CN109482442A - 一种汽车零件喷漆方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车零件喷漆方法 Download PDF

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CN109482442A
CN109482442A CN201811213145.4A CN201811213145A CN109482442A CN 109482442 A CN109482442 A CN 109482442A CN 201811213145 A CN201811213145 A CN 201811213145A CN 109482442 A CN109482442 A CN 109482442A
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吴应举
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Hefei Changqing Machinery Co Ltd
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D1/38—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment with intermediate treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002—Pretreatement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽车零件喷漆方法，包括以下步骤：零件置于盛满清洗剂的超声波清洗槽内，超声波清洗10‑20min，取出零件后清水冲洗，再对零件进行真空干燥；用酸性表面调整剂对零件表面进行表面调整，通过磷酸二氢盐酸性溶液进行磷化，再通过水冲洗两次，冲洗后通风干燥，再通过电泳方式涂底漆；中间涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2‑4遍中间涂层，中间涂层厚度25‑30μm，静电喷涂方式喷涂阻尼材料，晾干，用水砂纸打湿打磨，打磨方向始终保持一致；面涂层涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2‑4遍面漆，面漆厚度35‑45μm，晾干，罩光涂料以静电喷涂方式喷涂1‑2遍罩光涂层，烘干。本发明通过分层喷涂，最终再进行烘干的工艺，从而降低能耗；通过预处理工艺实现零件清洗，确保产品质量。

Description

一种汽车零件喷漆方法
技术领域
本发明属于零件喷漆技术领域，具体涉及一种汽车零件喷漆方法。
背景技术
现代的汽车制造过程一般分为四大工艺环节，分别为零件冲压工艺、车身焊装工艺、车身涂装工艺和总成装配工艺。在所有工艺当中，耗能最多、技术最复杂、耗时最长的也是喷漆涂装工艺。为保证喷漆涂装工艺的高效率性，在实际生产过程中，不同类型的车辆如乘用车、商务车等均可以同时进行喷漆涂装。
目前喷漆涂装生产过程中，底漆电泳涂装主要由热水洗、预脱脂、脱脂、表调、磷化、电泳、超滤水洗和纯水洗等工序组成，底漆电泳后，再经过中间涂层和面漆喷涂，其工序过程复杂，能耗高，质量不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种汽车零件喷漆方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）零件置于盛满清洗剂的超声波清洗槽内，超声波清洗10-20min，取出零件后清水冲洗，再对零件进行真空干燥；
2）用酸性表面调整剂对零件表面进行表面调整，通过磷酸二氢盐酸性溶液进行磷化，再通过水冲洗两次，冲洗后通风干燥，再通过电泳方式涂底漆；
3）中间涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍中间涂层，中间涂层厚度25-30μm，静电喷涂方式喷涂阻尼材料，晾干，用水砂纸打湿打磨，打磨方向始终保持一致；
4）面涂层涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍面漆，面漆厚度35-45μm，晾干，罩光涂料以静电喷涂方式喷涂1-2遍罩光涂层，烘干。
优选地，所述步骤3）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s，中间涂料由5-10份的水、40-50份的溶剂型涂料、30-50份的着色剂、10-20份的有机溶剂、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.2-0.3份的分散剂组成，溶剂型涂料为氨基树脂或聚脂树脂，着色剂为钛白粉、炭黑、高岭土、硫酸钡、滑石粉中的一种或多种，有机溶剂为酯类溶剂、芳烃类溶剂、醚类溶剂或醇类溶剂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述步骤4）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s。
优选地，所述步骤4）中面涂层涂料由30-70份的水、0.06-0.2份的消泡剂、0.2-2份的湿润剂、0.1-0.2份的防沉剂、0.4-2.0份的分散剂、30-70份的固体粉末组成，所述固体粉末为钛白粉或铝银粉。
优选地，所述步骤4）中罩光涂料由40-70份的含羧基聚丙烯、6-20份的水、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.1-0.5份的湿润剂、0.03-0.1份的消泡剂、0.06-0.15份的防腐剂、12-14份的水性聚异氰酸、0.5-2份的助溶剂、0.1-0.2份的脂固化剂、0.2-0.4份的酸脂乳液组成。
优选地，所述步骤4）中烘干温度为60℃，烘干时间为15-20min，晾干时间为3-5min。
优选地，所述步骤3）中晾干时间为3-5min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过分层喷涂，最终再进行烘干的工艺，从而降低能耗；通过预处理工艺实现零件清洗，确保产品质量。
具体实施方式
一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）零件置于盛满清洗剂的超声波清洗槽内，超声波清洗10-20min，取出零件后清水冲洗，再对零件进行真空干燥；
2）用酸性表面调整剂对零件表面进行表面调整，通过磷酸二氢盐酸性溶液进行磷化，再通过水冲洗两次，冲洗后通风干燥，再通过电泳方式涂底漆；
3）中间涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍中间涂层，中间涂层厚度25-30μm，静电喷涂方式喷涂阻尼材料，晾干，用水砂纸打湿打磨，打磨方向始终保持一致；
4）面涂层涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍面漆，面漆厚度35-45μm，晾干，罩光涂料以静电喷涂方式喷涂1-2遍罩光涂层，烘干。
所述步骤3）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s，中间涂料由5-10份的水、40-50份的溶剂型涂料、30-50份的着色剂、10-20份的有机溶剂、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.2-0.3份的分散剂组成，溶剂型涂料为氨基树脂或聚脂树脂，着色剂为钛白粉、炭黑、高岭土、硫酸钡、滑石粉中的一种或多种，有机溶剂为酯类溶剂、芳烃类溶剂、醚类溶剂或醇类溶剂中的一种或多种。
所述步骤4）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s。
所述步骤4）中面涂层涂料由30-70份的水、0.06-0.2份的消泡剂、0.2-2份的湿润剂、0.1-0.2份的防沉剂、0.4-2.0份的分散剂、30-70份的固体粉末组成，所述固体粉末为钛白粉或铝银粉。
所述步骤4）中罩光涂料由40-70份的含羧基聚丙烯、6-20份的水、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.1-0.5份的湿润剂、0.03-0.1份的消泡剂、0.06-0.15份的防腐剂、12-14份的水性聚异氰酸、0.5-2份的助溶剂、0.1-0.2份的脂固化剂、0.2-0.4份的酸脂乳液组成。
所述步骤4）中烘干温度为60℃，烘干时间为15-20min，晾干时间为3-5min。
所述步骤3)中晾干时间为3-5min。

