CN109417567A - 用于内容中心网络中的兴趣组的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一个实施例提供了一种用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的有效通信的系统。在操作期间,该系统通过中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分。响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,该系统从第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣。该系统在待定兴趣表中添加针对第一分组的条目,其中该条目指示第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符。该系统将第一分组发送到另一节点。
Description
相关申请
本申请的主题涉及以下申请中的主题:
2013年3月20日提交的发明人Ignacio Solis的题为“ORDERED-ELEMENT NAMINGFOR NAME-BASED PACKET FORWARDING”的美国专利申请第13/847,814号(下文称为“美国专利申请No.13/847,814”);
2008年12月18日提交的发明人Van L.Jacobson和Diana K.Smetters的题为“CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF INTERESTS AND CONTENT IN A CONTENT CENTRICNETWORK”的美国专利申请第12/338,175号(下文称为“美国专利申请No.12/338,175”);和
2014年3月31日提交的发明人Ersin Uzun、Marc E.Mosko、Michael F.Plass和Glenn C.Scott的题为“AGGREGATE SIGNING OF DATA IN CONTENT CENTRIC NETWORKING”的美国专利申请第14/231,515号(下文称为“美国专利申请No.14/231,515”);
其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开总地涉及数字内容的分发。更具体而言,本公开涉及用于不同兴趣的集合的有效通信的方法和系统。
背景技术
因特网和电子商务的激增继续创造大量的数字内容。内容中心网络(CCN)架构已被设计为便于访问和处理这样的数字内容。CCN包括实体或节点,诸如网络客户端、转发器(例如,路由器)和内容产生器,它们通过发送用于内容的兴趣分组和接收回报的内容对象分组(或清单)而彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象(或清单)由它们的唯一名称标识,这些名称通常是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分。清单是内容对象,其基于每个成员内容对象的名称来指示“成员”内容对象的集合。清单可以用树状拓扑表示,并且成员内容对象可以是数据对象或另一个清单。拥有清单的实体可以通过基于所指示的名称为每个成员内容对象发送一个兴趣来检索成员内容对象。清单在美国专利申请No.14/231,515中得到描述。
当通过网络将兴趣分组从内容请求节点路由到内容产生节点时,每个中间CCN路由器在其待定兴趣表(PIT)中添加对应于该兴趣的条目并将该兴趣转发到下一个CCN路由器。当匹配的内容对象分组被从内容产生节点发送回请求节点时,它遵循该兴趣的反向路径。每个中间CCN路由器沿着在对应的PIT条目中列出的请求或到达接口来转发内容对象,并且随后移除该PIT条目,从而表明兴趣已被满足。
当前的CCN协议基于一对一的对称性。也就是说,一个兴趣用于检索一个内容对象或清单。然而,当多个内容对象的名称是先验已知的或者被从清单获得时,请求的消费者在为每个内容对象发送一个单独的兴趣时可能实现额外的负担。另外,每个中间路由器为每个对称兴趣和内容对象交换存储一个条目。这可能导致低效的系统并降低网络中数据分发的有效性。
发明内容
在独立权利要求中阐述了本发明的各方面,并且在从属权利要求中阐述了优选特征。一个方面的特征可以单独应用于每个方面或者与其他方面组合应用。
一个实施例提供了一种用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的有效通信的系统。在操作期间,系统通过中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分。响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,系统从第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣。系统在待定兴趣表中添加针对第一分组的条目,其中该条目指示第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符。系统将第一分组发送到另一节点,从而促进在第一分组中指示的一组成员兴趣的有效通信。
在一些实施例中,第一分组还包括与用于将第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件相关联的信息,其中单独兴趣具有与第一分组的相应成员兴趣相同的名称。系统处理这一个或多个单独兴趣。
在一些实施例中,与条件相关联的信息是跳计数,其指示在第一分组将被分割成一个或多个单独兴趣之前剩余跳的数目。响应于确定跳计数等于零,系统将第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣。系统丢弃第一分组,并转发一个或多个单独兴趣。
在一些实施例中,与条件相关联的信息是名称前缀。响应于基于最长前缀匹配确定了名称前缀与转发信息库中的条目匹配,系统将第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣,丢弃第一分组,并转发这一个或多个单独兴趣。
在一些实施例中,在处理单独兴趣时,系统基于单独兴趣的名称在缓存中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找。响应于获得匹配的内容对象,系统将匹配的内容对象转发到前一跳节点,并从待定兴趣表中移除匹配条目,或者从匹配条目中移除与单独兴趣相关联的到达接口。响应于未获得匹配的内容对象,系统执行以下操作:系统在待定兴趣表中执行对与单独兴趣相对应的匹配条目的查找;响应于获得匹配条目,系统向匹配条目添加与单独兴趣相关联的到达接口;响应于未获得匹配条目,系统添加对应于单独兴趣的新条目;并且系统转发单独兴趣。
在一些实施例中,响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,系统在待定兴趣表中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找。响应于获得匹配条目,系统在匹配条目中标记成员兴趣得到满足的指示符,并且响应于确定在匹配条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足,系统从待定兴趣表中移除匹配条目。响应于未获得匹配条目,系统执行以下操作:响应于确定在第一分组中指示了一个或多个成员兴趣,系统在待定兴趣表中添加针对第一分组的条目,其中所添加的条目不指示得到满足的成员兴趣,并且系统转发第一分组;并且响应于确定在第一分组中未指示成员兴趣,系统丢弃第一分组。
