CN104521399A - Fertilization method for increasing wildrye seed yield - Google Patents
Fertilization method for increasing wildrye seed yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521399A CN104521399A CN201410825761.0A CN201410825761A CN104521399A CN 104521399 A CN104521399 A CN 104521399A CN 201410825761 A CN201410825761 A CN 201410825761A CN 104521399 A CN104521399 A CN 104521399A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilization method for increasing the wildrye seed yield. The method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in summer of the last year so as to increasing the heading number of wildrye in the next year, fertilizing in spring in the same year so as to increasing the bearing number and thousand seed weight, and performing fertilization measures in two years so as to increase the seed yield in one year. In the second year of seeding, the growth of the wildrye in an artificial grassland is good, few weeds grow, 46 percent of urea or 34 percent of ammonium nitrate is selected to be used on a natural wildrye grassland with high wildrye purity, a manual spreading method is adopted by combining rainfall at the stage in the last ten-day period of July to the middle of August in summer of the last year, 55-75kg/ha of pure nitrogen is applied at a time, rainfall is fully utilized in the last ten-day period of April to the first ten-day period of May in spring in the same year, 40-60kg/ha of pure nitrogen is applied before raining at a time, and the proper artificial water supplementing is immediately performed after fertilization in the absence of the rainfall. Wildrye seeds are suitable to be harvested in the last ten-day period of July. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the wildrye seed yield is greatly increased, and good economic, social and ecological benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gramineous forage grass seed production technique, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method improving Leymus chinensis seeds output.
Background technology
Sheep's hay (
leymus chinensis), have another name called alkali grass, belong to leymus rhizome type perennial grass.Leymus Chinensis Steppe is the distinctive group system in east, grassland region, Eurasia, is distributed in the northeast of Russia and External Mongolia, and China's West of The Northeast China and east Inner Mongolia.Sheep's hay, as the constructive species of China's northeast saline-alkali grassland, has wide adaptability, the ecosystem characterization of cold-resistant, drought-enduring and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, not only play an important role in water and soil conservation and ecological construction, and sheep's hay is of high nutritive value, good palatability, one of good forage that Ye Shi China is important.
Loose browse ground northeastward, sheep's hay early April turns green, and starts heading 5 the end of month, in 7 months, the last ten-days period seed maturity, enter thereafter the trophophase after fruit.Because sheep's hay belongs to perennial rhizome type dogstail, under field conditions (factors) based on vegetative propagation, sexual propagation ability is more weak, shows heading rate low (10% ~ 20%) and ripening rate low (20% ~ 30%) throughout the year, even if the seed production of Artificial grass area prisoner is also less than 100kg/ha.The seed production that sheep's hay is low, seriously govern the paces that people improve and recover serious degradation meadow day by day, and the development of grassland agriculture, but sheep's hay at the heading rate in indivedual time and ripening rate again very high (respectively more than 70%), thus seed production is significantly increased, this improves Leymus chinensis seeds output for taking artificial measures, provides possibility.
For many years, for the problem that Leymus chinensis seeds yields poorly, forefathers conduct extensive research from weather, nutritional condition, grassland utilization and the aspect such as to grow respectively.In the research that sheep's hay heading rate is low, there is the sub-strain (Winter tiller) that only grows into more than 3 ~ 4 leaves before surviving the winter could the report of Cheng Sui in next year in early days, after have research to point out, the Winter tiller that the pine browse ground previous Growing season later stage is formed accounts for the absolute proportion of Leymus chinensis population fertile tillers in next year, the low temperature in preceding year autumn, rainy, few illumination condition, obviously can increase the heading quantity of Leymus chinensis population in next year.In the research that sheep's hay ripening rate is low, successively have sheep's hay long for flowering stage, pollen quantity is few, can not meet the needs of its pollination, florescence environment and nutritional condition poor, the part not opening of fringe end, the reports such as the growth of microspore and megaspore is abnormal with fertility.Although forefathers have carried out more research for the problem that Leymus chinensis seeds yields poorly, take cultivation step with upper and lower two year, jointly improved an annual Leymus chinensis seeds and produce quantifier elimination, have not been reported.The problem having section report to adopt " No. 8, the agriculture mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo " kind recently to produce to inquire into sown pasture Leymus chinensis seeds, but " No. 8, the agriculture mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo " kind is the alfalfa of pulse family, but not sheep's hay.In recent years find in the research that the problem that Leymus chinensis seeds is produced is attached most importance to by applicant team, rhizome type perennial Leymus chinensis seeds Yield And Yield Components was formed in upper and lower two years, namely the heading quantity of Leymus chinensis population is decided by the summer and autumn of 1 year, the heading quantity in the rich water measure in 8 ~ September of summer and autumn upper one year and sheep's hay next year also exists obvious positive correlation, and the fruit amount of Leymus chinensis seeds and thousand kernel weight are decided by spring then, the rich water process that spring is early stage then can significantly improve ripening rate and thousand kernel weight, thus propose adopt jointly take measures in upper and lower two year, improve the thinking and countermeasure of an annual Leymus chinensis seeds output.This result of study, compared with annual crop, is essentially different.
