CN108886536B - 在内容中心网络中调整转发信号库中的条目的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一个实施例提供了一种促进在CCN中动态调整转发信息的系统。在操作期间,系统通过转发电路接收具有名称的兴趣,名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的分层结构的可变长度标识符。系统在第一数据结构中标识针对名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目,其中条目包括与一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表。系统响应于将兴趣转发至列表中的第一接口,确定网络属性。系统基于网络属性按照优先级顺序对列表进行重新排序,从而促进转发电路动态调整使用相应接口转发与一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性。
Description
发明人:Christopher A.Wood和Glenn C.Scott
相关申请
本申请的主题涉及以下申请中的主题:
于2013年3月20日提交的、发明人为Ignacio Solis的、序列号为13/847,814(代理人案号:PARC-20120537-US-NP)的、题为“用于基于名称的分组转发的有序元素命名(ORDERED-ELEMENT NAMING FOR NAME-BASED PACKET FORWARDING)”的美国专利申请(以下简称“序列号为13/847,814的美国专利申请”);
于2008年12月18日提交的、发明人为Van L.Jacobson和Diana K.Smetters的、序列号为12/338,175(代理人案号:PARC-20080626-US-NP)的、题为“在内容中心网络中控制兴趣和内容的传播(CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF INTERESTS AND CONTENT IN A CONTENTCENTRIC NETWORK)”的美国专利申请(以下简称“序列号为12/338,175的美国专利申请”);以及
于2015年9月24日提交的、发明人为Jose J.Garcia-Luna-Aceves的、序列号为14/864,571(代理人案号:PARC-20150647US01)、题为“用于在信息中心网络中消除未检测到的兴趣循环的系统和方法(SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ELIMINATING UNDETECTED INTERESTLOOPING IN INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKS)”的美国专利申请(以下简称“序列号为14/864,571的美国专利申请”);
它们的公开内容通过引用以其整体合并于此。
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及数字内容的分发。更具体地说,本公开涉及一种用于在内容中心网络中调整转发信息库中的条目的方法和系统。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的激增持续创建大量的数字内容。内容中心网络(CCN)架构已被设计成便于访问和处理这样的数字内容。CCN包括实体或节点,例如,网络客户端、转发器(例如,路由器)和内容生成器,它们通过发送对各种内容项目的兴趣分组并反过来接收内容对象分组来彼此进行通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象是由其唯一的名称进行标识的,该名称通常是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量。CCN转发器(例如,中间节点或路由器)可以基于兴趣和内容对象的名称来接收和转发兴趣和内容对象。转发器可以基于三种数据结构来实现本地转发策略:待处理兴趣表(PIT),其记录路由器已转发但尚未满足的所有兴趣;转发信息库(FIB),其是将名称前缀映射至输出接口的路由表;以及内容存储器(CS),其是转发器接收的数据分组的临时缓存。
FIB可以用基于名称前缀的路由协议进行填充,且FIB条目可以包括针对名称前缀的多个输出接口的列表。给定具有名称前缀(该名称前缀在相应FIB条目中具有多个输出接口)的兴趣,转发器可以确定如何转发该兴趣。例如,转发器可以通过将兴趣转发至第一列出的接口并等待响应,来将兴趣按顺序转发至接口。如果转发器接收到兴趣返回消息(指示上游错误或故障)或发生超时,则转发器可以将兴趣转发至下一个列出的输出接口。然而,该顺序或“串行”策略(类似于深度优先网络遍历)可能导致网络中效率低下。作为替代,转发器可以通过将兴趣并行转发至所有列出的接口来将兴趣作为组播消息进行转发。然而,这可能在网络中引入额外的和不必要的流量,这也可能导致网络中的效率低下。
虽然CCN为网络带来了许多所需的特性,但是对于转发器而言,在确定用于转发具有在FIB中列出的多个输出接口的兴趣的转发策略方面,仍然有一些问题未解决。
发明内容
一个实施例提供了一种促进动态调整CCN中的转发信息的系统。在操作期间,系统通过转发电路接收具有名称的兴趣,名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的分层结构的可变长度标识符。系统在第一数据结构中标识针对名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目,其中条目包括与一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表。系统响应于将兴趣转发至输出接口列表中的第一接口,确定网络属性。系统基于网络属性按照优先级顺序对输出接口列表进行重新排序,从而促进转发电路动态调整使用相应接口转发与一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性。
在一些实施例中,系统从经重新排序的列表选择第二接口并将兴趣转发至第二接口。
在一些实施例中,系统记录往返时间,往返时间开始于当将兴趣转发至第一接口时,并且结束于当从第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时。系统对列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于相应接口的较短往返时间的。
在一些实施例中,系统从第一接口接收指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息。系统对列表进行重新排序以指示第一接口处于比具有记录的往返时间的第二接口更低的优先级,其中往返时间开始于当将兴趣转发至第二接口时,并且结束于当从第二接口接收到响应式内容对象时。
在一些实施例中,第一数据结构是转发信息库,并且转发信息库中的条目还包括针对输出接口列表中的相应接口的下列中的一个或多个:指示往返时间的指示符,往返时间开始于当将兴趣转发至第一接口时,并且结束于当从第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;指示接收到指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指示符;以及指示待处理兴趣表中的条目的超时的指示符,其中超时指示在条目到期之前尚未接收到对兴趣的响应式内容对象。
在一些实施例中,一个或多个名称分量包括名称前缀,并且一个或多个名称分量为从最一般级别开始的连续名称分量。
在一些实施例中,响应于在将兴趣转发至第一接口之后在第二数据结构中检测到针对兴趣的条目的超时,系统从列表移除第一接口或将第一接口重新排序至列表中的最低优先级。
在一些实施例中,第二数据结构为待处理兴趣表,并且待处理兴趣表中的条目包括:兴趣名称;输入接口列表,兴趣从该输入接口被接收;输出接口列表,兴趣被转发至该输出接口;以及到期时间,该到期时间指示针对待处理兴趣表中的条目的有效期。
在一些实施例中,系统基于网络属性来计算针对每个输出接口的权重。系统对列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于针对相应接口的较大计算权重的。
在一些实施例中,系统基于在一段时间内确定的网络属性执行功能,其中该段时间是预定值或用户定义值。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算网络。
图1B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算网络。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中的动态调整转发信息的系统中的示例性通信表。
图3呈现了根据本发明的一个实施例的由转发设备执行的用于在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的方法的流程图。
图4呈现了根据本发明的一个实施例的由转发设备执行的用于在内容中心网络中确定网络属性并且动态调整转发信息的方法的流程图。
图5示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算机和通信系统。
在附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的附图元素。
具体实施方式
以下描述被呈现以使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用实施例,并且以下描述在特定应用及其要求的背景下提供。对于本领域的技术人员来说,对所公开的实施例的各种修改是显而易见的,并且在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以将本文定义的一般原理应用于其他实施例和应用。因此,本发明不限于示出的实施例,而是与符合本文公开的原理和特征的最宽范围相一致。
概述
在独立权利要求中阐述了本发明的各方面,并且在从属权利要求中阐述了优选特征。一个方面的特征可以单独地或与其他方面相组合地应用于各方面。
本发明的实施例通过提供允许转发器基于网络反馈动态调整FIB条目的系统,来解决确定有效转发策略的问题。FIB条目对应于兴趣名称的名称前缀,并且可以包括一个或多个输出接口的列表,该输出接口指定下一跳邻居,转发器可以通过该下一跳邻居将兴趣转发至能够返回响应式内容的目的地节点。在多个输出接口的情况下,转发器可以确定如何转发兴趣。例如,转发器可以通过将兴趣转发至第一个列出的接口并等待响应来使用顺序转发方法。如果转发器接收到错误消息,转发器则能够将兴趣转发至下一个列出的接口。然而,该顺序或串行方法(类似于网络的深度优先遍历)可能导致网络效率低下。在另一个实例中,转发器可以将兴趣同时转发到所有列出的输出接口。然而,该组播或并行方法也可能导致网络效率低下。
本发明的实施例通过允许转发器响应于经由给定的输出接口发送兴趣而观察网络属性,并使用网络属性来调整输出接口列表的顺序或优先级,来解决这些效率低下。转发器可以观察网络属性,例如,用于经由给定的接口发送兴趣并接收相应的内容对象的往返时间。转发器还可以观察网络属性,例如,接收(例如,在上游节点处)指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息。转发器还可以基于被发送至给定输出接口的兴趣来确定PIT条目的超时。
转发器可以在FIB条目中记录这些网络属性,并基于优先级来对输出接口列表进行重新排序。例如,假定对编号为P1-Pi的端口进行顺序处理,如果被发送至端口P1的第一兴趣返回兴趣返回消息,并且被发送至端口P2的第二兴趣返回具有10毫秒的往返时间的响应式内容对象,则转发器可以对列表进行重新排序,以使得P2具有比P1更高的优先级。如果被发送至端口P3的第三兴趣返回具有5毫秒的往返时间的响应式内容对象,则转发器可以对列表进行重新排序,以使得P3具有比P1和P2更高的优先级。如果被发送至端口P4的第四兴趣产生相应的PIT条目的超时,则转发器可以从列表移除P4或将P4移至列表的末尾。因此,转发器可以通过使用观察的网络属性对输出接口的列表进行优先级化和重新排序,来动态调整被包括在FIB条目中的转发信息。系统促进转发器动态调整使用相应接口来转发与如在FIB中列出的给定的名称前缀相关联的兴趣的可能性。转发器还可以基于针对相应输出接口的去往最近的锚点(例如,可以满足兴趣的节点)的跳数来调整FIB条目,这消除了未检测到的兴趣循环,如在序列号为14/864,571的美国专利申请中描述的。
在CCN中和在本公开中所述的实例中,每条内容都被单独命名,且每条数据被绑定至唯一名称,该唯一名称将数据与任何其他条数据,诸如相同数据的其他版本或源于其他来源的数据区分开。该唯一名称允许网络装置通过传播指示唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据,并且可以独立于数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和运输工具来获得数据。下列术语被用于描述CCN架构:
内容对象或“内容对象(Content Object)”:被绑定至唯一名称的单个命名数据。内容对象是“持久的”,这意味着内容对象可以在计算设备内或跨不同的计算设备移动,但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组件发生改变,则进行改变的实体将创建包括更新内容的新内容对象,并且将新内容对象绑定至新唯一名称。
唯一名称(Unique Name):CCN中的名称通常与位置无关,并且唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发设备能够使用名称或名称前缀来将分组转发到生成或存储内容对象的网络节点,而不管用于内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何。在一些实施例中,名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI能够被分成几个分层分量,其可以以各种方式构建。例如,各个名称分量pare、home、ccn和test.txt可以用左向主要前缀方式(left-orientedprefix-major fashion)来构造以形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此,名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。可以使用附加分量来区分内容项目的不同版本,例如,协作文档。在一些实施例中,名称可以包括非分层标识符,例如,从内容对象的数据导出的哈希值(例如,校验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素导出的哈希值。在序列号为13/847,814的美国专利申请中描述了基于哈希的名称。名称还可以是扁平标签。在下文中,“名称”被用于表示针对名称-数据网络中的一条数据的任何名称,例如,分层名称或名称前缀、扁平名称、固定长度的名称、任意长度的名称或标签(例如,多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣或“兴趣(Interest)”:指示对一条数据的请求并包括针对该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)的分组。数据消费者可以跨信息中心网络传播请求或兴趣,其中CCN路由器可以将请求或兴趣传播到能够提供所请求的数据以满足请求或兴趣的存储设备(例如,缓存服务器)或数据生产者。
面或“面(Face)”:在CCN中,术语面是接口概念的概括。面可以是去往网络或直接去往应用方的连接。面可以被配置成在特定网络接口上发送和接收广播或组播分组,或使用在底层传输中的点对点寻址或使用隧道(例如,TCP隧道)来发送和接收分组。面也可以是经由像UDP的封装或OS特定的进程间通信路径至在相同机器上运行的单个应用进程的连接。所有消息都通过面到达且通过面发送出去。在本公开中,术语“邻居”和“接口”可与术语“面”互换,指的是兴趣的输入或输出接口。
本文公开的方法不限于CCN网络且也适用于其他架构。在序列号为12/338,175的美国专利申请中描述了CCN架构,其通过引用合并于此。
还公开了用于实现本文所描述的方法的系统和设备,包括用于实现方法的网络节点、在有形介质上进行编码的计算机程序、计算机程序产品、计算机可读介质和逻辑。
示例性计算网络
图1A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算网络100。网络100可以包括消费者或客户端计算装置116、生成器或内容生成装置118和路由器或在节点102、104、106、108、110、112和114处的其他转发设备。内容请求装置116可以包括智能手机116.1、平板电脑116.2和/或个人计算装置H6.p(例如,膝上型电脑)。节点可以是计算机系统、表示用户的端点和/或能够产生兴趣或发起内容的装置。节点还可以是边缘路由器(例如,CCN节点102、104、112和114)或核心路由器(例如,中间CCN路由器106、108和110)。网络100可以是内容中心网络。路由器可以维护转发信息库(FIB)和待处理兴趣表(PIT)。
在操作期间,消费者或客户端计算装置116可以产生具有为“/a/b/c/d”的名称130.1的兴趣130。兴趣130可以在到达生成器或内容生成装置118之前经节点102、110和112经过网络100。节点110可以是路由器或转发设备,且可以维护具有包括名称前缀142和输出接口列表144的条目的FIB 140。例如,FIB 140可以包括用于名称前缀“/a”的条目,其具有输出面列表,该输出面列表包括与节点112、106、108和114相对应的信息(例如,分别为P4_112、P1_106、P2_108和P3_114)。包括在输出面列表中的信息还可以对应于在节点110上的端口,兴趣可以通过该端口被转发至下一跳邻居。FIB 140还可以包括用于名称前缀“/a/c”的条目,其具有输出面列表,该输出面列表包括与节点114和112中的每一个相对应的信息(例如,P3_114和P4_114)。如上所述,FIB可以用基于名称前缀的路由协议进行填充,且转发器可以使用顺序(串行)或同时组播(并行)方法来基于在相应的FIB条目中的输出面列表转发兴趣。基于顺序方法,节点110可以经相应的面(例如,P4_112)将兴趣130转发至节点112。兴趣130可以经节点112到达装置118,且装置118可以返回具有为“/a/b/c/d”的匹配名称132.1的响应式内容对象132以及为“<数据>”的有效载荷132.2,其在反向路径上作为兴趣130返回至装置116。节点110可以基于发送兴趣130和经由P4_112面接收内容对象132来观察各种网络属性,且节点110可以随后对与名称前缀“/a”相对应的FIB条目的输出面列表进行重新排序。
图1B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算网络150。图1B对应于图1A并列出了示出本发明的实施例的附加元素。在图1B的网络150中,节点110是从下游节点接收兴趣130的中间节点、路由器或转发设备。节点110维护FIB 140和待处理兴趣表(PIT)170。FIB 140包括条目,其包括名称前缀142和输出面列表144。用于名称前缀“/a”的条目可以包括输出面P0-Pi的列表,其对应于在图1B中所描绘的端口或面。例如,P0 150是对应于下一跳邻居节点106的端口或面,P1 152对应于节点108,P2 154对应于节点114,P3 156对应于节点112,且Pi 158对应于节点116(未在图1A中进行描绘)。
用于名称前缀“/a”的部分FIB条目141可以对应于源于输出面列表中的一个输出面且可以包括下列内容:输出面146.1;往返时间(RTT)146.2,其指出开始于当将兴趣转发至输出面146.1时并且结束于当从输出面146.1接收到响应式内容对象时的时间量;兴趣返回146.3指示符,其指示在上游节点处的错误情况或故障;以及PIT超时146.4指示符,其指示在相应的PIT条目到期之前尚未接收到对兴趣的响应式内容对象。例如,部分FIB条目141指示针对名称前缀“/a/”的输出面列表中的一个面的信息,包括:输出面P0;具有为“空”的默认值的RTT;具有为“0”的默认值的兴趣返回(IR)指示符;以及具有为“0”的默认值的PIT条目超时(PT)指示符。默认值指示尚未确定用于相应面的网络属性。在一些实施例中,兴趣返回消息可以指示附加网络信息,例如,与上游路由器相关联的拥塞、抖动和丢包率。
PIT 170可以包括具有兴趣名称172、输入面列表174、输出面列表176和到期时间178的条目。例如,用于兴趣名称“/a/b/c/d”的条目可以包括:输入面PINC(例如,PINC 160),其对应于前一跳邻居,其中从该前一跳邻居接收兴趣130(例如,在图1A中所示的节点102);输出面P0和P1,其对应于下一跳邻居,其中将兴趣130转发至该下一跳邻居;以及具有为“8秒”的值的到期时间。到期时间可以用相对时间(例如,8秒)或绝对时间(例如,格林尼治标准时间下午9:10:00:00:08)。注意,出现在节点112和116之间的虚线指示可以是节点110的其他下一跳邻居的并且其对应的面也可以包括在输出面列表144中的附加节点(未示出)。
示例性通信
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的系统中的示例性通信表。表200中描绘的通信对应于图1B的系统。表200包括具有下列字段的条目:时间202;动作204;部分FIB条目,其对应于兴趣被发送至的输出面或端口;以及包括针对FIB条目的输出面列表的面列表208,其包括对应于部分FIB条目206的面。可以基于动作204和对部分FIB条目206的更改来动态调整面列表208。
在操作期间,在时间T1处,节点110经P0将兴趣130发送到节点106,其中针对P0的部分FIB条目的字段包括默认值,且面列表被排序成:{P0、P1、P2、P3、......、Pi}。在时间T2处,节点110经P0接收兴趣返回消息并将兴趣返回指示符设置成为“1”的值以指示接收到兴趣返回消息。在时间T3处,节点110对面列表进行重新排序并将P0移至列表的末尾:{P1、P2、P3、......、Pi、P0}。接下来,在时间T4处,节点110经P1将兴趣130发送至节点108,其中针对P1的部分FIB条目的字段包括默认值,且面列表继续保持在时间T3进行的重新排序。在时间T5处,节点110经P1接收内容对象并确定且将RTT设置成为10毫秒的值。在时间T6处,节点110确定是否需要对列表进行重新排序,并且不更改列表。面列表继续保持在时间T3进行的重新排序。
在时间T7处,节点110经P2将兴趣130发送至节点114,其中针对P2的部分FIB条目的字段包括默认值,且面列表继续保持在时间T3进行的重新排序。在时间T8处,节点110经P2接收内容对象并确定且将RTT设置成为5毫秒的值。在时间T9处,节点110对面列表进行重新排序且将P2移至列表中P1之前:{P2、P1、P3、......、Pi、P0}。在时间T10处,节点110经P3将兴趣130发送至节点112,其中针对P3的部分FIB条目的字段包括默认值,且面列表继续保持在时间T9进行的重新排序。在时间T11处,节点110检测针对经P3转发的兴趣130的相应PIT条目的超时,并将PIT超时(“PT”)指示符设置成为“1”的值,以指示相应PIT条目的超时。在时间T12处,节点110对面列表进行重新排序并将P3移至列表的末尾:{P2、P1、......、Pi、P0、P3}。节点110还可以从列表移除P3:{P2、P1、......、Pi、P0}(未在图2中示出)。
因此,转发设备(例如,路由器或其他中间节点)可以观察网络属性并调整在FIB中列出的输出面的优先级。如上所述,PIT超时将导致最低的优先级(或从列表移除),兴趣返回消息将导致比具有RTT的响应式内容对象更低的优先级,且更长的RTT将导致比更短的RTT更低的优先级。转发设备还可以使用被包括在兴趣返回消息中的额外的网络属性来调整在FIB中列出的输出面的优先级。
转发设备在促进动态FIB调整中的作用
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的由转发设备执行的用于在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的方法的流程图300。在操作期间,系统通过转发设备(或转发电路)接收具有名称的兴趣,该名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的HSVLI(操作302)。系统在第一数据结构中标识针对名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目,其中条目包括与一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表(操作304)。一个或多个名称分量可以包括名称前缀,并且可以是从最一般级别开始的兴趣名称的连续名称分量,或可以是兴趣名称的任何连续名称分量。第一数据结构可以是转发信号库(FIB)。系统将兴趣转发至输出接口列表中的第一接口(操作306)。系统响应于将兴趣转发至第一接口,确定网络属性(操作308)。系统随后基于网络属性按照优先级顺序对输出接口列表进行重新排序,从而促进转发设备(或转发电路)动态调整使用相应接口转发与一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性(操作310)。
随后,系统基于重新排序的输出接口列表选择第二接口(操作312),且将兴趣转发至第二接口(操作314)。鉴于输出接口P0-Pi的列表,基于串行或顺序方法,系统可以记录哪个接口是当前接口,以及哪个接口是“下一个”接口。系统可以基于先前为接口收集的网络属性以及未针对其收集网络数据的接口确定下一个接口。系统还可以基于收集的网络属性将兴趣同时发送至接口列表中的两个或更多个接口,或使用任何方法或策略来基于收集的网络属性转发兴趣。
图4呈现了根据本发明的一个实施例的由转发设备执行的用于在内容中心网络中确定网络属性且动态调整转发信息的方法的流程图400。在操作期间,系统通过转发设备(或转发电路)将兴趣转发至对应于兴趣名称的一个或多个名称分量的输出接口列表中的第一接口(操作402)。系统确定是否接收到响应式内容对象(决定404)。如果是,系统则在对应于第一接口的FIB条目中记录兴趣/内容对象交换的往返时间(操作406)。如果系统未接收到响应式内容对象(决定404),则系统确定是否接收到兴趣返回消息(决定408)。如果是,则系统在针对第一接口的相应的FIB条目中记录兴趣返回(操作410)。如果系统未接收到兴趣返回消息(决定408),则系统确定是否检测到对应于被转发至第一接口的兴趣的PIT条目超时(决定412)。如果是,则系统在针对第一接口的相应的FIB条目中记录PIT条目超时(操作414)。如果系统未检测到PIT条目超时,则操作返回至决定404。
在针对第一接口的相应FIB条目中记录了RTT、兴趣返回或PIT条目超时之后,系统可以可选地基于确定的网络属性来计算针对第一接口的权重(操作416)。转发设备可以基于过去观察的窗口,即,基于在一段时间内观察到的网络属性来计算针对第一接口的权重。例如,转发设备可以跟踪并计算针对两个输出接口的平均RTT,并将较大的权重分配至在包括过去5分钟的时段内具有更大平均RTT的接口。
随后,基于确定的网络属性按照优先级顺序对输出接口列表进行重新排序(操作418)。例如,PIT超时将导致最低的优先级(或从列表移除),兴趣返回消息将导致比具有RTT的响应式内容对象更低的优先级,且更长的RTT将导致比更短的RTT更低的优先级。
示例性计算机和通信系统
图5示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的促进在内容中心网络中动态调整转发信息的示例性计算机和通信系统。计算机和通信系统502包括处理器504、存储器506和存储设备508。存储器506可以包括用作托管存储器的易失性存储器(例如,RAM),且可以被用于存储一个或多个内存池。此外,计算机和通信系统502可以被耦合至显示装置510、键盘512和指点设备514。存储设备508可以存储操作系统516、内容处理系统518和数据528。
内容处理系统518可以包括指令,该指令在由计算机和通信系统502执行时,可以使计算机和通信系统502执行在本公开中所述的方法和/或进程。具体地说,内容处理系统518可以包括用于跨计算机网络(例如,内容中心网络)将数据分组发送至其他网络节点和/或从其他网络节点接收数据分组的指令(通信模块520)。数据分组可以包括具有名称的兴趣分组或内容对象分组,该名称为包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的HSVLI。数据分组还可以包括兴趣返回消息,其指示错误情况。
具体地,内容处理系统518可以包括用于接收具有为HSVLI的名称的兴趣的指令(通信模块520)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于在第一数据结构中识别用于名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目的指令,其中该条目包括与一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口的列表(FIB查找模块522)。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于响应于将兴趣转发至输出接口列表中的第一接口而确定网络属性的指令(网络属性确定模块524和通信模块520)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于基于网络属性按照优先级顺序对输出接口列表进行重新排序的指令(接口列表管理模块526)。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于从经重新排序的列表选择第二接口的指令(接口列表管理模块526)以及用于将兴趣转发至第二接口的指令(通信模块520)。
内容处理系统518可以额外地包括用于记录开始于当将兴趣转发至第一接口时并且结束于当从第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时的往返时间的指令(网络属性确定模块524)以及用于对列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于相应接口的较短往返时间的指令(接口列表管理模块526)。
内容处理系统518可以包括用于从第一接口接收指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指令(通信模块520)以及用于对列表进行重新排序以指示第一接口处于比具有记录的往返时间的第二接口更低的优先级的指令(接口列表管理模块526)。
内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于在将兴趣转发至第一接口之后在第二数据结构中检测到针对兴趣的条目的超时(网络属性确定模块524和通信模块520)而从列表去除第一接口或将第一接口重新排序至列表中的最低优先级的指令(接口列表管理模块526)。
内容处理系统518还可以包括用于基于网络属性来计算针对每个输出接口的权重的指令(网络属性确定模块524)以及用于对列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于针对相应接口的较大计算权重的指令(接口列表管理模块526)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于基于在一段时间内确定的网络属性执行功能的指令,其中该段时间是预定值或用户定义值(网络属性确定模块524)。
数据528可以包括作为在本公开中描述的方法和/或进程的输入所需的或作为其输出而产生的任何数据。具体地说,数据528可以至少存储:兴趣;兴趣的名称,该名称为包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的HSVLI;名称前缀,包括从最一般级别开始的一个或多个名称的连续名称分量;名称前缀,包括一个或多个名称的连续名称分量;第一数据结构;转发信息库(FIB);FIB中的条目;针对名称前缀的FIB条目,其具有相应输出接口的列表;指示往返时间的指示符,该往返时间开始于当将兴趣转发至第一接口时并且结束于当从第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;指示接收到指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指示符;指示待处理兴趣表中的条目的超时的指示符,其中超时指示在条目到期之前尚未接收到对兴趣的响应式内容对象;第二数据结构;待处理兴趣表(PIT);PIT中的条目;针对兴趣名称的PIT条目;输入接口列表,兴趣是从该输入接口接收的;输出接口列表,兴趣被转发至该输出接口;绝对或相对到期时间,其指示针对待处理兴趣表中的条目的有效期;针对相应接口的权重;网络属性;以及针对输出接口列表中的一个接口的相对或绝对优先级。
在具体实施方式中描述的数据结构和代码通常被存储在计算机可读存储介质上,该计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储代码和/或数据以供计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括,但不限于,易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁性和光学存储设备,诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用光盘或数字视频光盘),或可以存储现在已知或后期开发的计算机可读介质的其他介质。
在具体实施方式部分中描述的方法和进程可以被具体化为代码和/或数据,其可以被存储在如上所述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读取并执行被存储在计算机可读存储介质上的代码和/或数据时,计算机系统执行被具体化为数据结构和代码且被存储在计算机可读存储介质中的方法和进程。
而且,上述的方法和进程可以被包括在硬件模块或设备中。硬件模块或设备可以包括,但不限于,专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或一条代码的专用或共享处理器以及现在已知或后期开发的其他可编程逻辑装置。当激活硬件模块或设备时,其执行被包括在其中的方法和进程。
已经仅出于说明和描述的目的提供了对本发明的实施例的前面的描述。其不旨在是详尽的或将本发明限制于所公开的形式。因此,许多修改和变型对于本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。额外地,上述公开不旨在限制本发明。本发明的范围是由所附权利要求限定的。
Claims (21)
1.一种计算机系统,所述系统包括:
处理器;
存储设备,被耦合至所述处理器并且存储指令,所述指令在由计算机执行时使得所述计算机执行方法,所述方法包括:
通过转发电路接收具有名称的兴趣,所述名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的分层结构的可变长度标识符;
在第一数据结构中标识针对所述名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目,其中,所述条目包括与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表;
响应于将所述兴趣转发至所述输出接口列表中的第一接口,确定网络属性;以及
基于所述网络属性按照优先级顺序对所述输出接口列表进行重新排序,从而促进所述转发电路动态调整使用相应接口转发与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性,
其中,所述第一数据结构是转发信息库,并且其中,所述转发信息库中的条目还包括针对所述输出接口列表中的相应接口的下列中的一个或多个:
指示往返时间的指示符,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口时,并且结束于当从所述第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;
指示接收到指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指示符;以及
指示待处理兴趣表中的条目的超时的指示符,其中,所述超时指示在所述条目到期之前尚未接收到对所述兴趣的响应式内容对象。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统,其中,所述方法还包括:
从经重新排序的列表选择第二接口;以及
将所述兴趣转发至所述第二接口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
记录往返时间,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口时,并且结束于当从所述第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;并且
其中,所述方法还包括,对所述列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于相应接口的较短往返时间的。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
从所述第一接口接收指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息;并且
其中,所述方法还包括,对所述列表进行重新排序以指示所述第一接口处于比具有记录的往返时间的第二接口更低的优先级,
其中,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第二接口时,并且结束于当从所述第二接口接收到响应式内容对象时。
5.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,所述一个或多个名称分量包括名称前缀,并且其中,所述一个或多个名称分量为从所述最一般级别开始的连续名称分量。
6.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
响应于在将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口之后在第二数据结构中检测到针对所述兴趣的条目的超时:
从所述列表移除所述第一接口;或
将所述第一接口重新排序至所述列表中的最低优先级。
7.根据权利要求6所述的计算机系统,其中,所述第二数据结构为待处理兴趣表,并且其中,所述待处理兴趣表中的条目包括:兴趣名称;输入接口列表,所述兴趣从该输入接口被接收;输出接口列表,所述兴趣被转发至该输出接口;以及到期时间,所述到期时间指示针对所述待处理兴趣表中的条目的有效期。
8.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,所述方法还包括:
基于所述网络属性来计算针对每个输出接口的权重;以及
对所述列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于针对相应接口的较大计算权重的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统,其中,计算所述权重还包括:
基于在一段时间内确定的网络属性执行功能,其中,该段时间是预定值或用户定义值。
10.一种计算机实现的方法,其包括:
通过转发电路接收具有名称的兴趣,所述名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的分层结构的可变长度标识符;
在第一数据结构中标识针对所述名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目,其中,所述条目包括与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表;
响应于将所述兴趣转发至所述输出接口列表中的第一接口,确定网络属性;以及
基于所述网络属性按照优先级顺序对所述输出接口列表进行重新排序,从而促进所述转发电路动态调整使用相应接口转发与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性,
其中,所述第一数据结构是转发信息库,并且其中,所述转发信息库中的条目还包括针对所述输出接口列表中的相应接口的下列中的一个或多个:
指示往返时间的指示符,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口时,并且结束于当从所述第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;
指示接收到指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指示符;以及
指示待处理兴趣表中的条目的超时的指示符,其中,所述超时指示在所述条目到期之前尚未接收到对所述兴趣的响应式内容对象。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,还包括:
从经重新排序的列表选择第二接口;以及
将所述兴趣转发至所述第二接口。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
记录往返时间,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口时,并且结束于当从所述第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;并且
其中,所述方法还包括,对所述列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于相应接口的较短往返时间的。
13.根据权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的方法,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
从所述第一接口接收指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息;并且
其中,所述方法还包括,对所述列表进行重新排序以指示所述第一接口处于比具有记录的往返时间的第二接口更低的优先级,
其中,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第二接口时,并且结束于当从所述第二接口接收到响应式内容对象时。
14.根据权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的方法,其中,所述一个或多个名称分量包括名称前缀,并且其中,所述一个或多个名称分量为从所述最一般级别开始的连续名称分量。
15.根据权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的方法,其中,确定所述网络属性还包括:
响应于在将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口之后在第二数据结构中检测到针对所述兴趣的条目的超时:
从所述列表移除所述第一接口;或
将所述第一接口重新排序至所述列表中的最低优先级。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述第二数据结构为待处理兴趣表,并且其中,所述待处理兴趣表中的条目包括:兴趣名称;输入接口列表,所述兴趣从该输入接口被接收;输出接口列表,所述兴趣被转发至该输出接口;以及到期时间,所述到期时间指示针对所述待处理兴趣表中的条目的有效期。
17.根据权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的方法,还包括:
基于所述网络属性来计算针对每个输出接口的权重;以及
对所述列表进行重新排序以指示较高优先级是基于针对相应接口的较大计算权重的。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,计算所述权重还包括:
基于在一段时间内确定的网络属性执行功能,其中,该段时间是预定值或用户定义值。
19.一种计算机设备,包括:
用于通过转发电路接收具有名称的兴趣的装置,所述名称是包括从最一般级别至最特定级别按顺序排序的连续名称分量的分层结构的可变长度标识符;
用于在第一数据结构中标识针对所述名称的一个或多个名称分量的条目的装置,其中,所述条目包括与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的输出接口列表;
用于响应于将所述兴趣转发至所述输出接口列表中的第一接口而确定网络属性的装置;以及
用于基于所述网络属性按照优先级顺序对所述输出接口列表进行重新排序从而促进所述转发电路动态调整使用相应接口转发与所述一个或多个名称分量相关联的兴趣的可能性的装置,
其中,所述第一数据结构是转发信息库,并且其中,所述转发信息库中的条目还包括针对所述输出接口列表中的相应接口的下列中的一个或多个:
指示往返时间的指示符,所述往返时间开始于当将所述兴趣转发至所述第一接口时,并且结束于当从所述第一接口接收到响应式内容对象时;
指示接收到指示错误情况的兴趣返回消息的指示符;以及
指示待处理兴趣表中的条目的超时的指示符,其中,所述超时指示在所述条目到期之前尚未接收到对所述兴趣的响应式内容对象。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备,还包括用于实现根据权利要求11至18中的任一项所述的方法的装置。
21.一种计算机可读存储介质,包括用于由处理器执行实现根据权利要求10至18中的任一项所述的方法的指令。
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CN108886536A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
US20180041608A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
WO2017160597A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
US9832116B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
US10129368B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
US20170264536A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
EP3430790A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
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