CN109433251A - 一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的双组分负载型催化剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的双组分负载型催化剂及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium acetate Chemical compound [Cs+].CC([O-])=O ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 transition metal Salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/405—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的双组分负载型催化剂及其制备和应用,双组分负载型催化剂以氢型分子筛HZSM‑5作为载体、负载过渡金属为活性组分、碱金属为助剂;所述活性组分和助剂的总负载量为催化剂重量的0.1~10%。将含有烯烃的废气通过所述双组分负载型催化剂,在100‑300℃进行催化燃烧。本发明的制备方法简单易行,不会对人体健康和生态环境造成危害。本发明制备的催化剂能提高烯烃催化燃烧工艺的矿化率,降低积碳对催化剂过程的影响,延长催化剂的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境催化领域,具体涉及一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的碱金属和过渡金属双组分负载型催化剂及其应用。
背景技术
伴随着社会经济的高速发展,我国工业化、城镇化进程加快,资源能源消耗大量增加,大气污染成为不容忽视的严峻问题。近年来,随着一系列相关政策和法规的实施,全国环境空气质量持续改善,但细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度仍处于高位,京津冀及周边地区远超过国家环境空气质量二级标准;同时,重点区域臭氧浓度呈现上升趋势,尤其是在夏秋季已成为部分城市的首要污染物。烯烃作为一类典型的挥发性有机物(Volatile OrganicCompounds,VOCs),是形成臭氧和细颗粒物污染的重要前体物。
烯烃在化工产业中用途广泛,因此工业有机废气排放是环境中烯烃的重要来源。有组织排放的工业有机废气一般可经过收集和处理有效减少尾气中烯烃的含量,高效末端处理技术的开发和应用是目前研究者的工作重点。目前常用的VOCs控制技术主要有热力燃烧法、催化燃烧法、吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法等,其中,催化燃烧技术凭借处理效率高、能耗低、热力可回收等特点成为最具应用前景的技术之一。早在上个世纪,科研人员就对贵金属和复合氧化物为基础的催化剂进行了深入的研究。为了改善催化性能,降低成本,替代材料的探索也已经兴起,其中广受关注的主要是过渡金属和沸石分子筛。
在烯烃的催化燃烧过程中,由于碳碳双键的存在,其在较低温度下极易发生聚合、烷基化和芳构化等反应,这些反应产生的大分子副产物积累在催化剂表面,覆盖了催化剂的活性位点或者堵塞催化剂孔道,使催化剂很快失活。同时,过渡金属类催化剂活性相比贵金属类催化剂较低,其在较低温度下深度氧化能力不足,导致反应矿化率较低。因此,开发一种具有优异的催化稳定性和CO2选择性的催化剂对于烯烃的催化燃烧工艺具有重要意义。
发明内容
为克服现有催化材料的不足,本发明提供一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的碱金属和过渡金属双组分负载型催化剂,其具有优异的催化稳定性和CO2选择性。
一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的双组分负载型催化剂,以氢型分子筛HZSM-5作为载体、负载过渡金属为活性组分、碱金属为助剂;所述活性组分和助剂的总负载量为催化剂重量的0.1~10%。
HZSM-5负载过渡金属后形成双功能催化剂,分子筛的酸性中心和过渡金属的活性中心协同作用使得催化剂具有较好的活性表现。碱金属的加入可以改变过渡金属在载体表面的存在状态,增强其分散性。同时作为一种电子助剂,碱金属可以提高催化剂的携氧能力和氧流动性能,增强其深度氧化能力,提高催化反应的矿化率。另外,碱金属还可以调节催化剂的表面酸性,减缓积碳的产生速率,提高催化剂的稳定性。这种双组分负载型催化剂可以兼顾催化反应的活性、稳定性和矿化率,因而在烯烃催化燃烧工艺中表现出良好的性能。
优选地,所述过渡金属为Cu、Mn、Ce中的一种。
优选地,所述碱金属为Na、K、Cs中的一种。
优选地,所述碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~20。
进一步优选地,所述碱金属和过渡金属占催化剂的质量百分比为0.1~5%,所述碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~20。
跟进一步优选地,所述碱金属和过渡金属占催化剂的质量百分比为2~4%,所述碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~4。
最优选地,所述碱金属和过渡金属占催化剂的质量百分比为3%,所述碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:2。
