CN109328801B - Method for preventing and treating melon virus diseases by using protective device - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating melon virus diseases by using protective device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328801B CN109328801B CN201811543641.6A CN201811543641A CN109328801B CN 109328801 B CN109328801 B CN 109328801B CN 201811543641 A CN201811543641 A CN 201811543641A CN 109328801 B CN109328801 B CN 109328801B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0231—Tunnels, i.e. protective full coverings for rows of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
A protective device for preventing and treating melon virus diseases and a prevention and treatment method thereof relate to a protective device for preventing and treating virus diseases and a prevention and treatment method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that no effective pesticide for preventing and treating plant virus diseases is found at present and virus diseases are difficult to overcome by adopting antiviral breeding. The protective device for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises an outer net and a group of skeletons; the method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases by using the protective device comprises the following steps: firstly, a protection device is built for each ridge of melons: and secondly, controlling the opening and closing time of the protective device, so that the prevention and the treatment of the melon virus diseases are realized. The invention solves the problems that no effective pesticide for preventing and treating plant virus diseases is found at present and virus diseases are difficult to overcome by adopting antiviral breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a protective device for preventing and treating virus diseases and a prevention and treatment method thereof.
Background
The virus disease is a main factor for always limiting melon planting, the virus disease has great influence on late-maturing melons and repeated melons, the yield of the melons is greatly influenced, the virus disease is mainly spread by aphids, the virus disease can be transmitted by juice friction, and the prevalence of the virus disease is closely related to the number of the aphids and the climatic conditions influencing the activities of the aphids. At present, no effective pesticide for preventing and treating plant virus diseases is found, and due to the serious obstacles of long breeding period, narrow disease-resistant range, quick loss of disease resistance and the like existing in the breeding of disease-resistant melons, the harm of the virus diseases is difficult to overcome through antiviral breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating the virus diseases of melons, aiming at solving the problems that no effective pesticide for preventing and treating the virus diseases of plants is found at present and the virus diseases are difficult to overcome by adopting antiviral breeding.
The protective device for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises an outer net and a group of frameworks, wherein the outer net comprises a top net, two side nets and two end nets, the side nets are positioned on two sides of the top net, and the side nets are connected with the top net through zippers; the frameworks are arch-shaped, and are arranged in parallel; the outer net is positioned outside the framework, and the top net is fixed at the upper part of the framework; the width of the side net is 50-70 cm; the end nets are located at two ends of the framework arranged in parallel and connected with the top net and the side net to seal two ends of the protection device.
The method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases by using the protective device comprises the following steps:
firstly, each ridge of melon builds one above-mentioned protector: the framework is arranged along the ridge, the frameworks are arranged in parallel, the outer net is positioned outside the frameworks, the top net is fixed at the upper part of the framework, the side net is connected with the top net through a zipper, the lower edge of the side net is contacted with soil, the end nets are positioned at two ends of the frameworks which are arranged in parallel, the end nets are connected with the top net and the side nets, and two ends of the protective device are sealed;
secondly, at the pollination stage of the melons, 9 a/day in the morning: 30-10: 30, open the zipper, the top net remains on the skeleton, the side nets fall down naturally, in the afternoon 17: 30-18: and 30, the top net and the side nets are connected to seal the protective device, so that the prevention and the treatment of melon virus diseases are realized.
The size of the outer net is 50-70 meshes; the span of the framework is 3-4 m, and the height of the top of the framework is 90-110 cm; the width of the framework is 4-5 cm, and the parallel distance of the framework is 2-3 m.
When the muskmelon begins to pollinate, the pollination time is 9 in the morning: 30-10: 30, opening the zipper, keeping the top net on the framework, naturally dropping the side net, and enabling the aphids to be in a position of 9: 30-17: the bee self-heating pollination machine is in a dormant state in a period of 30 hours, generally, the machine is inactive, the time can be used for fixing seedlings, pruning, weeding and pesticide spraying, bees carry out self-heating pollination, the top net is kept on the framework after the zipper is opened, and the side net naturally falls down, so that aphids falling on the net can stay on the net and cannot fall on sweet melon seedlings, and the spread of virus diseases is controlled. In the afternoon 17: 30-18: 30, the top net and the side net are connected to seal the protection device, aphids move frequently in the morning and at the evening, and the protection device is sealed at the time, so that the aphids are effectively isolated, and the spread of virus diseases is prevented. The protective device can prevent diseases and ensure the yield of the melons, and the melons planted by the prevention and control method can effectively prevent and control melon virus diseases, and the prevention and control rate reaches more than 97%.