在一些实施例中,响应于未获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,系统在待定兴趣表中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找。响应于获得匹配条目,系统在匹配条目中标记成员兴趣得到满足的指示符。响应于未获得匹配条目,系统在待定兴趣表中添加针对第一分组的条目。
本文还描述了对应的方法和装置,包括用于实现这些方法的网络节点、计算机程序、计算机程序产品、计算机可读介质以及在有形介质上编码的逻辑。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据本发明实施例的促进兴趣组分组的通信的示例性网络,该兴趣组分组指示兴趣的集合。
图1B示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组。
图1C示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组。
图1D示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表。
图1E示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表。
图1F示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组,包括与分割兴趣组分组的条件相关联的信息。
图1G示出了根据本发明实施例的基于分割图1F的示例性兴趣组分组而创建的示例性兴趣。
图1H示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表。
图1I示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表。
图2呈现了根据本发明实施例的示例性表格,其示出了按照增强巴克斯—诺尔(Backus-Naur)形式表示法的示例性兴趣组。
图3A呈现了示出根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的方法的流程图。
图3B呈现了示出根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的方法的流程图。
图4呈现了示出根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信(包括检测与分割兴趣组分组的条件相关联的信息)的方法的流程图。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的示例性计算机和通信系统。
在附图中,相似的附图标记指代相同的附图元素。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述以使得任何本领域技术人员都能够制造和使用实施例,并且在特定应用及其要求的背景下提供以下描述。对于本领域技术人员来说,对所公开的实施例的各种修改将是显而易见的,并且在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以将本文定义的一般原理应用于其他实施例和应用。因此,本发明不限于所示的实施例,而是将与符合本文公开的原理和特征的最宽范围相一致。
概览
本发明的实施例提供了一种基于兴趣组促进内容的有效通信和分发的系统,该兴趣组是表示或指示不同兴趣的集合的CCN复合消息。当前CCN协议基于兴趣和内容对象的一对一对称性。也就是说,消费者生成并发送一个兴趣,然后从产生器(和/或中间路由器)接收一个响应的内容对象。接收兴趣的每个实体在其缓存或内容存储(CS)中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找,并且还在其待定兴趣表(PIT)中执行查找,以添加兴趣的新条目或添加(或聚合)现有条目的到达接口。接收内容对象的每个实体也在其CS中执行类似的查找,并且还在其PIT中执行查找,以移除现有条目或移除现有条目的到达接口。
被称为“兴趣列表”的最近构造提出了一种类型的CCN消息,其通过网络载送兴趣的集合。兴趣列表包括名称,就像兴趣包括名称一样。兴趣列表在Kurihara等人的“ListInterest:Packing Interests for Reduction of Router Workload in CCN 1.0”中得到描述。转发器基于兴趣列表的名称将兴趣列表存储在其PIT中。另外,转发器在其内容存储中执行对每个组成兴趣的查找。如果在CS中找到匹配,则转发器发送单独的内容对象。如果在CS中未找到匹配,则转发器基于转发信息发送兴趣列表。仅当兴趣列表中的所有兴趣都得到满足时才丢弃该兴趣列表。因此,表示n个单独兴趣的兴趣列表请求n个单独内容对象响应。然而,因为兴趣列表作为单个消息被转发,所以兴趣列表包含最终被转发到相同目的地的兴趣,这可能会产生低效率。另外,兴趣列表在其穿过网络时不会动态分解,这可能会导致进一步的低效率。
本发明的实施例通过引入如下新类型的CCN消息来解决这些问题:“兴趣组”。兴趣组与兴趣列表的类似之处在于兴趣组指示“成员”兴趣的集合。然而,兴趣组还包括未包括在兴趣列表中的几个关键特征。首先,兴趣组可以在其穿过网络时被截断。也就是说,中间路由器可以满足成员兴趣,并且随后在向前转发兴趣组之前移除对得到满足的成员兴趣的指示,如下面关于图1B和图1C所述。第二,兴趣组可以利用独立于兴趣组名称的名称来指示其成员兴趣。第三,兴趣组可以包括触发中间路由器分解其成员兴趣的条件。也就是说,兴趣组可以被分割成单独兴趣(或更小的兴趣组或单独兴趣的子集),其中单独兴趣与成员兴趣相匹配。例如,触发条件可以在达到预先配置的跳数时发生,或者当兴趣到达网络的不同拓扑部分(例如,组织边界)时发生,如下面关于图1F-1G所述。
因此,本系统提供对数字内容分发的改进,其中改进基本上是技术性的。本发明的实施例提供了对数字内容的高效、安全和有效分发的技术问题的技术解决方案(例如,使用兴趣组来发送对数字内容的请求)。
在CCN中,每条内容都是单独命名的,并且每条数据都绑定到唯一的名称,该名称将该数据与任何其他条数据(诸如相同数据的其他版本或来自其他来源的数据)区分开来。该唯一名称允许网络设备通过传播指示该唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据,并且可以独立于数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和传输方式而获得数据。以下术语用于描述CCN架构:
内容对象(或“内容对象”):单条命名数据,其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“持久的”,这意味着内容对象可以在计算设备内四处移动,或者跨不同的计算设备移动,但不改变。如果内容对象的任何成分改变,则做出该改变的实体将创建包括更新后的内容的新内容对象,并将该新内容对象绑定到新的唯一名称。
唯一名称:CCN中的名称通常是位置独立的并且唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发设备可以使用该名称或名称前缀将分组转发到生成或存储内容对象的网络节点,而不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何。在一些实施例中,名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以划分为几个分层成分,其可以以各种方式构建。例如,单独名称成分parc、home、ccn和test.txt可以以左向前缀主要方式构造,以形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此,名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。可以使用附加成分来区分内容项的不同版本,诸如协作文档。
在一些实施例中,名称可以包括非分层标识符,诸如从内容对象的数据(例如,校验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素得到的散列值。对基于散列的名称的描述在美国专利申请No.13/847,814中得到描述。名称也可以是平面标签。在下文中,“名称”用于指代名称-数据网络中的一条数据的任何名称,诸如分层名称或名称前缀、平面名称、固定长度名称、任意长度名称或标签(例如,多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(或“兴趣”):指示对一条数据的请求并且包括该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)的分组。数据消费者可以跨信息中心网络传播请求或兴趣,CCN路由器可以向可以提供所请求的数据以满足该请求或兴趣的存储设备(例如,缓存服务器)或数据产生器传播该请求或兴趣。
本文公开的方法不限于CCN网络,并且也适用于其他架构。对CCN架构的描述在美国专利申请No.12/338,175中得到描述。
示例性的网络和通信
图1A示出了根据本发明实施例的促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的示例性网络100。网络100可以包括内容请求设备116,内容产生设备118,以及节点102、104、106、108、110、112和114处的路由器或其他转发设备。节点可以是计算机系统、表示用户的端点、和/或可以生成兴趣或发起内容的设备。节点也可以是边缘路由器(例如,CCN节点102和114)或核心路由器(例如,中间CCN路由器104-112)。每个CCN路由器可以维护待定兴趣表(PIT)(例如,节点110的PIT 130)和转发信息库(FIB)(未示出)。PIT 130可以包括与待定兴趣相关联的PIT条目131.1-131.n。PIT条目(例如,PIT条目131.1)可以包括名称132、成员兴趣信息134、以及传入接口136。成员兴趣信息134可以包括成员兴趣名称142.1-142.m和成员指示符144.1-144.m。例如,成员指示符144.1是对名为成员兴趣名称142.1的兴趣是否已经得到满足的指示符(诸如标志或位)。
在操作期间,节点设备116可以发送兴趣组150,其中兴趣组150指示对数据的兴趣的集合。兴趣组150是可以包括基名(basename)152和与每个成员兴趣相对应的成员兴趣名称154.1-154.n的分组。基名152不需要与成员兴趣名称154.1-154.p相关。换句话说,成员兴趣名称154.1-154.p可以独立于基名152并且与基名152不同。以下结合图1B描述示例性兴趣组分组。兴趣组150可以通过网络100行进。节点110可以接收兴趣组150并且可以基于例如成员兴趣名称154.1在其CS中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找。如果在CS中未找到匹配的内容对象,则节点110可以基于基名152在PIT 130中执行对与兴趣组150相对应的匹配的PIT条目的查找。如果未找到匹配的PIT条目,则节点110可以添加针对兴趣组150的PIT条目。下面关于图1D描述示例性PIT。例如,添加的PIT条目可以包括具有基名152的值的名称132、与成员兴趣名称154.1-154.p相对应的成员兴趣名称142.1-142.m、以及对应的成员指示符144.1-144.m。对于新添加的PIT条目,成员指示符144.1-144.m可以被设置为默认值“0”,或被设置为指示对应成员兴趣未得到满足的值。然后,节点110可以基于其FIB中的信息将兴趣组150转发到下一跳节点(诸如节点108)。如果找到匹配的PIT条目,则节点110可以将兴趣组150的到达接口添加到匹配的PIT条目,然后转发兴趣组150。
如果在CS中找到成员兴趣的匹配内容对象,则节点110可以如下面关于图1B和图1C所述从兴趣组中移除对得到满足的成员兴趣的指示,并且在反向路径上(例如,经由节点114和102)转发匹配的内容对象。节点110可以基于基名152在PIT 130中执行对与兴趣组150相对应的匹配PIT条目的查找。如果未找到匹配的PIT条目,并且在兴趣组150中未指示剩余的成员兴趣,则节点110可以丢弃兴趣组150。如果在兴趣组150中指示了任何剩余的成员兴趣,则节点110可以添加针对兴趣组150的PIT条目。例如,添加的PIT条目可以包括具有基名152的值的名称132、与成员兴趣名称154.1-154.p相对应的成员兴趣名称142.1-142.m、以及对应的成员指示符144.1-144.m。注意,所添加的PIT条目将不包括对先前从兴趣组150中移除的任何得到满足的成员兴趣的指示。
如果找到匹配的PIT条目,则节点110可以将适当的成员指示符标记为得到满足的,其中被标记的成员指示符与得到满足的兴趣的成员兴趣名称相对应(例如,与成员兴趣名称142.1相对应的被标记为得到满足的指示符144.1,其中成员兴趣名称142.1具有与成员兴趣名称154.1相同的值)。下面关于图1E描述了示例性PIT,其示出了对针对得到满足的成员兴趣的成员指示符的标记。如果在匹配的PIT条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足,则节点110可以从PIT中移除匹配的PIT条目。在下面关于图1B-1E、3A和3B可以找到对这些操作的详细描述。
因此,本发明的实施例提供了实现用于内容对象检索的1到n的兴趣的有效解决方案,其中兴趣组指示成员兴趣的集合,并且其中中间路由器可以在向前转发兴趣组之前从兴趣组中删除得到满足的成员兴趣。另外,兴趣组可以包括触发条件,其向中间路由器指示将兴趣组分割成其组成成员兴趣。下面关于图4描述分解。
示例性的兴趣组和PIT
图1B示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组150。T1时的兴趣组分组150(或兴趣组150)可以包括具有值“/basename”的基名152以及成员兴趣名称154.1-154.5。例如,成员兴趣名称154.1是“/a/b”,成员兴趣名称154.2是“/c/d”,成员兴趣名称154.3是“/e/f”,成员兴趣名称154.4是“/g/h”,并且成员兴趣名称154.4是“/j/k”。
图1C示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组150。T2时的兴趣组分组150(或兴趣组150)可以包括具有值“/basename”的基名152以及成员兴趣名称154.1、154.3、154.4和154.5。例如,成员兴趣名称154.1是“/a/b”,成员兴趣名称154.3是“/e/f”,成员兴趣名称154.4是“/g/h”,并且成员兴趣名称154.4是“/j/k”。注意,在时间T2,成员兴趣名称154.2已被从兴趣组150中移除(与图1B的时间T1处的兴趣组150的所指示的成员兴趣相比)。
图1D示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表130。PIT130反映了在时间T1处接收兴趣组150(并且确定CS中不存在匹配的内容对象)之后添加的PIT条目。PIT 130中的条目包括名称132、成员兴趣信息134、以及传入接口146。成员兴趣信息134可以包括由成员兴趣名称142和对应的成员指示符144组成的元组列表。传入接口146可以包括与名称132相对应的兴趣已在其上被接收到的接口的列表(例如,与兴趣组150相关联的到达接口)。因此,PIT条目131.1可以包括名称132(“/basename”)以及如下的成员兴趣信息的列表:{/a/b,0}、{/c/d,0}、{/e/f,0}、{/g/h,0}、{/j/k,0}。PIT条目131.1还可以包括值为{1,3,5}的传入接口146。PIT 130还可以包括针对标准兴趣的条目。例如,PIT条目131.2可以包括名称“/single/interestl”、值为空的成员兴趣信息、以及传入接口。
图1E示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表130。PIT130反映了在满足某成员兴趣并在时间T2处从兴趣组150中移除该成员兴趣之后修改的PIT条目。例如,第二个列出的成员兴趣的成员兴趣信息被更新以反映它已经得到满足:{/c/d,1}。
注意,时间T1处的图1D中的PIT 130反映了接收节点或路由器处的现有PIT条目131.1。如果在时间T1处没有对应于兴趣组基名“/basename”的现有PIT条目,则仅在时间T2处移除得到满足的成员兴趣之后才添加新的PIT条目。在这种情况下,时间T2处的图1E中的PIT130仅包括剩余成员兴趣的成员兴趣信息,而不包括得到满足的(即,由名称“/c/d”指示的)成员兴趣的成员兴趣信息。
示例性兴趣组和PIT;分解
图1F示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性兴趣组分组160,包括与分割兴趣组分组的条件相关联的信息。兴趣组分组160(或兴趣组160)包括与时间T1处的图1B的兴趣组150相同的内容,并且还包括具有等于“0”的值的跳计数156和具有等于“/prefix”的值的前缀158。接收兴趣组160的路由器可以确定将兴趣组分解为单独兴趣的条件,如下面关于图1G所述。例如,当跳计数156具有零值时,接收路由器可以决定分解兴趣组。此外,当前缀158基于最长前缀匹配与接收路由器的FIB中的前缀匹配时,接收路由器也可以决定分解兴趣组。
图1G示出了根据本发明实施例的基于分割图1F的示例性兴趣组分组而创建的示例性兴趣162.1-162.5。当接收路由器确定分解兴趣组的条件时,路由器可以在时间T3处创建具有与兴趣组的成员兴趣名称相对应的名称的单独兴趣。例如,接收路由器可以创建具有以下名称的五个单独的兴趣:兴趣162.1,其名称164.1为“/a/b”;兴趣162.2,其名称164.2为“/c/d”;兴趣162.3,其名称164.3为“/e/f”;兴趣162.4,其名称164.4为“/g/h”;以及兴趣162.5,其名称164.5为“/j/k”。可以依据标准CCN规则来处理兴趣162.1-162.5,如下面关于图4所述。
图1H示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表130。PIT130包括与在时间T1处的图1D的PIT 130相同的内容。
图1I示出了根据本发明实施例的由中间节点维护的示例性待定兴趣表130。时间T3处的PIT 130与基于接收路由器检测到分解条件而创建的单独兴趣相对应。时间T3处的PIT 130可以包括标准PIT条目172.1-172.5。例如,PIT条目172.1可以包括名称“/a/b”、值为空的成员兴趣信息、以及传入接口。
ABNF中的示例性兴趣组
图2呈现了示例性表200,其示出了根据本发明实施例的按照增强巴克斯-诺尔形式(ABNF)表示法的兴趣组。表200包括兴趣组202,其包括基名、可选的密钥标识限制、以及兴趣集的列表。兴趣集204可以包括可选的分解跳计数、可选的分解前缀、可选的分解动作、以及一组兴趣列表。分解跳计数206可以是整数,并且可以指示在兴趣集将被分割成一个或多个单独兴趣(即,被分割成在兴趣集204的兴趣列表中列出的单独兴趣)之前的剩余跳数。分解前缀208可以是名称,并且可以指示接收路由器在该前缀基于最长前缀匹配与路由器的FIB中的条目匹配时将兴趣集分割成一个或多个单独兴趣。分解动作210可以是字符串或命令,并且可以将例如“INDIVIDUAL(单独)”指示作为在分解跳计数206具有等于零的值时或者在分解前缀208与路由器中的FIB条目匹配时要采取的动作。注意,兴趣组可以包括除了本文描述的分解条件(例如,跳计数和名称前缀)之外的分解条件。另外,兴趣组可以包括可被重新加密的加密兴趣集,类似于洋葱加密。
兴趣列表212可以包括一组兴趣。兴趣214可以包括由名称、可选的密钥标识限制和可选的内容对象散列限制定义的元组。基名216可以是名称,并且名称218可以是CCN名称,如本文所述。密钥标识限制220和内容对象散列限制222可以是BLOB或其他类似值,并且BLOB 224可以是一组八位字节。
中间节点处理兴趣组
图3A呈现了流程图300,其示出了根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的方法。在操作期间,系统通过中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称(操作302)。名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分。第一分组可以是清单。系统基于相应成员兴趣的名称在本地缓存或内容存储(CS)中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找(操作304)。系统判定是否在CS中找到匹配的内容对象(判定306)。系统还可以判定它是否可以获得匹配的内容对象。如果在CS中未找到匹配的内容对象,则系统基于第一分组的名称在PIT中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找(操作308)。如果在PIT中未找到匹配条目(判定310),则操作如在图3B的标签A处所述继续。如果在PIT中找到匹配的条目(判定310),则系统将第一分组的到达接口添加到匹配的PIT条目(操作312)并转发第一分组(操作314)。注意,PIT条目可以包括第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符。
如果在CS中找到匹配的内容对象(判定306),则系统从第一分组中移除成员兴趣(操作320)。系统在反向路径上发送匹配的内容对象(操作322)。系统基于第一分组的名称在PIT中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配PIT条目的查找(操作324)。如果在PIT中未找到匹配条目(判定326),则系统判定在第一分组中是否指示了任何剩余的成员兴趣(判定328)。如果在第一分组中没有指示剩余的成员兴趣,则系统丢弃第一分组(操作330),并且操作返回。如果在第一分组中指示了剩余的成员兴趣(判定328),则操作如在图3B的标签A处所述继续。如果在PIT中找到匹配条目(判定326),则操作如在图3B的标签B处所述继续。
图3B呈现了示出根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的方法350的流程图。从标签A,系统基于第一分组的名称在PIT中添加针对第一分组的条目(操作352)。注意,如果操作从判定326(在CS中找到匹配的内容对象)到达标签A而不是从判定310(在CS中未找到匹配的内容对象)到达标签A,则在操作352中添加到PIT的条目不包括得到满足的成员兴趣。也就是说,系统已经在操作320中从第一分组中移除了成员兴趣。系统还将到达接口添加到所添加的PIT条目(操作354),并转发第一分组(操作356)。
从标签B,系统在(匹配的)PIT条目中标记成员兴趣得到满足(操作354)。系统判定匹配的PIT条目中的所有成员兴趣是否都得到满足(判定364)。例如,系统可以针对在匹配的PIT条目中指示的每个成员兴趣检查匹配的PIT条目中的指示符。或者,系统可以检查单个指示符,该指示符基于在匹配的PIT条目中指示的每个成员兴趣的相应指示符。可以使用其他方法来判定PIT条目中的相应成员兴趣是否已经得到满足,包括设置标志、位、保留字段或其他方法。如果在匹配的PIT条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足(判定364),则系统从PIT中移除匹配条目(操作366)。如果在匹配的PIT条目中指示的所有成员兴趣不是都得到满足(判定364),则系统将到达接口添加到所添加的PIT条目(操作354),并转发第一分组(操作356)。
中间节点利用分解来处理兴趣组分组
图4呈现了流程图400,其示出了根据本发明实施例的中间节点用于促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信的方法,包括检测与分割兴趣组分组的条件相关联的信息。在操作期间,系统通过中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称(操作402)。第一分组可以是清单,并且该清单还可以指示分解跳计数或分解前缀。跳计数和前缀可以与清单或在清单中指示的一组兴趣相关联。跳计数和前缀也可以与兴趣组的兴趣集相关联,如上面关于图2所述。系统判定分解跳计数是否等于零(判定404)。如果分解跳计数不等于零,则系统基于最长前缀匹配方法来判定分解前缀是否与FIB中的前缀匹配(判定406)。如果前缀在FIB中没有匹配,则操作如上面在图3A的操作304处所述继续。
如果分解跳计数为零(判定404)或者分解前缀与FIB中的前缀匹配(判定406),则系统可以从兴趣组中移除兴趣集(操作408)(如果跳计数或前缀与兴趣组的兴趣集相关联)。系统可以将第一分组(清单)分割成一个或多个单独兴趣,其中单独兴趣具有与第一分组的相应成员兴趣相同的名称(操作410)。换句话说,系统为在第一分组或清单中指示的每个成员兴趣创建新的单独兴趣。系统依据标准CCN规则处理每个单独兴趣(操作412)。例如,系统基于单独兴趣的名称在CS中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找。如果存在匹配的内容对象,则系统将该匹配的内容对象转发到前一跳节点,并且从PIT中移除匹配的条目或从匹配的PIT条目中移除与单独兴趣相关联的到达接口(如果存在匹配条目的话)。如果没有匹配的内容对象,则系统在PIT中执行对匹配条目的查找。如果存在匹配的PIT条目,则系统将与单独兴趣相关联的到达接口添加到该PIT条目。如果没有匹配的PIT条目,则系统添加与单独兴趣相对应的新PIT条目。系统还转发单独兴趣。
在完成操作412之后,系统判定在第一分组中是否指示了任何剩余的成员兴趣(判定414)。在一些实施例中,如果系统从兴趣组中移除了兴趣集,则系统判定在兴趣组中是否存在任何剩余的兴趣集。如果存在,则系统执行判定414。如果在第一分组中没有指示剩余的成员兴趣(或者如果兴趣组中没有剩余的兴趣集),则系统丢弃第一分组(操作416),并且操作返回。如果在第一分组中指示了剩余的成员兴趣(判定414),则操作如图3A的操作304所述继续。
示例性的计算机和通信系统
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性计算机和通信系统502,其促进指示兴趣集合的兴趣组分组的通信。计算机和通信系统502包括处理器604、存储器506和存储设备508。存储器506可以包括用作受管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如,RAM),并且可以用于存储一个或多个存储器池。另外,计算机和通信系统502可以耦合到显示设备510、键盘512和指示设备514。存储设备508可以存储操作系统616、内容处理系统518和数据532。
内容处理系统518可以包括指令,这些指令当被计算机和通信系统502执行时可以使计算机和通信系统502执行本公开中描述的方法和/或过程。具体而言,内容处理系统518可以包括用于由中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组的指令(通信模块520),其中成员兴趣具有名称。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象而从第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣的指令(分组管理模块522)。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于在PIT中添加针对第一分组的条目的指令,其中该条目指示第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符(PIT管理模块526)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于将第一分组发送到另一节点的指令(通信模块520)。