在该催化体系中,金属负载量过低时催化活性不足,负载量过高时会造成催化剂孔道堵塞、比表面积下降。同时,碱金属与过渡金属质量比过低时,催化剂酸性过强而氧化能力不足,易发生积碳失活;而质量比过高时,催化剂酸性过弱,对反应物吸附能力不足,造成催化活性下降。在优选范围内,催化剂可以在保留一定酸性的同时,降低碳质中间产物的产生和吸附,增强催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而降低积碳速率,增强催化反应稳定性。
优选地,所述碱金属和过渡金属在催化剂中以离子或氧化物形式存在。
优选地,所述HZSM-5的硅铝比为20~50、比表面积为300~500m2/g。
本发明还提供一种如所述双组分负载型催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将碱金属和过渡金属的前驱体溶于去离子水中,然后将HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于碱金属和过渡金属的混合溶液中,连续搅拌3~5小时后,在75~85℃干燥8~12小时,然后在空气环境中煅烧2~5小时即得;
碱金属的前驱体、过渡金属的前驱体以及HZSM-5分子筛的配比以成品催化剂中碱金属和过渡金属的总负载量为0.1~10%计。
煅烧温度优选为400℃;碱金属和过渡金属前驱体是指碱金属和过渡金属的无机盐或配合物。
优选地,碱金属的前驱体与过渡金属的前驱体的配比以成品催化剂中碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~20计。
本发明还提供一种催化剂在烯烃催化燃烧工艺中的应用,即一种烯烃催化燃烧方法,包括如下步骤:
将含有烯烃的废气通过所述双组分负载型催化剂,在100-300℃进行催化燃烧。
优选地,废气的空速大于0h-1且小于等于30000h-1,烯烃的浓度大于0ppm且小于等于3000ppm,氧气的浓度大于5vol.%且小于等于20vol.%。
进一步优选地,催化燃烧温度在250~300℃,废气的空速大于0h-1且小于等于20000h-1,烯烃的浓度大于0ppm且小于等于1000ppm,氧气的浓度为10vol.%。
与现有催化剂相比,本发明的优点为:
(1)本发明制备方法简单易行,不会对人体健康和生态环境造成危害。
(2)本发明制备的催化剂中的碱金属作为电子供体,可以增强催化剂的携氧能力和氧移动性,从而增强催化剂的氧化还原能力,提高烯烃催化燃烧工艺的矿化率。
(3)本发明制备的催化剂中的碱金属可以调节催化剂表面的酸性,减弱催化剂对于反应副产物的吸附作用,减缓催化剂的积碳行为,增强催化反应的稳定性,延长催化剂寿命。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例,进一步对本发明进行详细说明:
实施例1
取一定量三水硝酸铜溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于三水硝酸铜的水溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以铜为活性组分的催化剂,催化剂中铜的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例2
取一定量硝酸钠和三水硝酸铜溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于硝酸钠和三水硝酸铜的混合溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以铜为活性组分,以钠为助剂的催化剂,催化剂中钠的负载量为0.1wt.%,铜的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例3
其余与实施例2相同,除催化剂中钠的负载量为0.5wt.%。
实施例4
其余与实施例2相同,除催化剂中钠的负载量为1wt.%。
实施例5
其余与实施例2相同,除催化剂中钠的负载量为2wt.%。
实施例6
取一定量乙酸钾和三水硝酸铜溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于乙酸钾和三水硝酸铜的混合溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以铜为活性组分,以钾为助剂的催化剂,催化剂中钾的负载量为1wt.%,铜的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例7
取一定量乙酸铯和三水硝酸铜溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于乙酸铯和三水硝酸铜的混合溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以铜为活性组分,以铯为助剂的催化剂,催化剂中铯的负载量为1wt.%,铜的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例8
取一定量硝酸钠和乙酸锰溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于硝酸钠和乙酸锰的混合溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以锰为活性组分,以钠为助剂的催化剂,催化剂中钠的负载量为1wt.%,锰的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例9
