CN109463217B

CN109463217B - Special fertilizer-saving and yield-increasing liquid fertilizer for watermelons or muskmelons and fertilizer application method

Info

Publication number: CN109463217B
Application number: CN201811287480.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-10-31
Filing date: 2018-10-31
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-31
Also published as: CN109463217A

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons and a fertilizing method, wherein a first expansion period node calculation formula x is 0.6 of a harvesting period and 3 days; the node calculation formula y of the second expansion period is 0.9 harvest period-3 days; flushing and applying a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer between four to five days after fruit setting and a first expansion fertilization node; and (3) flushing and applying the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node. The method provided by the invention can be used for realizing the fertilization of the specified nodes, so that the utilization rate and the effect of the fertilizer are maximized, the precise water and fertilizer management is implemented, and the pollution of the fertilizer to the environment is reduced to the maximum extent; saving labor and fertilizer, increasing yield and income and reducing labor intensity.

Description

Special fertilizer-saving and yield-increasing liquid fertilizer for watermelons or muskmelons and fertilizer application method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons and a fertilizing method.

Background

The watermelon is an annual vine; the stems and branches are thick and strong and have obvious edges; thick tendrils, short and soft hair, thick petiole and dense and soft hair; the leaf is paper, the outline is triangular oval, the leaf is white and green, the two sides are provided with short bristles, and the base of the leaf is heart-shaped. The same male and female plants. Both the male and female flowers are originated from the axilla of the leaf. The male flower stalk is 3-4 cm long, dense, yellow brown and long and soft; the calyx cylinder is wide and bell-shaped; the corolla is light yellow; the stamen is close to the raw, the filament is short, and the chamber is bent. Female flowers: the calyx and the corolla are the same as the male flower; ovaries, stigmatic kidney. The fruit is large, nearly spherical or elliptical, fleshy, juicy, smooth in peel, and various in color and luster and ornamentation. Most seeds, egg-shaped, black, red, smooth on both sides, blunt and round on the base, usually with slightly arched edges, in the summer of flower and fruit.

The melon is a annual vine herbaceous plant of cucurbitaceae, and has a leaf heart shape or a palm shape; the five petals are yellow, the male and the female are of the same strain, the female flower is an amphoteric flower and comprises stamens and pistils, and the male flower is a single stamen only; the melon is in a ball shape, an egg shape, an oval shape or an oblate shape, and the skin is yellow, white, green or miscellaneous with various stripes; green, white, red or orange-yellow pulp, crisp or soft pulp, fragrant and sweet taste; sexual preference for high temperature, dryness and sufficient sunlight; the tropical zone of the original product is generally cultivated in various places of China, the variety is many, the sweet taste produced in North and northwest China is strong, and the moisture produced in humid areas is more than or equal to a small amount.

In the existing planting process of watermelons or melons, fertilization is carried out according to experience after visual inspection, the fertilization differentiation is large, the fertilization amount is large, the utilization efficiency of fertilizers is low, the yield of the watermelons and the melons is low, and the planting cost is high. And soil hardening and serious soil degradation are caused by applying more fertilizer products, so that the problems of environmental pollution and the like are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects and provide the special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons, which is low in fertilizer consumption and high in yield, and the fertilizing method.

The invention provides a special fertilizer saving and yield increasing liquid fertilizer for watermelons or melons, which comprises a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and a super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer, wherein the content of N + P + K in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 200g/L, the content of N in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 100g/L, P, the content of N in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 40g/L, K, the content of N in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 60g/L, and the content of humic acid in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30 g/L; the N content of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is 120g/L, P, the N content is 50g/L, K, the N content is 400g/L, and the humic acid content is 30 g/L.

The invention provides a fertilizing method of a special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons, which comprises the following steps:

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 0.6 times of the harvest period for-3 days, the second expansion fertilization node y is 0.9 times of the harvest period for-3 days, and the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting to seven to eight ripeness; after fruit setting for four to five days, at the time of the conversion period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of crops, flushing and applying a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer between four to five days after fruit setting and a first expansion fertilization node; and (3) flushing and applying the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node.

Further, the invention provides a fertilizing method of the special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons, which comprises the following steps:

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 0.6 times of the harvest period for-3 days, the second expansion fertilization node y is 0.9 times of the harvest period for-3 days, and the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting to seven to eight ripeness; four to five days after fruit setting, namely the period of conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of crops, wherein 1 to 6 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is averagely applied to each mu between four to five days after fruit setting and the first expansion fertilization node, and the diluting liquid of which the volume is 500 times that of 300 plus materials is adopted for applying the fertilizer; and 2-10 kilograms of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer are evenly applied between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, and the dilution liquid of which the weight is 500 times that of the 300-fold sand-doped liquid is applied during the application.

