fructus Alpinae Oxyphyllae contains volatile oil, fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae ketone, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, various amino acids, fatty acids, etc.; the clinacanthus nutans whole plant is used as a medicine, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, dissipating blood stasis and eliminating swelling, diminishing inflammation and alleviating hangover, preventing cancer and resisting cancer and the like, can improve the blood flow state of the whole body, enhance the myocardial contractility and improve the blood pressure, contains rich protein, has extremely high nutritive value, and has good treatment effect on various cancers. The beautiful millettia root has sweet and fragrant smell and mild property, has the effects of tonifying yang, nourishing kidney and tonifying deficiency, strengthening tendons and activating collaterals, calming liver and moistening lung, and is suitable for treating kidney deficiency, blood and qi deficiency and rheumatic bone pain; the galangal has a plurality of chemical active components and has the functions of warming spleen and stomach, dispelling wind cold, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain and the like.
The growth of the plants is limited by seasons, when the illumination and the temperature are insufficient, the insufficient accumulated temperature of continuous cropping can be effectively supplemented by adopting intercropping, the multiple cropping index is improved, natural resources such as light, heat, water, gas, soil and the like in different time and space can be fully utilized, more and better products are produced, the yield per unit area and the economic benefit are improved, scientific intercropping is realized, reasonable scientific complementary cultivation is realized, the mutual promotion is realized, the later-stage growth and the exertion of the edge row advantages are promoted, and the occurrence of field weeds and other plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
Dendrobe, peppery wood, benefit intelligence, careless grass, beautiful millettia root, galangal are the medicinal materials that this soil is common, and its demand is great, and on planting, if cultivate alone, the occupation of land and fertilizer resource that need be great, and dendrobe the medicinal material of liking yin, and peppery wood, benefit intelligence, careless grass of clinacanthus root, beautiful millettia root, galangal are the medicinal material of liking yang, according to the characteristic that the medicinal material was regarded as, provide one kind and carry out the technique of rational distribution interplanting for the survival rate and the output of each medicinal material are great.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides an interplanting method of dendrobium, and provides a planting method with high production efficiency and high survival rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the dendrobium interplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: selecting a volcanic forest as a plantation, arranging a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix above the surface of the plantation, and sterilizing and leveling the volcanic stone layer;
(2) planting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) making a volcanic stone layer into furrows and ridges, wherein each ridge is 100-120 cm wide, each furrow is 20-30 cm wide, planting holes are made in the ridges, dendrobium seedlings are planted in the planting holes, soil is covered, the planting distance of the dendrobium seedlings is 20-40 cm, and the row spacing is 30-50 cm;
(3) first interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are sequentially and longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium, the plant distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 20-30 cm, the transverse distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 50-80 cm, and Clinacanthus nutans is longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 5-6 months of planting, and the plant distance between the Clinacanthus nutans is 30-40 cm;
(4) and (3) interplanting for the second time: after 5-6 months of first interplanting planting, planting alpinia galanga and alpinia oxyphylla on two sides of clinacanthus nutans respectively, wherein plant spacing is 20-30 cm;
(5) management: after transplanting and interplanting for 1-2 months, watering and applying fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting after interplanting for 4-8 months, and harvesting once every 8-12 months.
Preferably, in the step (1), the shading degree of the plantation is 35% -45%, and the humidity is 60% -70%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the vesuvianite filled with the planting matrix in the gap is 30-50 mm.
Preferably, the planting substrate is peanut drum, peat soil and a nutrient regulator, and the nutrient regulator is at least one of urea, compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (2), the depth of the planting hole is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), alpinia oxyphylla and galangal are planted at both sides of clinacanthus nutans in a spaced longitudinal arrangement.
Preferably, in the step (5), the soil is hilled for 2 times every 6-8 months, the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 5-7: 3 to 5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the dendrobium loving yin and the moringa oleifera, the beautiful millettia root, the clinacanthus nutans, the alpinia galanga which are loving yang are used for interplanting and planting, and the dendrobium loddigesii is planted according to a certain specification in a planting mode, wherein the yang plants are appropriately shielded by the yin plants, and the ventilation and the nutrition conditions are good, so that the dendrobium loddigesii grows well in a growth cycle; interplanting is carried out according to the growth cycle of the plants, the light and heat of the soil are fully utilized, and the yield of the plants in unit area is improved; firstly planting moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root, secondly planting clinacanthus nutans, and finally planting alpinia oxyphylla and galangal, wherein the growth cycle of the moringa oleifera and the clinacanthus nutans is fast, the dendrobium can be shaded in space, and after the mature stem plant of the dendrobium is collected, other stem plants continue to grow, so that the growth rate of the dendrobium is high; by utilizing the plant height of the plants and the interplanting planting mode, the characteristics of preferring yin and preferring yang of the plants are met, and the growth rate of the plants is high.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are provided below for further explanation.
Example 1
The dendrobium interplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a volcanic forest as a plantation, arranging a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix above the surface of the plantation, wherein the particle size of the volcanic stone is 30mm, sterilizing and leveling the volcanic stone layer, the shading degree of the plantation is 35% and the humidity is 60%, the planting matrix comprises peanut drums, peat soil and a nutrient element regulator, and the nutrient element regulator is a phosphate fertilizer.
