CN109393469A - 一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109393469A CN109393469A CN201811523341.1A CN201811523341A CN109393469A CN 109393469 A CN109393469 A CN 109393469A CN 201811523341 A CN201811523341 A CN 201811523341A CN 109393469 A CN109393469 A CN 109393469A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，属于农产品深加工技术领域。该营养粉包括下述配比的组分：蚕豆营养粉25‑40％、山药10‑15％、茯苓8‑15％、莲子8‑15％、三七3‑5％、山楂15‑20％、葛根15‑20％、玉竹8‑10％、桑叶8‑10％。该制备方法的步骤包括：1)蚕豆营养粉的提取，2)功能性蚕豆粉的制备，3)功能性蚕豆营养粉的配比，4)水解，5)干燥灭菌及粉碎。得到的功能性蚕豆营养粉，不仅可以调控血糖平衡，降低胆固醇及甘油三酯，还能起到一定的减肥功用，很好的改善了市场营养粉品种单一，满足了消费者对功能性食品这一新兴趋势的追求。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种具有功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，其属于农产品深加工技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，功能性食品作为一种新兴趋势，深得消费者喜爱，它不仅对人体健康颇有益处，其所带来的营养价值也不容小觑。依据目前市场状况来看，对于功能性食品的开发、研究和进展还需进一步开拓。如今，各种保健营养粉日益增加，出现在大众视野的主要为五谷营养粉、多元素营养粉、全营养粉等，直观的反映了品种缺乏不完善，且并不能更好的满足消费者的市场需求；其次，各营养粉的配料配比不一，其针对不同问题的产品营养价值构成比例还需研究。
蚕豆营养丰富，蛋白质含量约占30％，且蚕豆中只含豆固醇，它对预防脑溢血和动脉硬化等疾病有着重要的作用；蚕豆中淀粉含量约占48-62％，脂肪含量约占0.8％，膳食纤维含量约占3.1％，是一种高蛋白、富淀粉、低脂肪的作物；同时，蚕豆中还含有丰富的维生素和钙、锌、锰、磷等微量元素，也含有原花青素、黄酮类等生理活性物质，有抗氧化、抑制病原微生物及抗炎等多种功效，可作为很好的功能食物来源；蚕豆中的抗性淀粉是一种新兴的膳食纤维，它具有类似溶解性纤维的生理功能，已有报道表明在体内能不被胃和小肠液消化，但在大肠中可被大肠益生微生物菌群部分发酵，产生短链脂肪酸(Short-ChainFatty Acid，SCFA)和气体，从而发挥出对人体独特的生理功能，能够维护肠道健康和降低餐后血糖浓度，降低胆固醇和甘油三酯，促进维生素和矿物质的吸收等功效，对许多慢性病的防治有着重要的意义，也正因此诸多特性而受到广泛关注，在食品开发方面前景十分广阔。
山药，其大量的多糖复合物粘蛋白，能防止脂肪沉积，保持血管的弹性，阻止动脉粥样硬化，皂甙可以调节血压、降血糖、降血脂；茯苓，所含的茯苓酸具有增强免疫力、镇静、降血糖等作用，也可松弛消化道平滑肌，抑制胃酸分泌；莲子，在所有动、植物食品中钾的含量位居榜首，其所含非结晶形生物碱N-9具有降血压作用；三七，富含三七皂苷、三七多糖、三七素、黄酮等有效成分，具有抗疲劳、耐缺氧、降血脂、降血压、提高机体免疫功能等作用；葛根，其根含异黄酮成分葛根素、葛根素木糖甙、大豆黄酮、大豆黄酮甙及β-谷甾醇、花生酸，又含多量淀粉。现代医学研究表明：葛根中的异黄酮类化合物葛根素对高血压、高血脂、高血糖和心脑血管疾病有一定疗效；玉竹，其提取类黄酮物质与桑叶提取物脱氧野尻霉素结合形成一种新物质-洗胰清糖素(cics)，具有降血糖、血脂、血压等作用；山楂，具有降血脂、降血压等作用，其黄酮类化合物牡荆素，是一种抗癌作用较强的药物，其提取物对抑制体内癌细胞生长、增殖和浸润转移均有一定的作用。
针对上述现状及理论知识了解，本发明将制备一种功能性蚕豆营养粉，把功能性蚕豆粉与药食同源的天然食材相结合，科学配比，对于功能性食品而言，合理的配方是均衡摄入营、养的关键，营养粉制品水分含量少，易于存贮，且冲泡性良好，无其他食品添加剂的添加，且市面上目前尚无把以上几种物质结合在一起来发挥其最大的营养功效。
发明内容
技术问题为增加现有营养粉的品种，优化营养粉的营养价值，结合上述提出的问题，本发明的目的是通过在蚕豆中制备功能性蚕豆粉，结合药食同源的天然食材，复配形成功能性蚕豆营养粉，适合广大胃肠消化不好和缺乏膳食纤维摄入量的人群日常服用，使功能性蚕豆营养粉具有养胃润肠、健脾益气、促进肠道蠕动、降低体脂胆固醇、增加饱腹感、维持血糖稳定等多种营养保健功能性。
技术方案本发明提供了一种营养保健型食品之一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
1.蚕豆营养粉的提取
取100目未处理的蚕豆粉，以1∶2-1∶5的料液比加入pH 10的氢氧化钙溶液浸泡1-3h，每隔15分钟搅拌一次，用200目滤网进行过滤，将滤液在2000-6000r/min的条件下离心5-20min，沉淀物反复水洗离心3-6次，直至上层清液无色透明。将沉淀物置于鼓风干燥箱中，在30-60℃下干燥脱水，粉碎后即得到蚕豆粉。
2.功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备
取上述制备好的蚕豆粉，配置成浓度为20-40％(m/v)的溶液，放入高压灭菌锅中，在105-130℃的温度下压热处理10-50min，拿出冷至室温，再于4℃条件下静置回生12-36h，然后在30-100℃的鼓风干燥箱中脱水干燥，粉碎后即得到功能性蚕豆粉。
3.功能性蚕豆营养粉的配比
将各种具有功能性营养的食材分别超微打粉至100目，过筛除去粗纤维物质，取上述制备的功能性蚕豆粉与各营养粉按照比例进行配比，该营养粉包括下述配比的组分：蚕豆营养粉25-40％、山药10-15％、茯苓8-15％、莲子8-15％、三七3-5％、山楂15-20％、葛根15-20％、玉竹8-10％、桑叶8-10％。
4.水解
取上述步骤中调配好的功能性蚕豆营养粉，其加入的复合酶浓度为0.004-0.05％(复合酶质量/浆液体积)，且该复合酶中包含蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶；在该复合酶中，蛋白酶质量占50-70％，α-淀粉酶质量占30-50％，纤维素酶质量占20-30％，且在pH值4-6、温度40-60℃、时间0.5-1h的酶解条件下进行水解制浆。
5.干燥灭菌及粉碎
把水解后的浆液输送到滚筒干燥成型机，在压力0.2-0.6MPa，温度120-150℃，干燥时间7-30s的条件下进行灭菌干燥粉碎，最终得到功能性蚕豆营养粉成品。
本发明的主要优点和积极效果如下：
本发明制备的功能性蚕豆营养粉，通过对蚕豆及其他药食同源食材的科学选择与配比，各食材功效相互提升补充、易消化，产品的功能与保健价值高，口感细腻，无任何食品添加剂的增加，保证了对人体无害。
通过高温高压处理蚕豆粉，有效提高了蚕豆粉的营养活性，增强了身体的消化与吸收，使之食用更为健康。
本发明制备的功能性蚕豆营养粉，使用复合酶酶解，酶的种类的挑选及酶解条件的合适选择进一步提高了食材营养成分的溶解率，进而使营养粉的功效也大大提升，且使用复合酶方便、快捷、效果佳。
本发明制备的功能性蚕豆营养粉，长期服用，可以使葡萄糖释放缓慢，调控血糖平衡，减少饥饿感；还具有可溶性食用纤维的功能，降低胆固醇及甘油三酯水平，达到一定的减肥功用；增加排便量，减少便秘，减少结肠癌的危险来保持胃肠的健康。很好的符合了消费者对食物天然、营养、保健的需求，是一种适合长期食用功能性保健营养粉，预计具有广阔的市场发展潜力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明之一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备，以蚕豆为原料提取制备功能性蚕豆粉并与之药食同源的食材相复配，进一步加工、干燥灭菌、包装得到功能性蚕豆营养粉。本发明之一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法：
1.蚕豆营养粉的提取
取100目蚕豆面粉，以1∶3的料液比加入pH 10的氢氧化钙溶液浸泡1.5h，每隔15分钟搅拌一次，用200目滤网进行过滤，将滤液在4000r/min的条件下离心15min，沉淀物反复水洗离心5次，直至上层清液无色透明。将沉淀物置于鼓风干燥箱中，在40℃下干燥脱水，粉碎后即得到蚕豆粉。
2.功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备
取上述制备好的蚕豆粉，配置成浓度为30％(m/v)的溶液，放入高压灭菌锅中，在121℃的温度下压热处理38min，拿出冷至室温，再于4℃条件下静置回生24h，然后在90℃的鼓风干燥箱中脱水干燥，粉碎后即可得到功能性蚕豆粉。
3.功能性蚕豆营养粉的配比
将各种具有功能性营养的食材分别超微打粉至100目，过筛除去粗纤维物质，取上述制备好的功能性蚕豆粉与各营养粉按照比例进行配比，该营养粉包括下述配比的组分：蚕豆营养粉25％、山药10％、茯苓8％、莲子8％、三七3％、山楂15％、葛根15％、玉竹8％、桑叶8％。
4.水解
取上述步骤中调配好的功能性蚕豆营养粉，加入的复合酶浓度为0.01％，且该复合酶中包含蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶；在该复合酶液中，蛋白酶质量占50％，α-淀粉酶质量占30％，纤维素酶质量占20％，且在酶解条件为pH 5、温度50℃、时间0.8h的操作条件下进行水解制浆。
5.干燥灭菌及粉碎
把水解后的浆液输送到滚筒干燥成型机，在压力0.4MPa，温度135℃，干燥时间15s的条件下进行灭菌干燥粉碎，最终可得功能性蚕豆营养粉成品。