取一定量硝酸钠和硝酸铈溶于40mL去离子水中,将硅铝比为30的HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于硝酸钠和硝酸铈的混合溶液中,连续搅拌4小时后,在80℃干燥12小时,然后在空气环境中400℃煅烧4小时,得到以铈为活性组分,以钠为助剂的催化剂,催化剂中钠的负载量为1wt.%,铈的负载量为2wt.%。将催化剂筛分至40-60目备用。
实施例10
催化剂的催化燃烧性能测试:取0.4mL上述催化剂放入石英反应管中,以100mL/min的速率通入模拟烟气,其成分包括1000ppm丙烯或正戊烯、10vol.%氧气和平衡气氮气。催化燃烧温度为280℃,空速为15000h-1,不同样品的催化活性、CO2选择性、稳定时长见表1。
表1不同催化剂在280℃的催化活性、CO2选择性和稳定时长
实验编号 | 丙烯转化率 | CO<sub>2</sub>选择性 | 稳定时长 |
实施例1 | 100% | 40% | 50min |
实施例2 | 100% | 46% | 80min |
实施例3 | 100% | 51% | 120min |
实施例4 | 100% | 60% | 大于1000min |
实施例5 | 35% | 84% | 大于1000min |
实施例6 | 100% | 75% | 大于1000min |
实施例7 | 100% | 66% | 大于1000min |
实施例8 | 85% | 62% | 大于1000min |
实施例9 | 77% | 71% | 大于1000min |
实施例9* | 83% | 65% | 大于1000min |
*测试对象为正戊烯,其他均为丙烯。
对比实施例1、2、3、4、5可知,碱金属钠的添加可以显著提高丙烯催化燃烧过程的矿化率,延长催化剂维持初始活性的时间,提升催化剂的稳定性。其中当钠与铜的质量比为1:2时,催化反应的综合表现最好;若铜与钠的质量比提升到2:2,则催化剂酸性过低,对反应物的吸附能力较弱,活性大幅下降。对比实施例4、6、7可知,碱金属对矿化率的提升作用为钾>铯>钠。对比实施例4、8、9可知,过渡金属的氧化性能为铜>锰>铈,但由于铈具有较强的储放氧能力,其对矿化率的提升效果有所增强。实施例9*也显示了该催化剂可以对其他烯烃有同样作用。以上结果证明了碱金属和过渡金属双组分负载型催化剂在催化降解烯烃过程中的优势所在。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的具体实施案例,但本发明专利的技术特征并不局限于此,任何相关领域的技术人员在本发明的领域内,所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本发明的专利范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于烯烃催化燃烧工艺的双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,以氢型分子筛HZSM-5作为载体、负载过渡金属为活性组分、碱金属为助剂;所述活性组分和助剂的总负载量为催化剂重量的0.1~10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述过渡金属为Cu、Mn、Ce中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述碱金属为Na、K、Cs中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~20。
5.根据权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述碱金属和过渡金属在催化剂中以离子或氧化物形式存在。
6.根据权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂,其特征在于,所述HZSM-5的硅铝比为20~50、比表面积为300~500m2/g。
7.一种如权利要求1所述双组分负载型催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将碱金属和过渡金属的前驱体溶于去离子水中,然后将HZSM-5分子筛浸渍于碱金属和过渡金属的混合溶液中,连续搅拌3~5小时后,在75~85℃干燥8~12小时,然后在空气环境中煅烧2~5小时即得;
碱金属的前驱体、过渡金属的前驱体以及HZSM-5分子筛的配比以成品催化剂中碱金属和过渡金属的总负载量为0.1~10%计。
8.根据权利要求7所述制备方法,其特征在于,碱金属的前驱体与过渡金属的前驱体的配比以成品催化剂中碱金属与过渡金属的质量比为1:1~20计。
9.一种烯烃催化燃烧方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将含有烯烃的废气通过如权利要求1~6任一项权利要求所述双组分负载型催化剂,在100-300℃进行催化燃烧。
10.根据权利要求9所述烯烃催化燃烧方法,其特征在于,废气的空速大于0h-1且小于等于30000h-1,烯烃的浓度大于0ppm且小于等于3000ppm,氧气的浓度大于5vol.%且小于等于20vol.%。
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