内容处理系统518还可以包括用于处理一个或多个单独兴趣的指令(分组管理模块522)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于确定跳计数等于零(条件确定模块530)而执行如下操作的指令:将第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣(组分解模块524);丢弃第一分组(分组管理模块522);以及转发这一个或多个单独兴趣(通信模块520)。内容处理系统518可以另外包括用于响应于基于最长前缀匹配确定名称前缀与转发信息库中的条目匹配(条件确定模块530)而执行如下操作的指令:将第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣(组分解模块524);丢弃第一分组(分组管理模块522);以及转发这一个或多个单独兴趣(通信模块520)。
内容处理系统518还可以包括用于响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象(缓存管理模块528)而执行如下操作的指令:在PIT中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找(PIT管理模块526)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于获得匹配条目(PIT管理模块526)而执行如下操作的指令:在匹配条目中标记成员兴趣得到满足的指示符(PIT管理模块526);并且响应于确定在匹配条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足而从PIT中移除匹配条目(PIT管理模块526)。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于响应于未获得匹配条目(PIT管理模块526)并且响应于确定在第一分组中指示一个或多个成员兴趣(分组管理模块522)而执行如下操作的指令:在PIT中添加针对第一分组的条目,其中所添加的条目不指示得到满足的成员兴趣(PIT管理模块526);以及转发第一分组(通信模块520)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于确定在第一分组中未指示成员兴趣而丢弃第一分组(分组管理模块522)的指令。
内容处理系统518可以另外包括用于响应于未获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象(缓存管理模块528)而在PIT中执行对与第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找(PIT管理模块526)的指令。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于获得匹配条目而在匹配条目中标记成员兴趣得到满足的指示符(PIT管理模块526)的指令。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于响应于未获得匹配条目而在待定兴趣表中添加针对第一分组的条目(PIT管理模块526)的指令。
数据532可以包括作为输入所需的任何数据,或者由本公开中描述的方法和/或过程作为输出所生成的任何数据。具体而言,数据532可以至少存储:分组;名称;兴趣组或兴趣组分组;兴趣或兴趣分组;内容对象或内容对象分组;一组成员兴趣;具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的分组;分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分;分组的名称;兴趣的名称;内容对象的名称;兴趣组的名称;待定兴趣表(PIT);PIT中的条目;成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符;用于将分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件;与用于将分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件相关联的信息;跳计数;名称前缀;最长前缀匹配;转发信息库(FIB);本地缓存或内容存储(CS);以及与兴趣相关的到达接口;在PIT或CS中的查找。
在该具体实施方式中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储在计算机可读存储介质上,该计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储供计算机系统使用的代码和/或数据的任何设备或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器,非易失性存储器,诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(紧凑盘)、DVD(数字多功能盘或数字视频盘)之类的磁和光存储设备,或者能够存储现在已知或以后开发的计算机可读介质的其他介质。
在具体实施方式部分中描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据,其可以存储在如上所述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读取并执行在计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时,该计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储在计算机可读存储介质内的方法和过程。
另外,上述的方法和过程可以被包括在硬件模块或装置中。硬件模块或装置可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、执行特定软件模块或特定时间的一条代码的专用或共享的处理器、以及现在已知或以后开发的其他可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块或装置被激活时,它们执行其中包括的方法和过程。
已经仅出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本发明的实施例的前述描述。它们并非旨在穷举或将本发明限制于所公开的形式。因此,许多修改和变化对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。此外,以上公开内容并非旨在限制本发明。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。
Claims (23)
1.一种用于转发分组的计算机实现的方法,该方法包括:
由中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分;
响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象而从所述第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣;
在待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中所述条目指示所述第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符;和
将所述第一分组发送到另一节点,从而促进在所述第一分组中指示的所述一组成员兴趣的有效通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一分组还包括与用于将所述第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件相关联的信息,其中单独兴趣具有与所述第一分组的相应成员兴趣相同的名称,其中所述方法还包括:
处理所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是跳计数,其指示在所述第一分组将被分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣之前的剩余跳的数目,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于确定所述跳计数等于零而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是名称前缀,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于基于最长前缀匹配确定了所述名称前缀与转发信息库中的条目匹配而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
5.如权利要求2至4中任一项所述的方法,其中,处理单独兴趣还包括:
基于所述单独兴趣的名称在缓存中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找;
响应于获得所述匹配的内容对象而进行以下操作:
将所述匹配的内容对象转发到上一跳节点;
从所述待定兴趣表中移除匹配条目,或从该匹配条目中移除与所述单独兴趣相关联的到达接口;并且
响应于未获得所述匹配的内容对象而进行以下操作:
在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述单独兴趣相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目,向该匹配条目添加与所述单独兴趣相关联的到达接口;
响应于未获得该匹配条目,添加对应于所述单独兴趣的新条目;和
转发所述单独兴趣。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中,响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,所述方法还包括:
在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;和
响应于确定在该匹配条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足,从所述待定兴趣表中移除该匹配条目;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
响应于确定在所述第一分组中指示了一个或多个成员兴趣:
在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中所添加的条目不指示得到满足的成员兴趣;和
转发所述第一分组;并且
响应于确定在所述第一分组中未指示成员兴趣而丢弃所述第一分组。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,还包括:
响应于未获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目,在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目,在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目。
8.一种用于促进分组转发的计算机系统,该系统包括:
处理器;和
存储设备,其存储有指令,所述指令当被所述处理器执行时使所述处理器执行方法,该方法包括:
由中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分;
响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象而从所述第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣;
在待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中该条目指示所述第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符;和
将所述第一分组发送到另一节点,从而促进在所述第一分组中指示的所述一组成员兴趣的有效通信。
9.如权利要求8所述的计算机系统,其中,所述第一分组还包括与用于将所述第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件相关联的信息,其中单独兴趣具有与所述第一分组的相应成员兴趣相同的名称,其中所述方法还包括:
处理所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
10.如权利要求9所述的计算机系统,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是跳计数,其指示在所述第一分组将被分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣之前的剩余跳的数目,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于确定所述跳计数等于零而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的计算机系统,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是名称前缀,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于基于最长前缀匹配确定了所述名称前缀与转发信息库中的条目匹配而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,处理单独兴趣还包括:
基于所述单独兴趣的名称在缓存中执行对匹配的内容对象的查找;
响应获得所述匹配的内容对象而进行以下操作:
将所述匹配的内容对象转发到上一跳节点;
从所述待定兴趣表中移除匹配条目,或从该匹配条目中移除与所述单独兴趣相关联的到达接口;并且
响应于未获得所述匹配的内容对象而进行以下操作:
在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述单独兴趣相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目,向该匹配条目添加与所述单独兴趣相关联的到达接口;
响应于未获得该匹配条目,添加对应于所述单独兴趣的新条目;和
转发所述单独兴趣。
13.如权利要求8至12中任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,所述方法还包括:
在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;和
响应于确定在该匹配条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足而从所述待定兴趣表中删除该匹配条目;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
响应于确定在所述第一分组中指示了一个或多个成员兴趣:
在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中所添加的条目不指示得到满足的成员兴趣;和
转发所述第一分组;并且
响应于确定在所述第一分组中未指示成员兴趣而丢弃所述第一分组。
14.如权利要求8至13中任一项所述的计算机系统,其中,所述方法还包括:
响应于未获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目,在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目,在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目。
15.一种存储有指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质,所述指令当被计算机执行时使该计算机执行方法,该方法包括:
由中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分;
响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象而从所述第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣;
在待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中该条目指示所述第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符;和
将所述第一分组发送到另一节点,从而促进在所述第一分组中指示的所述一组成员兴趣的有效通信。
16.如权利要求15所述的存储介质,其中,所述第一分组还包括与用于将所述第一分组分割成一个或多个单独兴趣的条件相关联的信息,其中单独兴趣具有与所述第一分组的相应成员兴趣相同的名称,其中所述方法还包括:
处理所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
17.如权利要求16所述的存储介质,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是跳计数,其指示在所述第一分组将被分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣之前的剩余跳的数目,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于确定所述跳计数等于零而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的存储介质,其中,与所述条件相关联的所述信息是名称前缀,其中所述方法还包括:
响应于基于最长前缀匹配确定了所述名称前缀与转发信息库中的条目匹配而进行以下操作:
将所述第一分组分割成所述一个或多个单独兴趣;
丢弃所述第一分组;和
转发所述一个或多个单独兴趣。
19.如权利要求15至18中任一项所述的存储介质,其中,响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,所述方法还包括:
在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;和
响应于确定在该匹配条目中指示的所有成员兴趣都得到满足而从所述待定兴趣表中移除该匹配条目;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目而进行以下操作:
响应于确定在所述第一分组中指示了一个或多个成员兴趣:
在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目,其中所添加的条目不指示得到满足的成员兴趣;以及
转发所述第一分组;并且
响应于确定在所述第一分组中未指示成员兴趣而丢弃所述第一分组。
20.如权利要求15至19中任一项所述的存储介质,其中,所述方法还包括:
响应于未获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象,在所述待定兴趣表中执行对与所述第一分组相对应的匹配条目的查找;
响应于获得该匹配条目,在该匹配条目中标记所述成员兴趣得到满足的指示符;并且
响应于未获得该匹配条目,在所述待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目。
21.一种在有形计算机可读介质上编码的计算机程序、计算机程序产品或逻辑,包括用于实现根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法的指令。
22.一种用于转发分组的设备,该设备包括:
用于由中间节点接收具有名称并指示一组成员兴趣的第一分组的装置,其中成员兴趣具有名称,其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符,其包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的连续名称成分;
用于响应于获得满足成员兴趣的内容对象而从所述第一分组中移除所指示的成员兴趣的装置;
用于在待定兴趣表中添加针对所述第一分组的条目的装置,其中该条目指示所述第一分组的名称、每个成员兴趣的名称、以及每个成员兴趣是否得到满足的指示符;和
用于将所述第一分组发送到另一节点从而促进在所述第一分组中指示的所述一组成员兴趣的有效通信的装置。
23.根据权利要求22所述的设备,还包括用于实现根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的方法的装置。
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US20180375771A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
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US10581741B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
CN109417567B (zh) | 2021-07-27 |
EP3476105A1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
US20170373974A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
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