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; four to five days after fruit setting, at the time, the crops are flushed with water and fertilizer from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth conversion period, 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is flushed and applied to each mu, the diluent with the concentration of 300 plus one-time is adopted for flushing and application during flushing and application, the fertilizer is flushed and applied for the second time after three to five days, 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is flushed and applied to each mu, the diluent with the concentration of 300 plus one-time is adopted for flushing and application during flushing and application, and the water consumption is adjusted according to the soil moisture content of the seedling and the weather condition; promoting the maximization of the cell division number of the watermelon fruits;

the calculation formula for determining the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 0.6 x the harvest period for-3 days, all 48 hours thereafter are the optimal expansion period nodes, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of the watermelon or the melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of the watermelon or the melon is assumed to be 34 days, namely the first expansion fertilization node x is 17.4 days; 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu within 48 hours by taking an integer of x as a datum point, and the application is carried out by adopting diluent of 500 times of 300-; the second expansion fertilization node y is 0.9 times the harvesting period to 3 days, namely y is 27.6 days, the second expansion fertilization node y is taken as an integer of 27 days in actual operation, the expansion period second expansion fertilization nodes are all within 48 hours taking 27 days as a reference point, 1 kilogram of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the dilution liquid of 500 times of 300 times is used for applying water; in the time period between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, 2 kilograms of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu in a flushing mode, and the diluent of which the volume is 300-fold and is 500-fold is used for applying the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer in the flushing mode.

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 0.6 times the harvest period to 3 days, the second expansion fertilization node y is 0.9 times the harvest period to 3 days, and the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripeness; in the period from four to five days after fruit setting to the first expansion fertilization node, 4 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer per mu are evenly distributed and applied by flushing for three times or more, and the fertilizer is diluted by a diluent of 500 times of 300 times; between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, 5 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer per mu are evenly distributed and applied by water for four times or more in the period, and the dilution liquid for diluting the fertilizer by 300 times and 500 times is applied by water; the principle of flushing fertilizer and water is that the fertilizer and water are applied in small quantity and many times.

Further, the application method of the special liquid fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of the watermelons and the melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: and all the liquid fertilizers are flushed and applied three days before the watermelon or the melon is harvested.

Further, the application method of the special liquid fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of the watermelons and the melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the irrigation fertilizer applies the fertilizer and water dilution to the roots of the plants by drip irrigation.

According to the fertilizer application method of the special fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons, provided by the invention, under the background of zero growth of national fertilizer, the traditional planting mode of farmers is combined, the core technology of fertilizer flushing after fruit setting of watermelons and melons is highlighted, the growth period of the watermelons and melons is strictly controlled to expand nodes, the node fertilization is realized, the utilization rate and the effect of the fertilizer are maximized, the precise water and fertilizer management is implemented, and the pollution of the fertilizer to the environment is reduced to the maximum extent; by controlling the fertilization of watermelon or melon nodes, 9 kilograms of fertilizer is applied per mu by weight, compared with the traditional method of applying compound fertilizer, the fertilizer has the advantages that the weight and the usage amount of the fertilizer are reduced by 80 percent, the yield is increased by more than 30 percent, the labor and the fertilizer are saved for vast farmers, the yield and the income are increased, and the labor intensity is reduced; the invention adopts the calculation node to control the fertilization time node, and farmers fertilize fertilizer according to the time node, so that the fertilization is convenient, simple and effective; the fertilization node provided by the invention is simple and reasonable, the maximization of the cell division number of the watermelon or melon fruit is promoted before the node in the first expansion period so as to promote the fruit to expand rapidly, the time period between the node in the first expansion period and the node in the second expansion period is mainly used for promoting the fruit to increase sugar and change color, and the expansion and weight increase of the fruit cells are promoted rapidly; the invention adopts the principle that the fertilizer and water are applied by flushing and follow a small amount of time, the time node of the first use of the super-concentrated high-potassium type fluid fertilizer cannot be ahead of the first expansion fertilization node, and all the liquid fertilizers are flushed and applied three days before the watermelon or melon is harvested.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples:

example 1:

cultivating first watermelon or melon in greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after transplanting, and watering once three days before fruit setting; for example, when the watermelon is cultivated by three vines, the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 12 nodes, and when the cultivation method is cultivated by two vines, the nodes of the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 15 nodes, and the total 33 leaves of a single plant are taken as the datum points of the remaining watermelon; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (harvest period is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time from fruit setting to eight ripens is 34 days, namely the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (34 is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-34-3 is 17.4 days, and the integer of x is 17 days; the second expansion fertilization node y is 3/4 (harvest period is 1.2) -3-0.9 harvest period-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time is 34 days from fruit setting to seven to eight ripens, namely y is 3/4 (34 is 1.2) -3-0.9, 34-3 is 27.6 days, and the second expansion fertilization node y is an integer of 27 days in actual operation; 4 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to each mu in a flushing mode from four to five days after fruit setting to the first expansion fertilization node in the period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of crops after fruit setting, and the flushing application is carried out by using a diluent which is 300 times and 500 times of the average amount of the fertilizer diluted per day; 5 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node in a flush manner per mu, and the flush application is carried out by using a diluent which is diluted by 300-fold and 500-fold by using the average amount of the fertilizer per day; applying the diluted liquid of the fertilizer and water to the roots of the plants by using the flushing fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode; when the formula calculates the decimal number of days, the decimal number is ignored.

The content of N + P + K in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 200g/L, the content of N in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 100g/L, P, the content of N in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 40g/L, K, the content of N in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 60g/L, and the content of humic acid in the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 30 g/L; the N content of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is 120g/L, P, the N content is 50g/L, K, the N content is 400g/L, and the humic acid content is 30 g/L.

Example 2:

cultivating first watermelon or melon in greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after transplanting, and watering once three days before fruit setting; for example, when the watermelon is cultivated by three vines, the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 12 nodes, and when the cultivation method is cultivated by two vines, the nodes of the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 15 nodes, and the total 33 leaves of a single plant are taken as the datum points of the remaining watermelon; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (harvest period is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time from fruit setting to eight ripens is 34 days, namely the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (34 is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-34-3 is 17.4 days, and the integer of x is 17 days; the second expansion fertilization node y is 3/4 (harvest period is 1.2) -3-0.9 harvest period-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time from fruit setting to eight ripens is 34 days, namely y is 3/4 (34 is 1.2) -3-0.9, 34-3 is 27.6 days, and the second expansion fertilization node y is an integer of 27 days in actual operation; four to five days after fruit setting, at the time, in the period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth conversion of the crops, flushing and flushing fertilizer, flushing 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer per mu by using diluent of 500 times in flushing application, flushing fertilizer for the second time after three to five days, flushing 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer per mu by using diluent of 500 times in flushing application, and flushing fertilizer by using diluent of 500 times in flushing application; 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu within 48 hours by taking an integer of 17 days of the first expansion fertilization node x as a reference point, namely 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu within 17 and 18 days, and diluent of 300 times and 500 times is used for applying the fertilizer; 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer per mu are applied in a flushing mode at the time point between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, and a diluent of 500 times of 300-; taking the second expansion fertilization node y as an integer of 27 days, carrying out flush application on 1 kg of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer per mu within 48 hours of 27-28 days by taking the 27 days as a reference point, and carrying out flush application by using a diluent of 500 times of 300-fold sand; applying the diluted liquid of the fertilizer and water to the roots of the plants by using the flushing fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode; when the formula calculates the decimal number of days, the decimal number is ignored.

Example 3

Cultivating first watermelon or melon in greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after transplanting, and watering once three days before fruit setting; for example, when the watermelon is cultivated by three vines, the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 12 nodes, and when the cultivation method is cultivated by two vines, the nodes of the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 15 nodes, and the total 33 leaves of a single plant are taken as the datum points of the remaining watermelon; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (harvest period is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time from fruit setting to eight ripens is 34 days, namely the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (34 is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-34-3 is 17.4 days, and the integer of x is 17 days; the second expansion fertilization node y is 3/4 (harvest period is 1.2) -3-0.9 harvest period-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time is 34 days from fruit setting to seven to eight ripens, namely y is 3/4 (34 is 1.2) -3-0.9, 34-3 is 27.6 days, and the second expansion fertilization node y is an integer of 27 days in actual operation; four to five days after fruit setting, namely the period of conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of crops, and applying 1 kg of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer per mu between four to five days after fruit setting and the first expansion fertilization node, wherein the application is carried out by applying a diluent which is 300 times diluted by the fertilizer with the average dosage per day and is 500 times diluted by the fertilizer; 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node in a flush manner per mu, and the flush application is carried out by using a diluent which is diluted by 300-fold and 500-fold by using the average amount of the fertilizer per day; applying the diluted liquid of the fertilizer and water to the roots of the plants by using the flushing fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode; when the formula calculates the decimal number of days, the decimal number is ignored.