The protection device and the control method thereof fill and optimize the blank of field control of the melon virus diseases, and the method of the invention pollinates naturally, reduces human intervention and workload, has simple and convenient operation, easy manufacture and low cost. The invention effectively solves the problems that no effective pesticide for preventing and treating plant virus diseases is found at present and virus diseases are difficult to overcome by adopting antiviral breeding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a guard of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the protective device for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises an outer net and a group of skeletons, wherein the outer net comprises a top net 1-1, two side nets 1-2 and two end nets 1-3, the side nets 1-2 are positioned at two sides of the top net 1-1, and the side nets are connected with the top net through zippers 1-4; the frameworks 2 are arch-shaped, and the frameworks 2 are arranged in parallel; the outer net is positioned outside the framework 2, and the top net 1-1 is fixed at the upper part of the framework 2; the width of the side net 1-2 is 50-70 cm; the end nets 1-3 are positioned at two ends of the parallel arrangement framework 2, and the end nets 1-3 are connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 to seal two ends of the protection device.
The end net 1-3 of the embodiment is connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 through zippers.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the density of the outer net is 50-70 meshes. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the span of the framework 2 is 3-4 m, and the top height of the framework 2 is 90-110 cm. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the third difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the width of the framework 2 is 4-5 cm, and the parallel distance between adjacent frameworks is 2-3 m. The rest is the same as the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the protective device for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises an outer net and a group of skeletons, wherein the outer net comprises a top net 1-1, two side nets 1-2 and two end nets 1-3, the side nets 1-2 are positioned at two sides of the top net 1-1, and the side nets are connected with the top net through zippers 1-4; the frameworks 2 are arch-shaped, and the frameworks 2 are arranged in parallel; the outer net is positioned outside the framework 2, and the top net 1-1 is fixed at the upper part of the framework 2; the width of the side net 1-2 is 60 cm; the end nets 1-3 are positioned at two ends of the parallel arrangement framework 2, and the end nets 1-3 are connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 to seal two ends of the protection device.
The end net 1-3 of the embodiment is connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 through zippers.
The size of the outer net of the embodiment is 60 meshes; the span of the framework 2 is 4m, and the top height of the framework 2 is 100 cm; the width of the framework 2 is 5cm, and the parallel distance between every two adjacent frameworks is 2-3 m.
The framework of the embodiment is bamboo strips.
The height of the upper end of the side net of the embodiment from the ground surface is not more than 60 cm.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases by using the protection device of the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, a protection device is built for each ridge of melons: the framework 2 is arranged along the ridge, the framework 2 is arranged in parallel, the outer net is positioned on the outer side of the framework 2, the top net 1-1 is fixed at the upper part of the framework 2, the side net 1-2 is connected with the top net 1-1 through a zipper 1-4, the lower edge of the side net is contacted with soil, the end nets 1-3 are positioned at two ends of the framework 2 which is arranged in parallel, the end nets 1-3 are connected with the top net 1-1 and the side nets 1-2, and two ends of the protective device are sealed;
secondly, at the pollination stage of the melons, 9 a/day in the morning: 30-10: 30 opening the zippers 1-4, leaving the top net 1-1 on the framework 2, the side nets 1-2 falling down naturally, 17 in the afternoon: 30-18: and 30, the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 are connected to seal the protection device, so that the prevention and the treatment of melon virus diseases are realized.
The height of the upper end of the side net of the embodiment from the ground surface is not more than 60 cm.
The implementation method has the advantages of natural pollination, reduction of human intervention and workload, simple and convenient operation, easy manufacture and low cost, effectively prevents and treats the melon virus diseases, the prevention and treatment rate reaches more than 97 percent, and the yield of the melons is greatly improved.
The seventh embodiment: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: in the first step, the density of the outer net is 50-70 meshes. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the sixth or seventh embodiment is different from the sixth or seventh embodiment in that: in the first step, the span of the framework 2 is 3-4 m, and the top height of the framework 2 is 90-110 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the sixth or seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the eighth embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in that: in the first step, the width of the framework 2 is 4-5 cm, and the parallel distance between adjacent frameworks is 2-3 m. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the eighth embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases by using the protective device comprises the following steps:
firstly, a protection device is built for each ridge of melons: the framework 2 is arranged along the ridge, the framework 2 is arranged in parallel, the outer net is positioned on the outer side of the framework 2, the top net 1-1 is fixed at the upper part of the framework 2, the side net 1-2 is connected with the top net 1-1 through a zipper 1-4, the lower edge of the side net 1-2 is contacted with soil, the end nets 1-3 are positioned at two ends of the framework 2 arranged in parallel, and the end nets 1-3 are connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 to seal two ends of the protection device;
secondly, in the pollination stage of the melons, the pollination stage is that 10: 00 open the zipper 1-4, the top net 1-1 remains on the frame 2, the side net 1-2 falls naturally, 18: 00 the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 are connected to seal the protection device, thus realizing the prevention and treatment of melon virus diseases.
The size of the outer net of the embodiment is 60 meshes; the span of the framework 2 is 4m, and the top height of the framework 2 is 100 cm; the width of the framework 2 is 4cm, and the parallel distance between adjacent frameworks is 3 m.
The framework of the embodiment is bamboo strips.
The end net 1-3 and the end net 1-3 are connected with the top net 1-1 and the side net 1-2 through zippers.
The protective device in the first embodiment is used on the muskmelon ground with the distance between the center of the groove being 3.8 meters and the depth of the groove being 50 centimeters, the sowing belt at the position 20 centimeters away from the upper opening of the groove is used for sowing, bamboo strips are adopted as the framework of the protective device, the two sides of the bamboo strips are inserted into the ground in an arch shape, then the outer net is buckled on the bamboo strips, the lower parts of the side nets are pressed by soil, and the height between the upper ends of the side nets and the ground surface is 55 cm. After germination accelerating, the plant spacing of the melon seeds is 45 cm, two seeds are planted in each hole, and when the seedlings grow to have two leaves and one heart, the seedlings are fixed. The zipper and the zipper are arranged at the position 60cm away from the two sides of the insect-proof net, and the zipper can be opened towards the two sides, so that the seedling fixing, the pruning, the weeding and the pesticide spraying are facilitated. When the melon is pollinated, the insect-proof net is unfastened by a zipper according to the movement time of aphids in one day, 10 in the morning: the insect-proof net is unfastened at 00 o 'clock, and the insect-proof net is buckled before 6:00 o' clock in the afternoon.
In the embodiment, when the melon begins to pollinate (about 5-7 days are needed, and the melon needs to be pollinated by opening the zipper every day), the melon is pollinated by 9 parts per day in the morning: 00, opening the zipper, keeping the top net on the framework, naturally dropping the side net, enabling aphids to be in a dormant state at the time and normally not to be active, carrying out the operations of fixing seedlings, pruning, weeding and pesticide spraying at the time, carrying out self-heating pollination on bees, and in the afternoon, 17: 30-18: 30, the top net and the side net are connected to seal the protection device, aphids move frequently in the morning and at the evening, and the protection device is sealed at the time, so that the aphids are effectively isolated, and the spread of virus diseases is prevented. And the top net is remained on the framework after the zipper is opened, and the side net falls down naturally, so that aphids falling on the net can be remained on the net and cannot fall on the sweet melon seedlings, and the spread of virus diseases is further controlled. The protection device of this embodiment can also guarantee the output of melon when preventing diseases. The melon planted by the protection mode of the embodiment can effectively prevent and treat melon virus diseases, and the prevention and treatment rate reaches 98%.
The protective device and the control method thereof fill up and optimize the blank of field control of melon virus diseases, the method is simple and convenient to operate and easy to manufacture, because the width of the melon ridges is the same, the needed frameworks are the same as the size and the length of the insect-proof net, the detachment and the installation are easy, the protective device is suitable for being used in different places, the problem that the planting of melons in a greenhouse is difficult to replace is effectively solved, the insect-proof net and the bamboo strips which are 60 meshes are used as materials of the protective device and can be repeatedly used for 3 years, natural pollination is realized, the human intervention and the workload are reduced, and the planting cost is reduced.
And (3) comparison test:
the first group adopts the mode of the specific embodiment ten to plant melons (the top net is kept on the framework, and the side nets naturally fall down); the second group adopts the mode of the specific embodiment ten to plant the melons, but in the second step, the top net is completely opened, and the side nets naturally fall down; the third group had melon planted in the conventional manner.
The control rate of the virus diseases, the yield of the melons and the like are counted through observation and recording, and the results of the test data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | First group | Second group | Third group |
| Prevention and treatment rate of viral diseases | 98％ | 65％ | 5％ |
| Incidence of virus | 5％ | 50％ | 97％ |
| Pollination rate | 98％ | 75％ | 100％ |
| Yield of melon | 4000 jin/mu | 1800 jin/mu | About 0 jin/mu |
| When used manually (average) | 3 hours/day | 4 hours/day | 3 hours/day |
As can be seen from the data in the table 1, the method of the embodiment has the advantages of natural pollination, reduction of human intervention and workload, reduction of planting cost, high prevention and treatment rate of virus diseases and stable yield per mu.
Claims (4)
1. The method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases by using the protective device is characterized in that the protective device for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises an outer net and a group of skeletons, wherein the outer net comprises a top net (1-1), two side nets (1-2) and two end nets (1-3), the side nets (1-2) are positioned at two sides of the top net (1-1), and the side nets and the top net are connected through zippers (1-4); the frameworks (2) are arch-shaped, and the frameworks (2) are arranged in parallel; the outer net is positioned on the outer side of the framework (2), and the top net (1-1) is fixed on the upper part of the framework (2); the width of the side net (1-2) is 50-70 cm; the end nets (1-3) are positioned at two ends of the parallel arrangement framework (2), and the end nets (1-3) are connected with the top net (1-1) and the side net (1-2) to seal two ends of the protection device;
the method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases comprises the following steps:
firstly, a protection device is built for each ridge of melons: the framework (2) is arranged along the ridge, the frameworks (2) are arranged in parallel, the outer net is positioned on the outer side of the framework (2), the top net (1-1) is fixed at the upper part of the framework (2), the side nets (1-2) are connected with the top net (1-1) through zippers (1-4), the lower edges of the side nets (1-2) are in contact with soil, the end nets (1-3) are positioned at two ends of the framework (2) which is arranged in parallel, and the end nets (1-3) are connected with the top net (1-1) and the side nets (1-2) to seal two ends of the protection device;
secondly, at the pollination stage of the melons, 9 a/day in the morning: 30-10: 30, opening the zipper (1-4), keeping the top net (1-1) on the framework (2), and naturally dropping the side net (1-2) in the afternoon of 17: 30-18: and 30, the top net (1-1) and the side net (1-2) are connected to seal the protection device, so that the prevention and the treatment of melon virus diseases are realized.
2. The method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the density of the outer net in the step one is 50-70 meshes.
3. The method for preventing and treating the melon viral diseases according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step one, the span of the skeleton (2) is 3-4 m, and the top height of the skeleton (2) is 90-110 cm.
4. The method for preventing and treating the melon virus diseases according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, the width of the framework (2) is 4-5 cm, and the parallel distance between the adjacent frameworks is 2-3 m.
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| CN109328801B true CN109328801B (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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| CN110999697A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-04-14 | 新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心 | Method for preventing and treating virus diseases of melons in Kash areas through arched shed net covering |
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| CN2529506Y (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-01-08 | 左可华 | Insect preventing screen greenhouse |
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| CN203327829U (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-12-11 | 王涛 | Insect-preventing net for fruit tree |
| CN203327659U (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-12-11 | 北京农业职业学院 | Assembly type insect preventing device for small urban vegetable garden |
| CN207767073U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-28 | 王成云 | A kind of insect-resistant cover for vegetables |
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| CN2529506Y (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-01-08 | 左可华 | Insect preventing screen greenhouse |
| CN1481668A (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-17 | 广州市果树科学研究所 | Method for preventing and treating papaya virosis |
| CN201541535U (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2010-08-11 | 无锡市蔬菜技术推广中心 | Large rooftop-type insect-proof screen house |
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