CN109349172B - Hybrid breeding method for loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus - Google Patents
Hybrid breeding method for loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus Download PDFInfo
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine Chemical compound II.C=CN1CCCC1=O CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxytocin Natural products N1C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101800000989 Oxytocin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000153 Povidone-iodine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N gonadorelin Chemical class C([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N oxytocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001723 oxytocin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001621 povidone-iodine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010044781 salmon gonadotropin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035199 Tetraploidy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for crossbreeding loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: parent cultivation, pond management, artificial insemination and incubation, and seedling cultivation. The method provided by the invention can improve the survival rate of the loach fries, and the first male parent and female parent crossbreed bred by the method has high fertility rate, high hatching rate and survival rate, high growth speed, and shape, body and taste close to those of the loach.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a hybrid breeding method of loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus.
Background
Loach is a small special economic fish, and has small head, less thorns and good taste. Loach has high nutritional and medicinal values, is entitled as ginseng, soft gold and the like in water, and has been gradually accepted by the public for health maintenance and food therapy. Loaches have different qualities due to different producing areas and living environments. The native loach variety in China mainly comprises loaches and paradise phosphate loaches, wherein the loaches have ideal body shapes and body colors and good mouthfeel, and the paradise phosphate loaches have high growth speed and strong disease resistance. The paramisgurnus dabryanus (Taiwan loach) has the characteristics of high growth speed, low bait coefficient, strong disease resistance, dislike of drilling mud and the like, and becomes a main variety for artificial breeding of the loaches in China, but the paramisgurnus dabryanus has poor appearance, meat quality and taste, and has low market acceptance in most regions in China. In China, diploid loaches and tetraploid loaches with larger individuals are widely distributed. Therefore, by utilizing the hybridization of the two loaches, a superior hybridization combination is expected to be found. In addition, the loach fry is usually low in survival rate in actual production operation at present, particularly the survival rate from water bloom to cun fry is generally 20-30%, and the fry cost is increased. One important reason for the low survival rate of the seedlings at this stage is that the pond is not managed properly and natural enemies in the water body are not removed completely.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
the loach fry breeding stage management method is improper, the survival rate is low, the breeding cost is increased, and meanwhile, the paramisgurnus dabryanus has poor shape and taste and cannot meet the requirements of consumers in most domestic areas.
The present application is proposed for the above reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for hybridizing and breeding loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus, and the method can improve the survival rate of loach fries.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
a method for crossbreeding loaches and Paramisgurnus dabryanus comprises the following steps:
(I) parent cultivation
(1) Parent pool preparation
Constructing loach and paramisgurnus dabryanus parent pools in loess or loam places with convenient traffic, sufficient water source, quiet environment, good water quality, neutral or slightly acidic soil, 2-3 mu of area, 1.0-1.5 m of depth of the pools, 0.6-1.0 m of water level, 15-25 cm of depth of sludge at the bottoms of the pools, arranging a drainage system, wherein a water inlet is 20-40 cm higher than the water surface, and an anti-escape filter screen is arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet;
(2) pool cleaning
Before breeding parents, adopting quicklime with water for disinfection, and after 5 days, injecting fresh water to the depth of 0.6-1.0 m;
(3) throw in
The specification requirements of loach parents are as follows: in Yichun, loaches of which the body length is more than 15cm and the body weight is more than 30g are native, loaches of which the body length is more than 13cm and the body weight is more than 24g are native; paramisgurnus dabryanus, female loaches are larger than 20cm in body length, body weights are larger than 50g, male loaches are larger than 16cm in body length, and body weights are larger than 30 g; parent stocking density is 2500 male and female and 5000 loaches/mu respectively, and loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus are bred in different ponds;
pond management
(1) Parental pool management
The parent pool is made to work in a pond patrol mode, the feeding condition of the loaches is observed, the feeding amount is adjusted according to weather, water quality and water temperature, and escape, leakage and enemy are prevented; in the season of easy occurrence of diseases, povidone iodine and the insect repellent powder are used for disinfection and disinsection every week;
(2) pond management of growing seedlings
Before putting the offspring seeds, the work of disinfection and disinsection is well done, which is as follows:
disinfecting with quicklime with water 10 days before putting, and injecting new water after 5 days; 3d before the imidacloprid is thrown, the imidacloprid is splashed to the whole pool for killing insects; 3d before the feeding, sprinkling compound amino acid and fermented farmyard manure water in the whole pool to culture plankton baits;
after 4 days of putting the seedlings, sprinkling imidacloprid to the whole pool for killing insects for 1 time;
after 14 days of putting the seedlings, sprinkling imidacloprid to the whole pool for killing insects for 1 time;
then, the imidacloprid is sprinkled to kill insects for 1 time in the whole pool every 20 days;
wherein: the dosage of the imidacloprid is 0.2-0.6 kg/mu each time, the dosage of the compound amino acid is 4-6 kg/mu, and the dosage of the fermented farmyard manure is 80-120 kg/mu;
(III) Artificial insemination and hatching
(1) In last ten days of 4 months, raising the temperature of water to 22-28 ℃, fishing the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus parents by using a ground cage, selecting mature parent loaches one by one, returning the immature parent loaches to the pond for continuous cultivation, wherein the male and female selection ratio is 4:1, and the whole selection process is controlled within 2 hours;
(2) injecting a compound salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue special for loaches into parent loaches, wherein the injection amount of female loaches is 0.7 mL/kg, the dosage of male loaches is reduced by half, injecting a medicament into the head direction by adopting a back muscle injection method, wherein the needle point and back muscles form an angle of 45 degrees, the injection depth is 0.15-0.25 cm, and temporarily breeding the parent loaches injected with oxytocin in an incubation pool hung with fish nests respectively;
(3) after 12h, artificial egg taking and fertilization are carried out: slightly pressing the abdomen of female loaches to extrude eggs into a dry vessel, wherein the laying time of the eggs is not too long, the eggs are inseminated as soon as possible after the weight of the eggs reaches 0.8 kilogram, extruding semen of male loaches into physiological saline at the low temperature of less than 25 ℃, slightly and uniformly stirring the mixture by using feathers, then pouring the mixture into the eggs, slightly and uniformly stirring the mixture by using feathers to fully mix the eggs and the sperm, then adding pollution-free yellow muddy water, stirring the mixture to perform debonding treatment, and transferring the debonded fertilized eggs to an incubation barrel for incubation;
(4) after the fertilized eggs are transferred to an incubation barrel, increasing water flow, enabling the fertilized eggs to continuously roll upwards along with the water flow, enabling the water temperature to be 22-28 ℃, incubating loach seedlings after 26-30 h, transferring the loach seedlings to a temporary culture pond, and transferring loach water flowers to a prepared seedling culture pond after 2 d;
(5) the hybridization combination is as follows: male and female, and male and female are selfed to serve as controls, wherein: a platform: taiwan loaches, Paramisgurnus dabryanus; cyan: loaches, local loaches in Yichun;
(IV) cultivating the seeds
Filling loach seedlings in plastic oxygen-filled bags, transporting the loach seedlings to a seedling pool, floating the loach seedlings in water, filling pool water into the loach seedlings after 30min, and enabling the loach seedlings to automatically swim out, wherein the water bloom throwing density is 60 ten thousand pieces/mu;
seedling release time: preferably 9-10 am;
feeding a proper amount of soybean milk, milk powder and egg yolk 1-7 days after seedling placement every morning, noon and evening;
after the seedlings are put for 8 days, feeding the special powder materials for the soybean milk, the milk powder and the loaches every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feeding amount of the soybean milk and the milk powder is reduced day by day, the powder materials are increased day by day, and the using amount of the powder materials is not more than 4.0 kg/mu at most every day;
feeding loach special powder every morning, noon and evening after the loach is put for 16 days, wherein the feeding amount is gradually increased from 4.0 kg/mu;
after the loaches are put for 25 days, feeding special feed for the loaches No. 0 every morning, noon and evening, soaking for 3min before feeding, then uniformly scattering in the whole pool, and then feeding according to the feeding condition of the loaches;
the feeding amount is referred under the condition of proper weather and temperature, and the actual feeding condition is fed according to the specific weather, temperature and feeding condition of the loaches.
Further, the dosage of the feed special for loach number 0 in the step of breeding and releasing the fries for 25d in the technical scheme is 6.0-10.0 kg/mu, preferably 8.0 kg/mu.
Further, the quicklime usage in the step (2) and the pond cleaning step of the parent breeding in the technical scheme is preferably 100 jin/mu.
Further, the usage amount of the quicklime in the step (2) of pond management and the step of nursery pond management in the technical scheme is preferably 100 jin/mu.
Further, the dosage of imidacloprid in the step (2) of pond management and the step of nursery pond management in the technical scheme is preferably 0.4 kg/mu, the dosage of the compound amino acid is 5 kg/mu, and the dosage of the fermented farmyard manure is 100 kg/mu.
Further, the fertilized egg hatching time in the step (4) of the artificial insemination and hatching and the fertilized egg hatching step in the above-described technical means is preferably 28 hours.
Further, the soybean milk in the step of (four) seedling cultivation and feeding 1-7 d after seedling release is specifically prepared by beating soybeans into soybean milk and feeding, wherein the dosage of the soybeans is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, preferably 0.5 kg/mu, the dosage of the milk powder is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu, preferably 0.4 kg/mu, and the dosage of the egg yolk is 8-12/mu, preferably 10/mu, and the milk powder and the egg yolk are uniformly dispersed in water and then fed.
Further, the soybean milk in the 8 th feeding step of fry breeding and fry releasing in the technical scheme is specifically fed after soybean milk is made from soybeans, the using amount of the soybeans is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, preferably 0.5 kg/mu, the using amount of the milk powder is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu, preferably 0.4 kg/mu, and the using amount of the special powder for loach is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, preferably 0.5 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fertilized eggs of the first filial generation seedlings cultured by the method have high hatching rate and survival rate, the survival rate reaches 68 percent, the growth speed is high, and in addition, the shape, body color and taste of the first filial generation of Taizhongqing and Qingzhongzi of the invention are all close to those of loaches.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The present invention is implemented on the premise of the technology of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given to illustrate the inventive aspects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Various modifications to the precise description of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the information contained herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the procedures, properties, or components defined, as these embodiments, as well as others described, are intended to be merely illustrative of particular aspects of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art or related fields are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
For a better understanding of the invention, and not as a limitation on the scope thereof, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other numerical values used in this application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless expressly indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Example 1
The loach and paramisgurnus dabryanus hybridization breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) parent pool preparation
The loach and paramisgurnus dabryanus parent pool is constructed in a loess or loam place with the advantages of convenient traffic, sufficient water source, quiet environment, good water quality, neutral or slightly acidic soil, 2-3 mu of area, 1.0-1.5 m of depth of the pool, 0.8m of water level, 20cm of depth of sludge at the bottom of the pool, a drainage system, a water inlet which is about 30cm higher than the water surface, and anti-escape filter screens arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet.
(2) Pool cleaning
Before breeding parents, quicklime with water (about 15 cm) is used for disinfection, the using amount is 100 jin/mu, and after 5 days, fresh water is injected until the water depth is about 0.8 m.
(3) Throw in
The specification requirements of loach parents are as follows: in Yichun, loaches of which the body length is more than 15cm and the body weight is more than 30g are native, loaches of which the body length is more than 13cm and the body weight is more than 24g are native; the specification requirements of loach parents are as follows: the loach is Taiwan loach, the body length of the female loach is more than 20cm, the body weight of the female loach is more than 50g, the body length of the male loach is more than 16cm, and the body weight of the male loach is more than 30 g. The stocking density of the parents is 2500 male and female per mu and 5000 fish per mu, and the loaches and Taiwan loaches are bred in a loose manner.
Pond management
(1) And managing a parent pool.
And (4) making a parent pool work, observing the feeding condition of the loaches, adjusting the bait feeding amount according to weather, water quality and water temperature, and paying attention to escape prevention, leakage prevention and enemy prevention. In the season of easy occurrence of diseases, povidone iodine and the parasite expelling and dispersing medicine are used for disinfection and disinsection every week.
(2) Pond management of growing seedlings
Before putting the offspring seeds, the work of disinfection and disinsection is well done, which is as follows:
disinfecting with quicklime with water (about 15 cm) 10 days before throwing, wherein the dosage is 100 jin/mu, and injecting new water after 5 days; 3 days before the insecticide is put in, imidacloprid (0.4 kg/mu) is sprinkled in the whole pool to kill insects. And 3d before the feed is put in, sprinkling compound amino acid (5 kg/mu) and fermented farmyard manure (100 kg/mu) rich water in the whole pool, and culturing plankton bait.
After 4 days of putting the seedlings, imidacloprid (0.4 kg/mu) is sprinkled in the whole pool for killing insects once.
After 14 days of putting the seedlings, imidacloprid (0.4 kg/mu) is sprinkled in the whole pool for killing insects once.
Thereafter, imidacloprid (0.4 kg/mu) was sprinkled to kill insects for 1 time every 20 days.
(III) Artificial insemination and hatching
(1) In the last ten months of 4, the temperature of water rises to about 25 ℃, and loaches and Taiwan loach parents are caught by using a ground cage. And selecting mature parent loaches one by one, returning the parent loaches which are not developed to a pool for continuous cultivation, wherein the selection ratio of male and female is 4:1, and the whole selection process is controlled within 2 h.
(2) The parent loach is injected with the compound salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (special for loaches), the injection amount of female loaches is 0.7 mL/kg, and the dosage of male loaches is reduced by half. By adopting a back muscle injection method, the needle point and the back muscle form an angle of 45 degrees, and the medicine is injected towards the head direction, and the injection depth is about 0.2 cm. And temporarily breeding the parent loaches injected with the oxytocin in hatching ponds hung with fish nests respectively.
(3) After 12h, artificial egg taking and fertilization are carried out. The eggs are squeezed into a dry vessel by slightly pressing the abdomen of the female loaches, the eggs are not allowed to stand for too long, and the eggs are inseminated as soon as possible after the weight of the eggs reaches 0.8 kilogram. Extruding the sperm of the male loaches into 40mL of physiological saline water at a low temperature (25 ℃), slightly and uniformly stirring the mixture by using feathers, pouring the mixture into eggs, slightly stirring the mixture by using feathers to fully mix the sperm and the eggs, then adding 50mL of pollution-free yellow muddy water, stirring the mixture to perform debonding treatment, and transferring the fertilized eggs to an incubation barrel for incubation after the debonding treatment.
(4) And (3) after the fertilized eggs are transferred to an incubation barrel, increasing the water flow, enabling the fertilized eggs to continuously roll upwards along with the water flow, keeping the water temperature at about 25 ℃, incubating loach seedlings after 28 hours, transferring the loach seedlings to a temporary culture pond, and transferring loach water flowers to a prepared seedling culture pond after 2 days.
(5) The cross-breeding combination is the selfing combination of Taizhong, Qingzhong and Qingzhong as a control (Taiwan loach, loach macrolepis, green loach and local loach in spring). The fertilization rate of the fertilized eggs of the combination of male and female, female and male, male and female and male is higher and reaches about 90%, and the fertilization rate of the fertilized eggs of the combination of male and female and male is only about 58%; the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs of the combination of male and female, female and male, male and female and male is high and reaches about 80%, and the fertilization rate of the fertilized eggs of the combination of male and female and male is only about 50%. The details are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 comparison table of fertilization rates and hatchability rates of different combinations of artificial propagation
(IV) cultivating the seeds
Filling loach fries in plastic oxygen-filled bags, transporting the loach fries to a fry culturing pool, floating the fry filling bags in water, filling pool water into the bags after 30min, and enabling the loach fries to automatically swim out. The throwing density of the water flowers is 60 ten thousand pieces/mu.
Seedling release time: preferably 9-10 am.
Feeding soybean milk (0.5kg of soybeans per mu), milk powder (0.4kg of soybeans per mu) and egg yolks (10 eggs per mu) 1-7 days after seedling placement, wherein the soybean milk, the milk powder and the egg yolks are dissolved by water.
And 8d after the seedlings are placed, feeding soybean milk (0.5kg of soybean per mu), milk powder (0.4kg of milk powder per mu) and special loach powder (0.5kg of loach per mu) every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feeding amount of the soybean milk and the milk powder is reduced day by day, and the feeding amount of the powder is increased day by day.
And after the loach is put for 16 days, feeding the loach special powder every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feeding amount is gradually increased from 4.0 kg/mu.
And after the loaches are put for 25 days, feeding special feed (8.0 kg/mu) for the loaches No. 0 every morning, noon and evening, soaking for 3min before feeding, uniformly scattering in the whole pool, and feeding according to the feeding condition of the loaches.
The feeding amount is referred under the condition of proper weather and temperature, and the actual feeding condition is fed according to the specific weather, temperature and feeding condition of the loaches.
After 4 months of culture, the survival rate, the weight, the shape and the ingestion habit of the offspring seeds of different combinations are recorded, the survival rate of the 4 combined offspring seeds is over 60 percent, the weight is sequentially Tai (male) multiplied by Tai (female) multiplied by Qing (male) multiplied by Qing (female), the shape and the body color and the ingestion habit are similar to those of the female parent, and the shape and the body color and the taste of the Tai (male) multiplied by Qing (female) offspring seeds are closer to those of the blue loaches. The details are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 survival rate, body weight, morphology and eating habits of different combinations of first generation of artificial propagules
The results show that the method can improve the survival rate of the loach fries and breed the first filial generation with the shape, body color and taste close to the Taizhongsuan multiplied by Qingzhongzi of the loach.
Claims (5)
1. A method for crossbreeding loaches and Paramisgurnus dabryanus is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(I) parent cultivation
(1) Parent pool preparation
Constructing loach and paramisgurnus dabryanus parent pools in loess or loam places with convenient traffic, sufficient water source, quiet environment, good water quality, neutral or slightly acidic soil, 2-3 mu of area, 1.0-1.5 m of depth of the pools, 0.6-1.0 m of water level, 15-25 cm of depth of sludge at the bottoms of the pools, arranging a drainage system, wherein a water inlet is 20-40 cm higher than the water surface, and an anti-escape filter screen is arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet;
(2) pool cleaning
Before breeding parents, adopting quicklime with water for disinfection, and after 5 days, injecting fresh water to the depth of 0.6-1.0 m;
(3) throw in
The specification requirements of loach parents are as follows: in Yichun, loaches of which the body length is more than 15cm and the body weight is more than 30g are native, loaches of which the body length is more than 13cm and the body weight is more than 24g are native; paramisgurnus dabryanus, female loaches are larger than 20cm in body length, body weights are larger than 50g, male loaches are larger than 16cm in body length, and body weights are larger than 30 g; parent stocking density is 2500 male and female and 5000 loaches/mu respectively, and loaches and paramisgurnus dabryanus are bred in different ponds;
pond management
(1) Parental pool management
The parent pool is made to work in a pond patrol mode, the feeding condition of the loaches is observed, the feeding amount is adjusted according to weather, water quality and water temperature, and escape, leakage and enemy are prevented; in the season of easy occurrence of diseases, povidone iodine and the insect repellent powder are used for disinfection and disinsection every week;
(2) pond management of growing seedlings
Before putting the offspring seeds, the work of disinfection and disinsection is well done, which is as follows:
disinfecting with quicklime with water 10 days before putting, and injecting new water after 5 days; 3d before the imidacloprid is thrown, the imidacloprid is splashed to the whole pool for killing insects; 3d before the feeding, sprinkling compound amino acid and fermented farmyard manure water in the whole pool to culture plankton baits;
after 4 days of putting the seedlings, sprinkling imidacloprid to the whole pool for killing insects for 1 time;
after 14 days of putting the seedlings, sprinkling imidacloprid to the whole pool for killing insects for 1 time;
then, the imidacloprid is sprinkled to kill insects for 1 time in the whole pool every 20 days;
wherein: the dosage of the imidacloprid is 0.2-0.6 kg/mu each time, the dosage of the compound amino acid is 4-6 kg/mu, and the dosage of the fermented farmyard manure is 80-120 kg/mu;
(III) Artificial insemination and hatching
(1) In last ten days of 4 months, raising the temperature of water to 22-28 ℃, fishing the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus parents by using a ground cage, selecting mature parent loaches one by one, returning the immature parent loaches to the pond for continuous cultivation, wherein the male and female selection ratio is 4:1, and the whole selection process is controlled within 2 hours;
(2) injecting a compound salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue special for loaches into parent loaches, wherein the injection amount of female loaches is 0.7 mL/kg, the dosage of male loaches is reduced by half, injecting a medicament into the head direction by adopting a back muscle injection method, wherein the needle point and back muscles form an angle of 45 degrees, the injection depth is 0.15-0.25 cm, and temporarily breeding the parent loaches injected with oxytocin in an incubation pool hung with fish nests respectively;
(3) after 12h, artificial egg taking and fertilization are carried out: slightly pressing the abdomen of female loaches to extrude eggs into a dry vessel, wherein the laying time of the eggs is not too long, the eggs are inseminated as soon as possible after the weight of the eggs reaches 0.8 kilogram, extruding semen of male loaches into physiological saline at the low temperature of less than 25 ℃, slightly and uniformly stirring the mixture by using feathers, then pouring the mixture into the eggs, slightly and uniformly stirring the mixture by using feathers to fully mix the eggs and the sperm, then adding pollution-free yellow muddy water, stirring the mixture to perform debonding treatment, and transferring the debonded fertilized eggs to an incubation barrel for incubation;
(4) after the fertilized eggs are transferred to an incubation barrel, increasing water flow, enabling the fertilized eggs to continuously roll upwards along with the water flow, enabling the water temperature to be 22-28 ℃, incubating loach seedlings after 26-30 h, transferring the loach seedlings to a temporary culture pond, and transferring loach water flowers to a prepared seedling culture pond after 2 d;
(5) the hybridization combination is as follows: male and female, and male and female are selfed to serve as controls, wherein: a platform: taiwan loaches, Paramisgurnus dabryanus; cyan: loaches, local loaches in Yichun;
(IV) cultivating the seeds
Filling loach seedlings in plastic oxygen-filled bags, transporting the loach seedlings to a seedling pool, floating the loach seedlings in water, filling pool water into the loach seedlings after 30min, and enabling the loach seedlings to automatically swim out, wherein the water bloom throwing density is 60 ten thousand pieces/mu;
seedling release time: preferably 9-10 am;
feeding a proper amount of soybean milk, milk powder and egg yolk 1-7 days after seedling placement every morning, noon and evening;
after the seedlings are put for 8 days, feeding the special powder materials for the soybean milk, the milk powder and the loaches every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feeding amount of the soybean milk and the milk powder is reduced day by day, the powder materials are increased day by day, and the using amount of the powder materials is not more than 4.0 kg/mu at most every day;
feeding loach special powder every morning, noon and evening after the loach is put for 16 days, wherein the feeding amount is gradually increased from 4.0 kg/mu;
and after the loaches are put for 25 days, feeding the loaches special for No. 0 loaches every morning, noon and evening, soaking for 3min before feeding, uniformly scattering in the whole pool, and feeding according to the feeding condition of the loaches.
2. The method for the hybridization breeding of the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the imidacloprid dosage in the step (2) of pond management and the step of nursery pond management is 0.4 kg/mu, the dosage of the compound amino acid is 5 kg/mu, and the dosage of the fermented farmyard manure is 100 kg/mu.
3. The method for the hybridization breeding of the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) hatching the fertilized eggs in the step (4) of artificial insemination and hatching and the step of hatching the fertilized eggs for 28 hours.
4. The method for the hybridization breeding of the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (IV) the soybean milk in the step of cultivating and feeding the seedlings 1-7 days after the seedlings are put is specifically fed after the soybeans are made into soybean milk, the using amount of the soybeans is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu, the using amount of the milk powder is 0.3-0.5 kg/mu, and the using amount of the egg yolk is 8-12 per mu, wherein the milk powder and the egg yolk are uniformly dispersed in water and then fed.
5. The method for the hybridization breeding of the loaches and the paramisgurnus dabryanus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (IV) the dosage of the special loach powder in the steps of fry cultivation and fry placing for 8d is 0.4-0.6 kg/mu.
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