Example 4

Cultivating first watermelon or melon in greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after transplanting, and watering once three days before fruit setting; for example, when the watermelon is cultivated by three vines, the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 12 nodes, and when the cultivation method is cultivated by two vines, the nodes of the main vine leaves the watermelon no less than 15 nodes, and the total 33 leaves of a single plant are taken as the datum points of the remaining watermelon; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows: the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (harvest period is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time from fruit setting to eight ripens is 34 days, namely the first expansion fertilization node x is 1/2 (34 is 1.2) -3 is 0.6-34-3 is 17.4 days, and the integer of x is 17 days; the second expansion fertilization node y is 3/4 (harvest period is 1.2) -3-0.9 harvest period-3 days, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight ripens, for example, the harvest period of watermelon or melon is 34 days, namely the total time is 34 days from fruit setting to seven to eight ripens, namely y is 3/4 (34 is 1.2) -3-0.9, 34-3 is 27.6 days, and the second expansion fertilization node y is an integer of 27 days in actual operation; four to five days after fruit setting, namely the conversion period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of crops, and applying 6 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer to each mu between four to five days after fruit setting and the first expansion fertilization node, wherein the application is carried out by applying a diluent which is diluted by 300 times and 500 times by using the average amount of the fertilizer every day; 10 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node in a flush manner per mu, and the flush application is carried out by using a diluent which is diluted by 300-fold and 500-fold by using the average amount of the fertilizer per day; applying the diluted liquid of the fertilizer and water to the roots of the plants by using the flushing fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode; when the formula calculates the decimal number of days, the decimal number is ignored.

The method carries out watermelon planting in the Anji watermelon planting base in Zhejiang, and the yield of the watermelon is increased by 30 percent compared with the conventional fertilization mode; the conventional fertilization method applies 50Kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu, and applies 5Kg of liquid fertilizer per mu, and the method applies 9Kg of liquid fertilizer per mu.

Compared with the traditional compound fertilizer, the yield of the compound fertilizer is increased by 30% when 5-9 kg of the fertilizer is used in the watermelon base in Taihe county in Anhui province and the Anji watermelon base in Zhejiang province according to the method;

6 kilograms of the fertilizer is used on each mu of Luken Hami melon in Xinjiang, and the yield is increased by 30 percent compared with the traditional fertilizer.

Claims

1. A fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or muskmelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; four to five days after fruit setting, at the time, the crops are flushed with water and fertilizer from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth conversion period, 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is flushed and applied to each mu, the diluent with the concentration of 300 plus one year is used for flushing and applying, the fertilizer is flushed and applied for the second time after three to five days, 2 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is flushed and applied to each mu, the diluent with the concentration of 300 plus one year and 500 times is used for flushing and applying, and the water consumption is adjusted according to the seedling condition, the soil moisture condition and the weather condition; promoting the maximization of the cell division number of the watermelon or melon fruit;

the calculation formula for determining the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows:

the first expansion fertilization node x =0.6 times the harvest period for-3 days, the optimum expansion period nodes are all in 48 hours, the harvest period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight mature, 2 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu within 48 hours of the first expansion fertilization node, and the dilution liquid with 500 times of 300-;

the second expansion fertilization node y =0.9 and the harvesting period is-3 days, the harvesting period is based on the time period from fruit setting of watermelon or melon to seven to eight mature, the second expansion fertilization nodes are the expansion period within 48 hours of the second expansion fertilization node, 1 kilogram of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the dilution liquid with 500 times of 300-fold wet fertilization is applied to each mu; in the time period between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, 2 kilograms of the super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer is applied to each mu in a flushing mode, and diluent of 500 times of 300-;

all the liquid fertilizers are flushed and applied three days before the watermelon or the melon is harvested;

applying the diluted liquid of the fertilizer and water to the roots of the plants by using the flushing fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode;

2. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of watermelons or melons as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

cultivating the first batch of watermelon or melon in a greenhouse or open field in early spring, cultivating strong seedlings after the watermelon or melon is transplanted, and watering once three days before fruit setting; dividing fertilization nodes after fruit setting, wherein a calculation formula determined by the fertilization time node in the expansion period is as follows:

the first expansion fertilization node x0.6 x harvest time-3 days;

the second expansion fertilization node y =0.9 x harvest time-3 days;

in the period from four to five days after fruit setting to the first expansion fertilization node, 4 kilograms of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer per mu are evenly distributed and applied by flushing for three times or more, and the fertilizer is diluted by a diluent of 500 times of 300 times; between the first expansion fertilization node and the second expansion fertilization node, 5 kilograms of super-concentrated high-potassium fluid fertilizer per mu are evenly distributed and applied by water for four times or more in the period, and the dilution liquid for diluting the fertilizer by 300 times and 500 times is applied by water; the principle of flushing fertilizer and water is that the fertilizer and water are applied in small quantity and many times.