But above-mentioned technical method still also exists: 1) the fertilization time problem of the best that upper and lower two year is concrete need clear and definite further; 2) concrete fertilizing amount and irrigation amount need to determine further; 3) in arid, the large-area saline-alkali grassland of semiarid region carries out watering the problem such as to be difficult to carry out.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing raising Leymus chinensis seeds throughput method, the present invention is according to the growth-development law of sheep's hay self and biological property, a kind of previous year applied nitrogen in summer is provided to loose browse to significantly improve number of earing next year northeastward, spring, applied nitrogen significantly improved Cone crop and thousand kernel weight then, thus reached the production object significantly improving Leymus chinensis seeds output.Concrete steps of the present invention and condition as follows:
1, the selection of Chinense Grassland
Sown pasture should carry out after the 2nd year in sowing, and natural meadow answers growth selection good, and weeds are few, the Chinense Grassland that sheep's hay purity is high.
2, fertilization type and consumption
Applied nitrogen kind should be chosen as the urea of 46% of physiological neutral fertilizer or the ammonium nitrate of 34%.Previous year fertilization in summer amount is advisable with 55 ~ 75kg/ha purity nitrogen, and the fertilizing amount in spring is advisable with 40 ~ 60kg/ha purity nitrogen then.
3, fertilization time and method
The previous year fertilization in summer time should late July ~ mid-August one-month period in, the time of fertilizer applied in the spring season then should late April ~ the first tenday period of a month in May 20 day time in, respectively in conjunction with the rainfall between fertilizer application period, 1 time property applies, as fertilizer applied in the spring season without rainfall time, can suitably moisturizing immediately after fertilising.Fertilizing method can adopt pure fertilizer or chemical fertilizer be admixed the method for a small amount of fine earth, manually spreads fertilizer over the fields.
4, management after fertilising
Do not carry out the Chinense Grassland cradled during previous year fertilization in summer, normal meadow can be carried out after fertilising and cradle work.
5, seed harvest
Then late July results Leymus chinensis seeds be advisable.Between different year, sheep's hay flowering stage and seed full ripening stage, can differences to some extent, can Leymus chinensis population contain spend after 39d carry out seed harvest, now seed vitality is the highest, performance optimal.After Leymus chinensis seeds results, timely airing, selected and pack.
advantage of the present invention
Compared with improving the technical method of seed production at present, this method proposes first and adopts upper and lower two annual measures of fertilizer, improves the Method and Technology of a year perennial rhizome type Leymus chinensis seeds output, and specify that fertilization time and fertilizing amount etc. further; In conjunction with the natural precipitation of fertilizer application period, remove from and water water treatment, be more prone to operation and save labor, thus reach the production object significantly increasing Leymus chinensis seeds output.This method can make Leymus chinensis seeds output increase by more than 200%, thus obtains good economy, society and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below further illustrate concrete steps of the present invention and condition:
1, the selection of Chinense Grassland
Newly-built Aneurolepidium Chinese Artificial Grassland, because of poor growth after sowing the 1st year and emerging, sheep's hay does not ear substantially, and therefore, this method should be carried out after the 2nd year of sown pasture sowing.Natural meadow should select Growth of Leymus chinensis good, and weeds are few, the Chinense Grassland that purity is high.
2, fertilization type and consumption
Chinense Grassland is mainly distributed in soil containing NaCl and Na
2sO
4in neutral salt, and Na
2cO
3and NaHCO
3deng basic salt content upper zone, soil is in alkalescence, and applied nitrogen kind should select 46% urea of physiological neutral fertilizer or 34% ammonium nitrate to be advisable, and avoids using physiological alkaline fertilizer.Previous year fertilization in summer amount is advisable with 55 ~ 75kg/ha purity nitrogen, and the fertilizing amount in spring is advisable with 40 ~ 60kg/ha purity nitrogen then.