Claims (7)

1.一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）零件置于盛满清洗剂的超声波清洗槽内，超声波清洗10-20min，取出零件后清水冲洗，再对零件进行真空干燥；
2）用酸性表面调整剂对零件表面进行表面调整，通过磷酸二氢盐酸性溶液进行磷化，再通过水冲洗两次，冲洗后通风干燥，再通过电泳方式涂底漆；
3）中间涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍中间涂层，中间涂层厚度25-30μm，静电喷涂方式喷涂阻尼材料，晾干，用水砂纸打湿打磨，打磨方向始终保持一致；
4）面涂层涂料以静电喷涂方式喷2-4遍面漆，面漆厚度35-45μm，晾干，罩光涂料以静电喷涂方式喷涂1-2遍罩光涂层，烘干。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s，中间涂料由5-10份的水、40-50份的溶剂型涂料、30-50份的着色剂、10-20份的有机溶剂、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.2-0.3份的分散剂组成，溶剂型涂料为氨基树脂或聚脂树脂，着色剂为钛白粉、炭黑、高岭土、硫酸钡、滑石粉中的一种或多种，有机溶剂为酯类溶剂、芳烃类溶剂、醚类溶剂或醇类溶剂中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4）中静电喷涂时的温度为50-55℃、相对湿度为70-80%、风速0.3-0.4m/s。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4）中面涂层涂料由30-70份的水、0.06-0.2份的消泡剂、0.2-2份的湿润剂、0.1-0.2份的防沉剂、0.4-2.0份的分散剂、30-70份的固体粉末组成，所述固体粉末为钛白粉或铝银粉。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4）中罩光涂料由40-70份的含羧基聚丙烯、6-20份的水、0.1-0.4份的流平剂、0.1-0.5份的湿润剂、0.03-0.1份的消泡剂、0.06-0.15份的防腐剂、12-14份的水性聚异氰酸、0.5-2份的助溶剂、0.1-0.2份的脂固化剂、0.2-0.4份的酸脂乳液组成。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4）中烘干温度为60℃，烘干时间为15-20min，晾干时间为3-5min。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种汽车零件喷漆方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3）中晾干时间为3-5min。
CN201811213145.4A 2018-10-18 2018-10-18 一种汽车零件喷漆方法 Withdrawn CN109482442A (zh)

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CN115228709A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-25 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种用于船舶的水性阻尼涂料的喷涂方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110000067A (zh) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-12 佳马机械涂覆科技（苏州）有限公司 一种新型汽车零件上漆涂装工艺
CN115228709A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-25 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种用于船舶的水性阻尼涂料的喷涂方法

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