以上所述仅为本发明的较为可观的实例，并不用以限制本发明，反正在本发明的理论与原则之内制备方式内的任何修改，相同形式的替换变更等，均应包括及包含本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例2
本发明之一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备，以蚕豆为原料提取制备功能性蚕豆粉并与之药食同源的食材相复配，进一步加工、干燥灭菌、包装得到功能性蚕豆营养粉。本发明之一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法：
1.蚕豆营养粉的提取
取100目蚕豆面粉，以1∶5的料液比加入PH＝10的氢氧化钙溶液浸泡2h，每隔15分钟搅拌一次，用200目滤网进行过滤，将滤液在5000r/min的条件下离心20min，沉淀物反复水洗离心6次，直至上层清液无色透明。将沉淀物置于鼓风干燥箱中，在50℃下干燥脱水，粉碎后即得到蚕豆粉。
2.功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备
取上述制备好的蚕豆粉，配置成浓度为40％(m/v)的溶液，放入高压灭菌锅中，在121℃的温度下压热处理45min，拿出冷至室温，再于4℃条件下静置回生24h，然后在95℃的鼓风干燥箱中脱水干燥，得到功能性蚕豆粉。
3.功能性蚕豆营养粉的配比
将各种具有功能性营养的食材超微打粉至100目，过筛除去粗纤维物质，取上述制备好的功能性蚕豆粉与各营养粉按照比例进行配比，该营养粉包括下述配比的组分：蚕豆营养粉40％、山药15％、茯苓15％、莲子15％、三七5％、山楂20％、葛根20％、玉竹10％、桑叶10％。
4.水解
取上述步骤中调配好的功能性蚕豆营养粉，加入的复合酶浓度为0.02％，且该复合酶中包含蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶；在该复合酶液中，蛋白酶质量占70％，α-淀粉酶质量占50％，纤维素酶质量占30％，且在酶解条件为pH 5.5、温度55℃、时间1h的操作条件下进行水解制浆。
5.干燥灭菌及粉碎
把水解后的浆液输送到滚筒干燥成型机，在压力0.5MPa，温度145℃，干燥时间20s的条件下进行灭菌干燥粉碎，最终可得功能性蚕豆营养粉成品。
以上所述仅为本发明的较为可观的实例，并不用以限制本发明，反正在本发明的理论与原则之内制备方式内的任何修改，相同形式的替换变更等，均应包括及包含本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，其特征在于采取如下步骤：
A蚕豆粉的提取
取100目未处理的蚕豆粉，以1∶2-1∶5的料液比加入pH 10的氢氧化钙溶液浸泡1-3h，每隔15min搅拌一次，用200目滤网进行过滤，将滤液在2000-6000r/min的条件下离心5-20min，沉淀物反复水洗离心3-6次，直至上层清液无色透明，将沉淀物置于鼓风干燥箱中，在30-60℃下干燥脱水，粉碎后即得到蚕豆粉。
B功能性蚕豆粉的制备
取上述A中提取的蚕豆粉，配置成浓度为20-40％(m/v)的溶液，放入高压灭菌锅中，在105-130℃的温度下压热处理10-50min，拿出冷至室温，再于4℃条件下静置回生12-36h，然后在30-100℃的鼓风干燥箱中脱水干燥，粉碎后即得到功能性蚕豆粉。
C功能性蚕豆营养粉的配比
将各种具有功能性营养的食材分别超微打粉至100目，过筛除去粗纤维物质，备用。取上述B中制备的功能性蚕豆粉与各营养粉按照比例进行配比。
D水解
取上述C中配制好的功能性蚕豆营养粉加入复合酶进行水解制浆。
E干燥灭菌及粉碎
把水解后的浆液输送到滚筒干燥机(江苏民益食品机械厂)中，在压力0.2-0.6MPa、温度120-150℃、干燥时间7-30s的操作条件下进行灭菌干燥粉碎，最终得到功能性蚕豆营养粉成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，其特征在于步骤C中所述的功能性蚕豆营养粉包括下述配比的组分：蚕豆营养粉25-40％、山药10-15％、茯苓8-15％、莲子8-15％、三七3-5％、山楂15-20％、葛根15-20％、玉竹8-10％以及桑叶8-10％。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，其特征在于步骤D中所述的复合酶的浓度为0.004-0.05％(复合酶质量/浆液体积)，其中蛋白酶(上海源叶生物有限公司)的质量占复合酶总质量的50-70％，α-淀粉酶(湖南尤特尔生化有限公司)的质量占复合酶总质量的30-50％，纤维素酶(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)的质量占复合酶总质量的20-30％。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种功能性蚕豆营养粉的制备方法，其特征在于步骤D中所述的复合酶的酶解条件为：pH 4-6、酶解温度40-60℃、酶解时间0.5-1h。
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