(2) Planting: and (3) making furrows and ridges on the volcanic stone layer, wherein each ridge is 100cm in width and 20cm in width, making planting holes on the ridges, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes, wherein the depth of the planting holes is 10cm, the soil is covered, the plant spacing of the dendrobium seedlings is 20cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm.
(3) First interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium in sequence, the plant spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 20cm, the transverse spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 50cm, and Clinacanthus nutans are longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 5 months of planting.
(4) And (3) interplanting for the second time: after 5 months of first interplanting planting, the alpinia oxyphylla and the galangal are longitudinally arranged at intervals and respectively planted on two sides of clinacanthus nutans, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.
(5) Management: after transplanting and interplanting for 1 month, watering and topdressing 10 kg/mu of fertilizer, and ridging for 2 times every 6 months, wherein the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 5: 3.
(6) harvesting: and harvesting after interplanting for 4 months, and harvesting every 8 months.
Example 2
The dendrobium interplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a volcanic forest as a plantation, arranging a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix above the surface of the plantation, wherein the particle size of the volcanic stone is 50mm, sterilizing and leveling the volcanic stone layer, the shading degree of the plantation is 45% and the humidity is 70%, the planting matrix comprises peanut drums, peat soil and a nutrient element regulator, and the nutrient element regulator is a compound fertilizer.
(2) Planting: and (3) making furrows and ridges on the volcanic stone layer, wherein each ridge is 120cm wide and 30cm wide, making planting holes on the ridges, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes, wherein the depth of the planting holes is 15cm, the soil is covered, the plant spacing of the dendrobium seedlings is 40cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm.
(3) First interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium in sequence, the plant distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 30cm, the transverse distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 80cm, and Clinacanthus nutans are longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 6 months of planting.
(4) And (3) interplanting for the second time: after 6 months of first interplanting planting, the alpinia galanga and the alpinia oxyphylla are longitudinally arranged at intervals and respectively planted on two sides of clinacanthus nutans, and plant spacing is 30 cm.
(5) Management: after transplanting and interplanting for 2 months, watering and topdressing 15 kg/mu of fertilizer, and ridging for 2 times every 8 months, wherein the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 7: 5.
(6) harvesting: and harvesting after 8 months of interplanting, and harvesting every 12 months later.
Example 3
The dendrobium interplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a volcanic forest as a plantation, arranging a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix above the surface of the plantation, wherein the particle size of the volcanic stone layer is 35mm, sterilizing and leveling the volcanic stone layer, the shading degree of the plantation is 38% and the humidity is 68%, the planting matrix comprises peanut drums, peat soil and a nutrient element regulator, and the nutrient element regulator comprises urea and phosphate fertilizer.
(2) Planting: and (3) making furrows and ridges on the volcanic stone layer, wherein each ridge is 115cm in width and 25cm in width, making planting holes on the ridges, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes, wherein the depth of the planting holes is 12cm, the soil is covered, the plant spacing of the dendrobium seedlings is 25cm, and the row spacing is 35 cm.
(3) First interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium in sequence, the plant spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 25cm, the transverse spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 65cm, and Clinacanthus nutans are longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 5 months of planting.
(4) And (3) interplanting for the second time: after 5 months of first interplanting planting, the alpinia oxyphylla and the galangal are longitudinally arranged at intervals and respectively planted on two sides of clinacanthus nutans, and the plant spacing is 25 cm.
(5) Management: after transplanting and interplanting for 1 month, watering and topdressing 15 kg/mu of fertilizer, and ridging for 2 times every 8 months, wherein the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 6: 5.
(6) harvesting: and harvesting after interplanting for 5 months, and harvesting every 10 months.
Example 4
The dendrobium interplanting method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: the method is characterized in that a volcanic forest is selected as a plantation, a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix is arranged above the surface of the plantation, the particle size of the volcanic stone is 40mm, the volcanic stone layer is sterilized and leveled, the shading degree of the plantation is 40% and the humidity is 65%, the planting matrix is peanut drums, peat soil and a nutrient element regulator, and the nutrient element regulator is a compound fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
(2) Planting: and (3) making furrows and ridges on the volcanic stone layer, wherein each ridge is 110cm in width and 25cm in width, making planting holes on the ridges, and planting the dendrobium seedlings in the planting holes, wherein the depth of the planting holes is 12cm, the soil is covered, the plant spacing of the dendrobium seedlings is 30cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm.
(3) First interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium in sequence, the plant spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 25cm, the transverse spacing of the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 70cm, and Clinacanthus nutans are longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 6 months of planting.
(4) And (3) interplanting for the second time: after 6 months of first interplanting planting, the alpinia galanga and the alpinia oxyphylla are longitudinally arranged at intervals and respectively planted on two sides of the clinacanthus nutans, and the plant spacing is 25 cm.