3, fertilization time and method
The previous year fertilization in summer time should late July ~ mid-August one-month period in, the time of fertilizer applied in the spring season then should late April ~ the first tenday period of a month in May the 20d time in.In arid, semiarid zone rainfall is less, and summer is concentrated phase of rainfall, should utilize the rainfall in this period, apply in front 1 property of rain during fertilization in summer; Rainfall in spring is little, give one's full attention to utilization, as during without rainfall, can carry out artificial recharge, suitable artificial recharge immediately after front 1 property of rain applies or applies fertilizer.Fertilizing method can adopt and directly manually be spread fertilizer over the fields by chemical fertilizer, after also chemical fertilizer can being admixed a certain proportion of field fine earth, manually spreads fertilizer over the fields.
4, management after fertilising
Previous year fertilization in summer is when late July, current production does not also carry out cradling of meadow, normal meadow can be carried out after fertilising and cradle work, but to note in mowing, airing, stacking and packing process machinery not too much roll meadow, in order to avoid cause soil compaction and harden.Previous year fertilization in summer is when mid-August, and general meadow has cradled complete, by the grassland fertilization of above-mentioned fertilizing method after cradling.
5, seed harvest
In late July then, Leymus chinensis seeds is ripe, carries out seed collection with artificial or seed harvester.Between different year, sheep's hay flowering stage and seed full ripening stage, can differences to some extent, can Leymus chinensis population contain spend after 39d carry out seed harvest, now seed vitality is the highest, performance optimal.After Leymus chinensis seeds results, timely airing, selected and pack.
Claims (1)
1. improve a fertilizing method for Leymus chinensis seeds output,
it is characterized in thatconcrete steps and condition as follows:
1), the selection of Chinense Grassland
Sown pasture should carry out after the 2nd year in sowing, and natural meadow answers growth selection good, and weeds are few, the Chinense Grassland that sheep's hay purity is high;
2), fertilization type and consumption
Applied nitrogen kind is chosen as the urea of 46% of physiological neutral fertilizer or the ammonium nitrate of 34%, and previous year fertilization in summer amount is 55 ~ 75kg/ha purity nitrogen, and the fertilizing amount in spring is 40 ~ 60kg/ha purity nitrogen then;
3), fertilization time and method
The previous year fertilization in summer time should late July ~ mid-August one-month period in, the time of fertilizer applied in the spring season then should late April ~ the first tenday period of a month in May 20 day time in, respectively in conjunction with the rainfall between fertilizer application period, 1 time property applies, when fertilizer applied in the spring season is without rainfall, suitably moisturizing immediately after fertilising, fertilizing method adopts pure fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is admixed the method for a small amount of fine earth, manually spreads fertilizer over the fields;
4), management after fertilising
Do not carry out the Chinense Grassland cradled during previous year fertilization in summer, carry out normal meadow after fertilising and cradle work;
5), seed harvest
Then late July results Leymus chinensis seeds, between different year, sheep's hay flowering stage and seed full ripening stage, can differences to some extent, Leymus chinensis population contain spend after within 39 days, carry out seed harvest.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107211638A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-29 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving Chinense Grassland Herbage harvest |
| CN115024069A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 青海大学 | Fertilizing method for artificial high and cold grassland |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102754561A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-10-31 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for improving elymus nutans griseb seed yield in Aba county |
| CN103004391A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for improving Chinese wild rye biomass and seed yield of saline-alkali soil |
| CN103733828A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-23 | 宁夏大学 | High-yield cultivation method for Chinese wildrye |
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2014
- 2014-12-28 CN CN201410825761.0A patent/CN104521399A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102754561A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-10-31 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for improving elymus nutans griseb seed yield in Aba county |
| CN103004391A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for improving Chinese wild rye biomass and seed yield of saline-alkali soil |
| CN103733828A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-23 | 宁夏大学 | High-yield cultivation method for Chinese wildrye |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 于辉: "羊草种子产量构成因子与产量最适调控时间的研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
| 穆春生 等: "关于培育大穗型羊草品种提高种子产量的商榷", 《草业科学》 * |
| 蔺吉祥: "松嫩草地羊草种子发育进程、休眠特性及与盐碱耐性关系的研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107211638A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-29 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving Chinense Grassland Herbage harvest |
| CN115024069A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 青海大学 | Fertilizing method for artificial high and cold grassland |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |