CN109417510A - 用于内容中心网络中的转发信息库中的临时条目的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于内容中心网络中的转发信息库中的临时条目的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN109417510A
CN109417510A CN201780042009.0A CN201780042009A CN109417510A CN 109417510 A CN109417510 A CN 109417510A CN 201780042009 A CN201780042009 A CN 201780042009A CN 109417510 A CN109417510 A CN 109417510A
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CN109417510B (zh
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克里斯托弗·A·伍德
格伦·C·斯科特
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/028—Dynamic adaptation of the update intervals, e.g. event-triggered updates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/021—Ensuring consistency of routing table updates, e.g. by using epoch numbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/56—Routing software
    • H04L45/566—Routing instructions carried by the data packet, e.g. active networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/742—Route cache; Operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/28—Timers or timing mechanisms used in protocols

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

一个实施例提供了一种帮助对转发信息库(FIB)进行高效管理的系统。在操作期间，该系统通过中间节点接收包括用于从FIB移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符。响应于基于第一兴趣的名称从FIB获取到第一条目，该系统向第一条目添加第一兴趣中包括的条件作为第一条目的生命周期值。响应于确定生命周期值被满足，该系统从FIB移除第一条目，从而帮助中间节点基于由内容产生设备提供的信息高效地管理FIB。

Description

用于内容中心网络中的转发信息库中的临时条目的系统和 方法
相关申请
本申请的主题与以下申请的主题有关：
由发明人伊格纳西奥·索利斯于2013年3月20日提交的名为“ORDERED-ELEMENTNAMING FOR NAME-BASED PACKET FORWARDING”的美国专利申请No.13/847,814(下文称为“美国专利申请No.13/847,814”)；
由发明人范L.雅各布森和戴安娜K.斯梅特斯于2008年12月18日提交的名为“CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF INTERESTS AND CONTENT IN A CONTENT CENTRICNETWORK”的美国专利申请No.12/338,175(下文称为“美国专利申请No.12/338,175”)；以及
由发明人乔斯J.加西亚-露娜-阿克维斯于2014年12月22日提交的名为“SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR EFFICIENT NAME-BASED CONTENT ROUTING USING LINK-STATEINFORMATION IN INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKS”的美国专利申请No.14/579,925(下文称为“美国专利申请No.14/579,925”)。
这些美国专利申请公开的内容通过引用全部结合于此。
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及数字内容分发。更具体地，本公开涉及用于基于转发信息库(FIB)中的临时条目来帮助FIB的高效管理的系统和方法。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务持续增长，创造了巨大数量的数字内容。已经设计出了内容中心网络(CCN)架构，以帮助访问和处理这样的数字内容。CCN包括诸如网络客户端、转发器(例如，路由器)、以及内容产生器之类的实体或节点，这些实体或节点通过发送各种内容项的兴趣分组并反过来接收内容对象分组来彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象由它们的唯一名称标识，这些唯一名称一般是层级结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分。
CCN数据分组(诸如，兴趣或内容对象)基于其名称被路由。名称可以包括名称前缀，该名称前缀是从最一般等级开始的连续名称成分中的一者或多者。可以基于不同的方法，将兴趣分组从中间路由器分发到产生器。路由器可以具有多接入信道，通过这些多接入信道可以到达很多产生器。在第一种方法中，路由器可以向信道广播兴趣，以使所有产生器都接收到该兴趣。第一种方法不要求针对这些产生器创建任何FIB条目。在第二种方法中，路由器可以在信道上向某些接收者产生器多播或单播兴趣。第二种方法要求针对产生器创建FIB条目，因为路由器必须拥有向哪里发送多播或单播消息的知识。但是，在产生器处于移动状态的情况下，第二种方法可能会导致FIB条目消耗比所需要的空间更多的空间。例如，产生器可以针对特定的“原始”路由器广告其名称前缀，并且然后立即移动到另一“新”路由器(例如，经由不同接入点)。在原始路由器处创建的FIB条目不再允许针对先前广告的名称下的内容的兴趣被成功转发到重新定位的产生器。这样的FIB条目消耗了不必要数量的空间，从而会导致系统低效。
发明内容
独立权利要求给出了本发明的多个方面，并且从属权利要求给出了优选特征。一个方面的特征可以单独或者与其他方面组合在一起应用于每个方面。
一个实施例提供了一种帮助转发信息库的高效管理的系统。在操作期间，该系统通过中间节点接收第一兴趣，该第一兴趣包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符。响应于基于第一兴趣的名称从转发信息库获取到第一条目，该系统向第一条目添加第一兴趣中所包括的条件作为第一条目的生命周期值。响应于确定满足生命周期值，该系统从转发信息库移除第一条目，从而帮助中间节点基于内容产生设备提供的信息来高效地管理转发信息库。
在一些实施例中，条件指示绝对时钟值，并且该系统通过检测绝对时钟值的到期来确定满足生命周期值。
在一些实施例中，条件指示陈旧(stale)时钟值，并且该系统通过以下处理确定满足生命周期值：检测到在陈旧时钟值到期之前没有后续兴趣基于第一条目被转发；以及响应于在陈旧时钟值到期之前基于第一条目转发后续兴趣，基于陈旧时钟值重置第一条目的生命周期值。
在一些实施例中，条件还指示兴趣阈值，该兴趣阈值指示在其之后生命周期值将被重置的所转发的兴趣的数目，并且该系统通过以下处理确定满足生命周期值：检测到在陈旧时钟值到期之前少于兴趣阈值的数目的兴趣基于第一条目被转发；以及响应于在陈旧时钟值到期之前基于第一条目转发等于兴趣阈值的数目的后续兴趣，基于陈旧时钟值重置第一条目的生命周期值。
在一些实施例中，条件指示绝对时钟值、陈旧时钟值、兴趣阈值、以及参考计数中的一者或多者，该参考计数是指示在第一条目被从转发信息库移除之前可以基于第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数。该系统通过上述操作并且进一步通过以下操作来确定满足生命周期值：检测绝对时钟值的到期；以及响应于基于第一条目转发兴趣而进行以下操作：将第一条目的生命周期值中指示的参考计数减小一；以及确定参考计数为零。
在一些实施例中，条件还指示参考计数，该参考计数是指示在第一条目被从转发信息库移除之前可以基于第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数。该系统通过以下操作来确定满足生命周期值：响应于向第一条目中指示的输出接口转发第一兴趣或第二兴趣而进行以下操作：将第一条目的生命周期值中指示的参考计数减小一；以及确定参考计数为零。
在一些实施例中，第一兴趣是内容产生设备的针对内容产生设备的域下的内容的广告，并且该广告不要求响应性内容对象并且不会在未决兴趣表中留下状态信息。
本文还描述了用于实现本文描述的系统的包括网络节点、计算机程序、计算机程序产品、计算机可读介质、以及编码在有形介质上的逻辑在内的对应方法和装置。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的帮助转发信息库的高效管理的示例性网络。
图2A示出了根据本发明实施例的指示绝对时钟值的示例性兴趣或广告。
图2B示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2A的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库。
图2C示出了根据本发明实施例的指示陈旧时钟值的示例性兴趣或广告。
图2D示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2C的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库。
图2E示出了根据本发明实施例的指示陈旧时钟值和兴趣阈值的示例性兴趣或广告。
图2F示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2E的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库。
图2G示出了根据本发明实施例的指示参考计数的示例性兴趣或广告。
图2H示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2G的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库。
图2I示出了根据本发明实施例的指示陈旧时钟值和参考计数的示例性兴趣或广告。
图2J示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2I的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库。
图3A示出了根据本发明实施例的中间路由器用于帮助转发信息库的高效管理的方法的流程图。
图3B示出了根据本发明实施例的中间路由器用于帮助转发信息库的高效管理(包括生命周期值的各种条件)的方法的流程图。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的内容产生设备用于帮助转发信息库的高效管理的方法的流程图。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的帮助转发信息库的高效管理的示例性计算机系统。
在附图中，相同的参考标号指代相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出下面的描述以使本领域技术人员能够做出并使用实施例，并且在特定应用及其要求的上下文中提供下面的描述。对所公开的实施例的各种修改对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的，并且本文定义的一般原则可以应用于其他实施例和应用，而不会偏离本公开的精神和范围。因此，本发明不限于所示出的实施例，并且与根据本文公开的原理和特征的最广泛范围一致。
概述
本发明实施例通过使产生器在向网络广告名称前缀时传送生命周期值，解决了在该产生器重新定位后FIB条目存留比必需时间更长时间的问题。生命周期值是控制对应FIB条目的生命周期的条件，使得中间路由器可以在生命周期值被满足时移除FIB条目。
在CCN中，可以基于不同的方法，将兴趣分组从中间路由器分发到产生器。路由器可以具有多接入信道，通过这些多接入信道可以到达很多产生器。在第一种方法中，路由器可以向信道广播兴趣，以使得所有产生器都能接收到兴趣。第一种方法不要求针对这些产生器创建任何FIB条目。在第二种方法中，路由器可以在信道上向某些接收者产生器多播或单播兴趣。第二种方法要求针对产生器创建FIB条目，因为路由器必须拥有向哪里发送多播或单播消息的知识。但是，在产生器处于移动状态的情况下，第二种方法可能会导致FIB条目消耗比所需要的空间更多的空间。例如，产生器可以针对特定的“原始”路由器广告其名称前缀，然后立即移到另一“新”路由器(例如，经由不同的接入点)。在原始路由器处创建的FIB条目不再允许针对先前广告的名称前缀下的内容的兴趣被成功转发给重新定位的产生器。这样的FIB条目消耗了不必要数量的空间，从而会导致系统低效。
本发明实施例通过提供允许产生器在兴趣或广告中包括生命周期值的系统来解决这个问题。生命周期值是这样的条件：在被满足时允许接收路由器从其FIB移除对应的条目，从而释放不必要的空间并产生更高效的系统。生命周期值可以被表示为绝对时钟值、陈旧时钟值、具有兴趣阈值的陈旧时钟值、参考计数、或者它们的任意组合。
绝对时钟时间值是这样的时间，在该时间期间，前缀是有效的。例如，具有5秒的绝对时钟生命周期值的前缀的FIB条目将在5秒后在路由器的FIB中到期。下面结合图2A和2B来描述绝对时钟时间值。
陈旧时钟时间值是这样的时间，在该时间期间，在条目到期之前前缀存在并且没有任何对应兴趣被路由。例如，具有10秒的陈旧时钟生命周期值的前缀的FIB条目将在10秒的不活动(即，在10秒内不基于该FIB条目路由任何兴趣)之后在路由器的FIB中到期。如果兴趣在陈旧时钟生命周期到期之前被路由，则路由器将陈旧时钟生命周期重置为其初始值。例如，如果兴趣在10秒的陈旧时钟生命周期值内被路由，则路由器随后将陈旧时钟生命周期值重置回最初的10秒。下面结合图2C和2D描述陈旧时钟时间值。
具有兴趣阈值的陈旧时钟时间值仅在兴趣阈值被达到之后重置时间值。例如，具有10秒的陈旧时钟生命周期值和兴趣阈值4的前缀的FIB条目将在10秒的不活动以及基于该FIB条目路由少于4个兴趣之后在路由器的FIB中到期。如果四个兴趣在10秒的陈旧时钟窗口内被路由，则路由器随后将陈旧时钟生命周期值重置回最初的10秒。下面结合图2E和2F描述具有兴趣阈值的陈旧时钟时间值。
参考计数是指定在对应FIB条目被移除之前可以由该条目满足的兴趣的数目的整数。例如，具有参考计数生命周期值8的前缀的FIB条目仅可以用于在该条目被移除之前转发8个兴趣。下面结合图2G和2H描述参考计数。
另外，可以组合生命周期值来提供更富表现力的生命周期值，其中，生命周期值基于无论哪个条件首先被满足。例如，具有10秒的陈旧时钟时间和参考计数8的前缀的FIB条目可以在10秒的不活动之后或者转发8个兴趣之后在路由器的FIB中到期(基于哪个条件先出现)。下面结合图2I和2J描述组合生命周期值。
通过使产生器发送包括生命周期值的兴趣并且使接收路由器基于该兴趣修改并管理它们对应的FIB条目，本发明实施例提供了帮助对网络中的FIB进行高效管理的系统。因此，本系统提供了对数字内容分发的改进，其中，这些改进是基础性的技术。本发明实施例提供了对数字内容的高效、安全、以及有效分发的技术问题的技术方案(例如，在兴趣中提供生命周期值，以使中间路由器管理它们的FIB并基于生命周期值移除条目)。
在CCN中，每块内容被单独命名，并且每块数据被绑定到使该数据区别于任何其他块数据(例如，相同数据的其他版本或者来自其他源的数据)的唯一名称。该唯一名称使得网络设备能够通过散布指示唯一名称的兴趣或请求来请求数据，并且可以独立于数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用、或传输手段地获取数据。下面的术语用于描述CCN架构：
内容对象(或“内容对象”)：绑定到唯一名称的单块命名数据。内容对象是“不变的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算设备内移动或者跨不同计算设备地移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任意成分改变，则导致该改变的实体创建包括更新后的内容的新内容对象，并且将新内容对象绑定到新的唯一名称。
唯一名称：CCN中的名称一般独立于位置并且唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发设备可以使用名称或名称前缀来向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发分组，而不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何。在一些实施例中，名称可以是层级结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以被划分为若干层级分成，这些层级成分可以通过各种方式进行结构化。例如，各个名称成分parc、home、ccn、和test.txt可以按照从左到右的前缀主导方式进行结构化，以形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父母”或“前缀”。附加成分可以用于区分诸如合作文档之类的内容项的不同版本。HSVLI还可以包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括诸如从内容对象的数据(例如，校验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素推导出的散列值之类的标识符。基于散列的名称的说明在美国专利申请No.13/847,814中给出，该美国专利申请通过引用结合于此。名称还可以是扁平标签。下文中，“名称”用于指代名称-数据网络中的数据块的任意名称，例如，层级名称或名称前缀、扁平名称、固定长度名称、任意长度名称、或者标签(例如，多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(或“兴趣”)：这样的分组，其指示对于数据块的请求并且包括该数据块的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络上散布请求或兴趣，其中，CCN/NDN路由器可以将该请求或兴趣传播到存储设备(例如，高速缓存服务器)或者数据产生器，该存储设备或数据产生器可以提供所请求的数据以满足请求或兴趣。
表面(face)或接口(或“表面”或“接口”)：在CCN中，术语“表面”是接口概念的概括。表面可以是到网络或者直接到应用方的连接。表面可以被配置为在特定网络接口上发送和接收广播或多播分组，或者使用下层(underlying)传输中的点到点寻址或使用隧道(例如，TCP隧道)来发送和接收分组。表面还可以是经由诸如UDP之类的封装或OS专用进程间通信路径到同一机器上运行的单个应用进程的连接。所有消息通过表面到达并且通过表面被发送出去。在本公开中，术语“邻居”可以与术语“表面”或“接口”交换，指代兴趣的输入或输出接口。
“前缀”：在本公开中，术语“前缀”可以用来指代特定内容对象的名称或者内容对象的名称前缀。可路由的名称前缀可以确定对这样的分组的路由，该分组指示对于数据块的请求并且包括该数据块的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络上散布请求或兴趣，其中，CCN/NDN路由器可以将该请求或兴趣传播向存储设备(例如，高速缓存服务器)或数据产生器，该存储设备或数据产生器可以提供所请求的数据以满足请求或兴趣。
本文公开的方法不限于CCN网络并且还可以应用其他架构。对CCN架构的描述在美国专利申请No.12/338,175中给出，该美国专利申请通过引用结合于此。
示例性网络和通信
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的帮助对转发信息库进行高效管理的示例性网络100。网络100可以包括消费者或内容请求设备116，产生器或内容产生设备118，以及节点102、104、106、108、110、112和114处的路由器或其他转发设备。节点可以是计算机系统、代表用户的端点、和/或可以生成兴趣或产生内容的设备。节点还可以是边缘路由器(例如，CCN节点102、104、112和114)或核心路由器(例如，中间CCN路由器106、108和110)。网络100可以是内容中心网络。
产生器或设备118可以具有初始前缀“/p/op”120，并且可以在短时间段后改变其前缀(例如，改变为更新后的前缀“/p/np”122)。产生器118可以发送具有名称“/p/op/adv/a/b”152和生命周期条件“abs_time＝5sec”154的兴趣或广告150，该生命周期条件指示针对名称前缀“/p/op”的FIB条目的5秒的绝对时钟时间值。兴趣150可以在到达消费者或设备116之前经由中间节点114、112、110和102行进通过网络100。这些中间节点中的每个中间节点可以基于兴趣150中包括的生命周期条件来更新其FIB。例如，节点110可以具有FIB 130，FIB 130具有包括名称前缀132、输出接口134、以及生命周期值136的条目。节点110可以接收兴趣150，基于名称前缀“/p/op”从FIB 130获取匹配条目130.1，并且将匹配条目130.1的生命周期值136设置为兴趣150中包括的生命周期条件154(即，“abs_time＝5sec”)。
随后，节点110可以确定条目130.1的生命周期值136被满足(例如，5秒的绝对时钟时间值到期)并且从FIB 130移除条目130.1。这样，产生器118可以针对特定名称前缀向中间路由器传送生命周期条件或生命周期值，这使得中间路由器能够基于生命周期值来移除对应的条目。因此，该系统通过使路由器移除不必要的FIB条目来帮助临时FIB条目，这可以释放不必要的空间并且可以使得系统更高效。
示例性的兴趣/广告和转发信息库
图2A示出了根据本发明实施例的指示绝对时钟值的示例性兴趣或广告200。兴趣200可以包括名称“/p/op/adv/a/b”202和生命周期条件“abs_time＝5sec”204，该生命周期条件指示对应条目在5秒后将从FIB被移除。
图2B示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2A的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库210。FIB 210可以包括具有名称前缀212、输出接口214、和生命周期值216的条目。FIB 210可以包括具有名称前缀“/p/op”、输出接口“{IF_102,...}”、和生命周期值“abs_time＝5sec”的条目220.1。条目220.1对应于由路由器基于接收和处理兴趣200而对FIB 210执行的更新。
图2C示出了根据本发明实施例的指示陈旧时钟值的示例性兴趣或广告220。兴趣220可以包括名称“/p/op/adv/a/b/”222和生命周期条件“stale_time＝10sec”224。生命周期条件224指示对应的FIB条目将在10秒的不活动之后被移除，并且生命周期条件224将在兴趣在陈旧时钟时间(即，10秒)内基于FIB条目被路由的情况下被重置为初始值(即，10秒)。
图2D示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2C的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库230。FIB 230可以包括具有名称前缀“/p/op”、输出接口“{IF_102,...}”、以及生命周期值“stale_time＝10sec”的条目230.1。条目230.1对应于由路由器基于接收和处理兴趣220而对FIB 230执行的更新。
图2E示出了根据本发明实施例的指示陈旧时钟值和兴趣阈值的示例性兴趣或广告240。兴趣240可以包括名称“/p/op/adv/a/b”242和生命周期条件“stale_time＝10sec；int_threshold＝4”244。生命周期条件244指示对应FIB条目将在10秒的不活动之后以及在少于4个兴趣在陈旧时钟时间(即，10秒)内基于FIB条目被路由的情况下被移除。生命周期条件244还指示生命周期条件244在4个兴趣在陈旧时钟时间(即，10秒)内基于FIB条目被路由的情况下将被重置为初始值(即，10秒)。
图2F示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2E的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库250。FIB 250可以包括具有名称前缀“/p/op”、输出接口“{IF_102，...}”、和生命周期值“stale_time＝10sec；int_threshold＝4”的条目250.1。条目250.1对应于由路由器基于接收和处理兴趣240而对FIB 250执行的更新。
图2G示出了根据本发明实施例的指示参考计数的示例性兴趣或广告260。兴趣260可以包括名称“/p/op/adv/a/b”262和生命周期条件“ref_count＝8”264，该生命周期条件指示对应条目将在8个兴趣基于FIB条目被路由之后被从FIB移除。
图2H示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2G的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库270。FIB 270可以包括具有名称前缀“/p/op”、输出接口“{IF_102,...}”、和生命周期值“ref_count＝8”的条目270.1。条目270.1对应于由路由器基于接收和处理兴趣260而对FIB 270执行的更新。
在一些实施例中，可以组合一个或多个生命周期条件，其中，基于无论哪个条件首先被满足来确定FIB条目的生命周期值是否被满足。上面结合图2E-2F(组合陈旧时钟值和兴趣阈值)并且下面结合图2I-2J(组合陈旧时钟值和参考计数)描述了这样的组合的示例。
图2I示出了根据本发明实施例的其中的条件指示陈旧时钟值和参考计数的示例性兴趣或广告280。兴趣280可以包括名称“/p/op/adv/a/b/”282和生命周期条件“stale_time＝10sec；ref_count＝8”284，该生命周期条件指示对应条目将在10秒的不活动之后或者在8个兴趣基于FIB条目被路由之后被从FIB移除(基于哪个条件首先被满足)。另外，如果兴趣在陈旧时钟时间(即，10秒)内基于FIB条目被路由，则生命周期条件284的陈旧时钟时间值将被重置为初始值(即，10秒)。
图2J示出了根据本发明实施例的基于图2I的示例性兴趣或广告来更新的示例性转发信息库290。FIB 290可以包括具有名称前缀“/p/op”、输出接口“{IF_102,...}”、和生命周期值“stale_time＝10sec；ref_count＝8”的条目290.1。条目290.1对应于由路由器基于接收兴趣280而对FIB270执行的更新。
中间路由器利用生命周期条件处理兴趣
图3A示出了根据本发明实施例的中间路由器用于帮助对转发信息库进行高效管理的方法的流程图300。在操作期间，系统通过中间路由器接收包括用于从FIB移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣(操作302)。系统基于第一兴趣的名称在FIB中执行对于第一条目的查找(操作304)。如果在FIB中没有获取或找到第一条目(判定306)，则系统丢弃第一兴趣(操作308)并且操作返回。如果在FIB中获取到或找到第一兴趣(判定306)，则系统向第一条目添加第一兴趣中包括的条件作为第一条目的生命周期值(操作310)。系统转发第一兴趣(操作312)(例如，经由与用于广告或第一兴趣的路径相对应的输出接口)。如果系统确定生命周期值被满足(判定314)，则操作如图3B的标签A处所描述地继续进行，并且系统从FIB移除第一条目(操作316)。如果生命周期值未被满足，则系统等待并且继续确定生命周期值是否被满足。
图3B示出了根据本发明实施例的中间路由器用于帮助包括生命周期值的各种条件的转发信息库进行高效管理的方法的流程图350。在操作期间，系统可以确定四个不同类型的条件。当条件指示绝对时钟值(操作322)时，系统检测绝对时钟值的操作(操作324)，并且操作返回(即，在图3A的操作316处继续进行，其中，系统从FIB移除第一或对应条目)。当条件指示陈旧时钟值(操作332)时，系统确定其在陈旧时钟时间到期之前是否转发后续兴趣(判定334)。如果系统在陈旧时钟时间内转发后续兴趣，则系统基于陈旧时钟值重置第一条目的生命周期值(操作336)，并且操作在图3A的操作314处继续进行(即，确定生命周期值是否被满足)。如果系统在陈旧时钟时间到期之前不转发后续兴趣(判定334)，则系统检测到在陈旧时钟时间到期之前没有后续兴趣被转发，并且操作返回(即，在操作316处继续进行)。
当条件指示陈旧时钟值和兴趣阈值(IT)数目(操作342)时，系统确定其在陈旧时钟时间到期之前是否转发小于或等于IT数目的后续兴趣(判定344)。如果其未如此，则操作返回(即，在操作316处继续进行)。如果其如此，则系统基于陈旧时钟时间重置第一条目的生命周期值(操作336)，并且操作在操作314处继续进行。
当条件指示参考计数(操作352)时，系统将第一兴趣或第二兴趣转发到第一条目中指示的输出接口(操作354)。系统将第一条目中指示的参考计数减小1(操作356)。如果参考计数等于零(判定358)，则操作在操作316处继续进行。如果参考计数不等于零(判定358)，则操作在操作314处继续进行。
内容产生设备帮助对FIB的高效管理
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的内容产生设备用于帮助对转发信息库进行高效管理的方法的流程图400。在操作期间，系统通过内容产生设备生成第一兴趣，该第一兴趣包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称，其中，第一兴趣是内容产生设备的针对在内容产生设备的域下的内容的广告(操作402)。广告不需要响应性内容对象，并且不会在未决信息表中留下状态信息。系统发送第一兴趣，这使得接收中间路由器进行以下操作：基于第一兴趣的名称获取匹配的FIB条目；通过向匹配条目添加作为匹配条目的生命周期值的条件来更新中间路由器的FIB；以及响应于确定生命周期值被满足，从中间路由器的FIB移除匹配条目(操作404)。
示例性计算机系统
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的帮助对转发信息库进行高效管理的示例性计算机系统502。计算机系统502包括处理器504、存储器506、以及存储设备508。存储器506可以包括用作被管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如，RAM)，并且可以被用来存储一个或多个内存池。另外，计算机系统502可以耦合到显示设备510、键盘512、以及指示设备514。存储设备508可以存储操作系统516、内容处理系统518、以及数据528。
内容处理系统518可以包括指令，这些指令在被计算机系统502执行时可以使得计算机系统502执行本公开中描述的方法和/或过程。具体地，内容处理系统518可以包括用于跨诸如内容中心网络之类的计算机网络地发送和/或接收去往/来自其他网络节点的数据分组的指令(通信模块520)。数据分组可以包括广告、兴趣分组、或具有名称的内容对象分组，该名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的HSVLI。
另外，内容处理系统518可以包括用于通过中间节点接收第一兴趣的指令(通信模块520)，该第一兴趣包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于响应于基于第一兴趣的名称从FIB获取到第一条目(FIB查找模块522)，向第一条目添加第一兴趣中包括的条件作为第一条目的生命周期值的指令(FIB更新模块524)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于确定生命周期值被满足(条件检测模块526)而从FIB移除第一条目的指令。
内容处理系统518还可以包括用于检测条件中指示的绝对时钟值的到期的指令(条件检测模块526)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于检测在陈旧时钟值到期之前没有后续兴趣基于第一条目被转发(条件检测模块526)，并且响应于在陈旧时钟值到期之前基于第一条目转发后续兴趣(通信模块520)而基于陈旧时钟值重置第一条目的生命周期值(FIB更新模块524)的指令。
内容处理系统518可以附加地包括用于检测在陈旧时钟值到期之前少于兴趣阈值的数目的兴趣基于第一条目被转发的指令(条件检测模块526)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于在陈旧时钟值到期之前基于第一条目转发等于兴趣阈值的数目的后续兴趣(通信模块520和条件检测模块526)而基于陈旧时钟值重置第一条目的生命周期值(FIB更新模块524)的指令。
内容处理系统518还可以包括用于进行以下操作的指令：响应于将第一兴趣或第二兴趣转发到第一条目中指示的输出接口(通信模块520)，将第一条目的生命周期值中指示的参考计数减小1(FIB更新模块524)，并且确定参考计数为零(条件检测模块526)。
数据528可以包括需要作为输入由本公开描述的方法和/或过程生成或者作为输出由本公开描述的方法和/或处理生成的任意数据。具体地，数据528至少可以存储：兴趣；广告；内容对象；名称；作为包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的HSVLI的名称；指示从最一般等级开始的一个或多个连续名称成分的可路由前缀或名称前缀；条件；包括名称和条件的兴趣；生命周期条件或生命周期值；绝对时钟时间值；陈旧时钟时间值；兴趣阈值；参考计数；转发信息库(FIB)；FIB条目；具有名称、输出接口的列表、生命周期值的FIB条目；未决兴趣表(PIT)；内容存储区或本地高速缓存；针对在内容产生设备的域下的内容的广告；不要求响应性内容对象的兴趣；以及不会在PIT中留下状态的兴趣。
在摘要中，一个实施例提供了一种帮助对转发信息库(FIB)进行高效管理的系统。在操作期间，系统通过中间节点接收包括用于从FIB移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣，其中，名称是层级结构的可变长度标识符，该可变长度标识符包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分。响应于基于第一兴趣的名称从FIB获取到第一条目，系统向第一条目添加第一兴趣中包括的条件作为第一条目的生命周期值。响应于确定生命周期值被满足，系统从FIB移除第一条目，从而帮助中间节点基于内容产生设备提供的信息来高效地管理FIB。
本具体实施方式中描述的数据结构和代码一般被存储在计算机可读存储介质中，该计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储供计算机系统使用的代码和/或数据的任意设备或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于，易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储设备(例如，磁盘驱动、磁带、CD(压缩盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))、或者现在已知或以后开发的能够用于存储计算机可读媒体的其他媒介。
具体实施方式部分描述的方法和过程可以具体化为代码和/或数据，该代码和/或数据可以存储在如上所述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读取并执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行被具体化为数据结构和代码并被存储在计算机可读存储介质内的方法和过程。
另外，上述方法和过程可以被包括在硬件模块中。例如，硬件模块可以包括但不限于，专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、和现在已知或以后开发的其他可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，硬件模块执行硬件模块中所包括的方法和过程。
仅出于图示和描述的目的，给出了本发明的实施例的上述描述。它们不是穷尽性的或不用于将本发明限制到所公开的形式。因此，很多变形和修改对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。另外，以上公开不用于限制本发明。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于帮助转发信息库中的临时条目的计算机系统，包括：
处理器；以及
存储指令的存储设备，所述指令在被所述处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行一种方法，该方法包括：
通过中间节点接收第一兴趣，该第一兴趣包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符；
响应于基于所述第一兴趣的所述名称从所述转发信息库获取到所述第一条目，向所述第一条目添加所述第一兴趣中包括的所述条件作为所述第一条目的生命周期值；以及
响应于确定所述生命周期值被满足，从所述转发信息库移除所述第一条目，
从而帮助所述中间节点基于由内容产生设备提供的信息高效地管理所述转发信息库。
2.如权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的计算机系统，其中，所述条件指示陈旧时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前没有后续兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
4.如权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中，所述条件还指示兴趣阈值，该兴趣阈值指示在其之后所述生命周期值将被重置的所转发的兴趣的数目，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前少于所述兴趣阈值的数目的兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发等于所述兴趣阈值的数目的后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
5.如权利要求4所述的计算机系统，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值、所述陈旧时钟值、所述兴趣阈值、以及参考计数中的一者或多者，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足还包括以下各项中的一项或多项：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期；以及
响应于基于所述第一条目转发兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的计算机系统，其中，所述条件还指示参考计数，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
响应于向所述第一条目中指示的输出接口转发所述第一兴趣或第二兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的计算机系统，其中，所述第一兴趣是所述内容产生设备的针对在所述内容产生设备的域下的内容的广告，并且其中，所述广告不需要响应性内容对象并且不会在未决兴趣表中留下状态信息。
8.一种用于帮助转发信息库中的临时条目的计算机实现的方法，包括：
通过中间节点接收包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符；
响应于基于所述第一兴趣的所述名称从所述转发信息库获取到所述第一条目，向所述第一条目添加所述第一兴趣中包括的所述条件作为所述第一条目的生命周期值；以及
响应于确定所述生命周期值被满足，从所述转发信息库移除所述第一条目，
从而帮助所述中间节点基于由内容产生设备提供的信息来高效地管理所述转发信息库。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，所述条件指示陈旧时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前没有后续兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述条件还指示兴趣阈值，该兴趣阈值指示在其之后所述生命周期值将被重置的所转发的兴趣的数目，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前少于所述兴趣阈值的数目的兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发等于所述兴趣阈值的数目的后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值、所述陈旧时钟值、所述兴趣阈值、以及参考计数中的一者或多者，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足还包括以下各项中的一项或多项：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期；以及
响应于基于所述第一条目转发兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
13.如权利要求8至12中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述条件还指示参考计数，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
响应于向所述第一条目中指示的输出接口转发所述第一兴趣或第二兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
14.如权利要求8至13中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一兴趣是所述内容产生设备的针对在所述内容产生设备的域下的内容的广告，并且其中，所述广告不需要响应性内容对象并且不会在未决兴趣表中留下状态信息。
15.一种存储指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令在被计算机执行时使得所述计算机执行一种方法，该方法包括：
通过中间节点接收包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符；
响应于基于所述第一兴趣的所述名称从所述转发信息库获取到所述第一条目，向所述第一条目添加所述第一兴趣中包括的所述条件作为所述第一条目的生命周期值；以及
响应于确定所述生命周期值被满足，从所述转发信息库移除所述第一条目，
从而帮助所述中间节点基于由内容产生设备提供的信息来高效地管理所述转发信息库。
16.如权利要求15所述的存储介质，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期。
17.如权利要求15或16所述的存储介质，其中，所述条件指示陈旧时钟值，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前没有后续兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
18.如权利要求17所述的存储介质，其中，所述条件还指示兴趣阈值，该兴趣阈值指示在其之后所述生命周期值将被重置的所转发的兴趣的数目，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
检测在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前少于所述兴趣阈值的数目的兴趣基于所述第一条目被转发；以及
响应于在所述陈旧时钟值到期之前基于所述第一条目转发等于所述兴趣阈值的数目的后续兴趣，基于所述陈旧时钟值重置所述第一条目的所述生命周期值。
19.如权利要求18所述的存储介质，其中，所述条件指示绝对时钟值、所述陈旧时钟值、所述兴趣阈值、以及参考计数中的一者或多者，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括以下各项中的一项或多项：
检测所述绝对时钟值的到期；以及
响应于基于所述第一条目转发兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
20.如权利要求15至19中任一项所述的存储介质，其中，所述条件还指示参考计数，所述参考计数是指示在所述第一条目要被从所述转发信息库移除之前能够基于所述第一条目被转发的兴趣的数目的整数，并且其中，确定所述生命周期值被满足包括：
响应于向所述第一条目中指示的输出接口转发所述第一兴趣或第二兴趣而进行以下操作：
将所述第一条目的所述生命周期值中指示的所述参考计数减小一；以及
确定所述参考计数为零。
21.一种用于帮助转发信息库中的临时条目的装置，该装置包括：
用于在中间节点处接收包括用于从转发信息库移除第一条目的条件和名称的第一兴趣的部件，其中，名称是包括从最一般等级到最特定等级排序的连续名称成分的层级结构的可变长度标识符；
用于响应于基于所述第一兴趣的所述名称从所述转发信息库获取到所述第一条目而向所述第一条目添加所述第一兴趣中包括的所述条件作为所述第一条目的生命周期值的部件；以及
用于响应于确定所述生命周期值被满足而从所述转发信息库移除所述第一条目的部件，
从而帮助所述中间节点基于由内容产生设备提供的信息高效地管理所述转发信息库。
22.如权利要求21所述的装置，还包括用于实现根据权利要求9至14中任一项的方法的部件。
23.一种计算机程序、计算机程序产品或逻辑，编码在有形计算机可读介质上，包括用于实现根据权利要求8至14中任一项的方法的指令。
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