(5) Management: after transplanting and interplanting for 1 month, watering and topdressing 15 kg/mu of fertilizer, and ridging for 2 times every 8 months, wherein the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 7: 4.
(6) harvesting: and harvesting after interplanting for 5 months, and harvesting every 12 months.
The transplanting time of the dendrobium is 2-3 months or 9-11 months per year, and the dendrobium is transplanted in March of spring, the climate rises again, and conditions such as temperature, humidity, sunshine, rainwater and the like are favorable for stimulating axillary buds at the base of the dendrobium stem to rapidly germinate, and the dendrobium is a negative plant with the growth period of 1-3 years; the growth cycle of the moringa oleifera is 6-10 months, the growth cycle of the beautiful millettia root is 2-3 years, the growth cycle of the clinacanthus nutans is 3-9 months, the growth cycle of the alpinia galanga is 2-3 years, and the growth cycle of the galangal is 7-10 months.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, the following experiments were further performed:
control group 1
The comparison example differs from example 4 in that: the second interplanting was not performed.
Control group 2
The comparison example differs from example 4 in that: and (4) planting alone without first interplanting and second interplanting.
Control group 3
The comparison example differs from example 4 in that: the planting substrate does not contain the volcanic rock layer and the planting substrate.
The influence of the planting method of each test group and the control group on the survival rate of dendrobium, moringa oleifera, alpinia oxyphylla, clinacanthus nutans, beautiful millettia roots and galangal in the 3-year yield is accumulated:
Figure BDA0001908319580000071
from the table, the survival rate of each plant is 100%, the utilization of the interplanting method enables the growth rate of the medicinal materials to be high, and the yield of each plant per mu of land in harvesting and storage within three years is high. The survival rate and the yield of the dendrobium are influenced by the interplanted plants, the survival rate and the yield of the dendrobium in the control group 2 are lower than those of the control groups 1 and 3, and the moringa oleifera has stronger resistance to various plant diseases and insect pests, so that the yield of medicinal materials in a unit area is increased by the interplanting modes of the plants, and the growth rate of each plant is higher by utilizing the characteristics, the growth period and the characteristic of preference for yin and yang of the medicinal materials.
In conclusion, according to the interplanting method of the dendrobium provided by the invention, the dendrobium loving yin and the moringa oleifera, beautiful millettia roots, clinacanthus nutans, alpinia galanga are subjected to interplanting planting according to a certain specification, the positive plants are appropriately shielded by the negative plants, the ventilation and the nutritional conditions are good, and the dendrobium loddigesii grows well in the growth cycle; interplanting is carried out according to the growth cycle of the plants, the light and heat of the soil are fully utilized, and the yield of the plants in unit area is improved; firstly planting moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root, secondly planting clinacanthus nutans, and finally planting alpinia oxyphylla and galangal, wherein the growth cycle of the moringa oleifera and the clinacanthus nutans is fast, the dendrobium can be shaded in space, and after the mature stem plant of the dendrobium is collected, other stem plants continue to grow, so that the growth rate of the dendrobium is high; by utilizing the plant height of the plants and the interplanting planting mode, the characteristics of preferring yin and preferring yang of the plants are met, and the growth rate of the plants is high.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. The interplanting method of the dendrobium is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) plantation selection: selecting a volcanic forest as a plantation, arranging a volcanic stone layer filled with planting matrix above the surface of the plantation, and sterilizing and leveling the volcanic stone layer;
(2) planting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) making a volcanic stone layer into furrows and ridges, wherein each ridge is 100-120 cm wide, each furrow is 20-30 cm wide, planting holes are made in the ridges, dendrobium seedlings are planted in the planting holes, soil is covered, the planting distance of the dendrobium seedlings is 20-40 cm, and the row spacing is 30-50 cm;
(3) first interplanting: moringa oleifera and beautiful millettia root are sequentially and longitudinally planted on one side of the dendrobium, the plant distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 20-30 cm, the transverse distance between the Moringa oleifera and the beautiful millettia root is 50-80 cm, and Clinacanthus nutans is longitudinally planted on the other side of the dendrobium after 5-6 months of planting, and the plant distance between the Clinacanthus nutans is 30-40 cm;
(4) and (3) interplanting for the second time: after 5-6 months of first interplanting planting, planting alpinia galanga and alpinia oxyphylla on two sides of clinacanthus nutans respectively, wherein plant spacing is 20-30 cm;
(5) management: after transplanting and interplanting for 1-2 months, watering and applying fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting after interplanting for 4-8 months, and harvesting once every 8-12 months.
2. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the shading degree of the plantation is 35-45%, and the humidity is 60-70%.
3. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the particle size of the vesuvianite filled with the planting matrix in the gap is 30-50 mm.
4. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting substrate is peanut drum, peat soil and a nutrient element regulator, and the nutrient element regulator is at least one of urea, compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
5. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the depth of the planting hole is 10-15 cm.
6. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the alpinia oxyphylla and the galangal are longitudinally arranged at intervals and planted on two sides of the clinacanthus nutans.
7. The method for interplanting dendrobium according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the soil is hilled for 2 times every 6-8 months, the fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer, and the weight ratio is 5-7: 3 to 5.
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